切花菊‘白扇’开放式组培快繁体系的建立

以切花菊‘白扇’的带腋芽茎段为外植体,以次氯酸钠为表面消毒剂,确定最佳的消毒浓度及消毒时间;以山梨酸钾、次氯酸钠和代森锰锌为抑菌剂,确定开放式初代、继代和生根培养基中抑菌剂的最佳组合,建立开放式组培快繁体系。试验结果表明：外植体最佳消毒条件为0.1%（V/V）次氯酸钠消毒15 min;在初代培养基中,抑菌剂最佳组合为50 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,该组合的污染率较低,为36.7%。开放式培养中芽的生长情况、诱导率均无显著差异;在继代增殖和生根培养阶段,抑菌剂的最佳组合为40 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,芽的增殖系数和生根率较高,分别为5.93%、80.0%,芽生长良好,与常规组培无明显差异。     

雷帕霉素预处理延缓牡丹‘洛阳红’切花衰老的生理效应

为研究雷帕霉素靶标激酶TOR在牡丹开花衰老过程中的生理作用，以牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.）‘洛阳红’切花为试材，用0.01 μmol • L-1雷帕霉素预处理2 h后瓶插，并测定瓶插寿命、能量物质含量、糖分含量、乙烯释放速率、呼吸速率、MDA含量以及PsTOR、PsSnRK1和PsHXK1表达量变化。结果表明：雷帕霉素预处理可延长该牡丹切花的瓶插最佳观赏期和增大花朵的最大花径；另外，雷帕霉素预处理还可提高花瓣可溶性糖含量和能荷积累，降低呼吸耗能和MDA含量，并下调瓶插初期PsSnRK1和PsHXK1的表达水平，上调瓶插后期PsTOR和PsSnRK1的表达水平。说明雷帕霉素可通过TOR途径调控能量感知，延缓牡丹切花的开放和衰老进程，进而提高瓶插品质。     

莫氏兰的品种选育和栽培技术研究

对从新加坡引进的莫氏兰进行适应性栽培。筛选出Mokara Adisa、M. Red、M. Dinah Shore、M. Chittl Orange Spot、M. Chao Praya Gold、M. Chao Praya Boy、M. Chark Kuan Pink、M. Kitiya共8个适宜在海南省三亚市栽培的莫氏兰优良切花品种，并对莫氏兰优良品种的主要栽培技术进行介绍。     

神马切花菊催花液的保鲜生理研究

以切花菊品种"神马"为试材,利用优选催花液A与传统瓶插保鲜液B对催开花材a与自然开花材b进行瓶插保鲜处理,测定保鲜期间处理材料的水分平衡值、总黄酮含量等生理指标,利用模糊数量法对每个处理外观形态指标进行评价,结果表明:优选催花液A的平均综合评分比传统瓶插保鲜液B高0.28分,比CK高0.88分,Ab处理比Ba处理瓶插寿命延长2 d,综合评分高低的顺序为:Ab>Aa>Ba>Bb>CK a>CK b;Ab处理水分平衡值总体均高于其他处理,且鲜重变化率最高,为75.551%,Ab处理的蛋白质峰值出现最晚(第20天);叶绿素含量第14天达到最大值,达0.0716 mg/g,优选催花液A可以更好地提高花瓣中总黄酮的含量。由此表明,优选催花液A的瓶插保鲜效果优于传统瓶插保鲜液B,优选催花液也可作为瓶插保鲜液使用。     

Appraisal and standardization of curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut‐off values for CASA analysis of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) sperm

One of the basic steps in objective analysis of sperm motility is the subdivision of a motile sperm population into slow, medium and rapid categories based on their velocity. However, for CASA analysis of quail sperm, the velocity values for categorization of slow, medium and rapid sperm have not yet been standardized. To identify the cut‐off values of “velocity curvilinear” (VCL) for quail sperm categorization, we captured and analysed 22,300 tracks of quail sperm using SCA^®‐CASA. The median and mean VCL values were 85 and 97 μm/s. To define the VCL cut‐off values, we used two methods. In the first, we identified the upper (rapid sperm) and lower (slow sperm) cut‐off values using: (i) median VCL ± 25% or ± 50% or ± 75% of median VCL value; (ii) first and third quartile values of VCL data (i.e. 25% cut‐off setting); and (iii) 33% and 66% of VCL data. Among these settings, sperm categories and their corresponding motility characteristics recorded using the “25%” setting (i.e. slow ≤36 ≤ medium ≤154 ≤ rapid) were found the most realistic and coherent with male ranking by fertility. In the second method, we calculated heteroscedasticity in the total VCL data using PCA and the two‐step clustering method. With this approach, the mean of the high and low clusters was 165 and 51 μm/s, respectively. Together, the mean from two methods suggested that, for SCA^®‐CASA categorization of quail sperm, sperm should be classed as “rapid” at VCL ≥160 μm/s and “slow” at VCL ≤45 μm/s.     

基于计算机视觉识别技术的甘蔗种植机械化研究

针对当前甘蔗种植机械化现状,优化机具设计,并应用计算机视觉识别技术,自动识别切种长度,预切甘蔗种,以便实现精密化、机械化的甘蔗种植。在计算机视觉识别技术支持下优化设计甘蔗种植设备,不仅可提升识别甘蔗茎节的正确率(提升80%),还可以提升甘蔗种植效益(提升20%),取得较好的经济效益。为此,设计了基于计算机视觉识别技术甘的蔗种植机械化设备,可提升甘蔗种植机械化水平,提高甘蔗预切种正确率,提升甘蔗机械化种植效益,产生积极影响。     

优化Fe-CA仿酶合成工艺研究

为了减少梗丝中木质素含量,改善梗丝的品质,提高其在卷烟中的应用,对Fe-CA仿酶合成的4个影响因素(摩尔配比、反应温度、反应时间、pH)进行单因素试验和正交试验优化,并将合成的Fe-CA仿酶对梗丝进行木质素降解,对处理前后的梗丝进行电镜扫描,并将其制成单料烟进行感官评价。结果表明,最佳合成方案条件是n(Fe~(2+))∶n(柠檬酸)为1∶1,反应温度是60℃,反应时间是40 min,pH值为6.0,此时合成率为82.1%;FeCA仿酶处理后的梗丝,木质素含量由3.49%降至1.60%,去除率达54.15%;Fe-CA仿酶处理后的梗丝表面变得更加齐整光滑,毛突减少;与对照相比,试验卷烟的香气质和香气量得到了改善,木质杂气减少,刺激性降低,品质得到提升。     

An innovative tapping system, the double cut alternative, to improve the yield of Hevea brasiliensis in Thai rubber plantations

In Thailand, the continuous decrease in the size of rubber plantations has led to the general adoption of intensive tapping systems which may lead to over harvesting, high rates of tapping panel dryness (TPD), short life-cycles of the plantations, and low labour productivity. In Thailand, farmers use a half-spiral downward tapping system (S/2) or a one third-spiral (S/3) with a tapping frequency of once two days (d2) or more. To increase productivity, it is difficult to reduce tapping frequencies, even with ethylene stimulation, as this would result in days without work for tappers. The purpose of this study was to characterize the behaviour of the Hevea latex yield under the double cut alternative tapping system (DCA). The aim was ensure the long-term sustainability of latex yield by increasing the time required for latex regeneration between two tappings through splitting this high tapping intensity (100% or above) into two different tapping cuts tapped alternately (S/2 d47d7(t,t). Over a period of 10 years, compared to a single cut tapping system (S/2 d2) of equivalent intensity, DCA increased cumulative rubber production by 9%. Ability of the trees to produce more latex under DCA was related to the sucrose and inorganic phosphorus contents of the latex cells in each tapping panel. DCA produced metabolic activity more favourable to yield during the first 10 years of tapping. But DCA also resulted in higher TPD rates, a sign of a metabolic dysfunction of the productive bark. DCA is a new tapping system. Further research is required to optimize the use of the DCA strategy. Such research will lead to new advances in our knowledge of the physiology of the rubber tree, mainly at the trunk scale.     

非洲菊切花弯茎影响因素研究进展

非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii)切花采后易出现弯茎现象,造成瓶插寿命缩短,观赏价值下降。非洲菊弯茎的发生受到其内在因素和外界环境的综合调控。从非洲菊花茎组织结构、物质代谢、导管堵塞、植物激素等方面对弯茎影响因素进行了综述,并在此基础上对进一步探讨弯茎影响因素之间的联系及其分子调控机制提出了展望。     

壳寡糖对月季切花的保鲜效果

为延长月季切花的保鲜期,以月季切花为材料,研究壳寡糖对月季切花的保鲜效果。同时利用分光光度计法检测壳寡糖对月季切花抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量的影响,进一步探讨其保鲜机理。结果表明:壳寡糖能够延长月季切花瓶插寿命6.4d。与对照相比,壳寡糖瓶插期月季切花的抗氧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性分别提高11.8%~109.3%和32.6%~194.9%,且脯氨酸的含量提高13.0%~98.2%。壳寡糖可提高月季切花的抗氧化能力,能有效延长月季切花瓶插寿命。