Differences in Wheat Cultivar Response to N Supply. I: Differences in Grain Yield Formation

Two-year field trials with winter wheat cultivars Batis and Toronto were conducted in Southern Bavaria, Germany, to investigate the possible causes of cultivar differences in response to N supply varying in total amount and time of application. Cultivar-related differences in grain yields were observed in treatments with low and medium N supply. High doses of N supply resulted in grain yield adjustment or grain yield advantage for cv. Toronto. The results of this study revealed a consistent, genotypic pattern in response to N fertilization in spite of strong seasonal effects. Systematic modifications in canopy growth rates in response to N supply were of particular relevance and a main factor for differences in tillering intensity resulting in modified stand densities. In the present study, cultivar differences in spike development and interactions with N supply related more to abortion than to initiation processes for number of spikelets and number of flowers per spikelet. High grain density (grains per m²) of cv. Toronto was evident during reproduction stages even under conditions of medium N supply. However, decreased growth rates during the later part of grain filling in combination with low 1000 grain weight, which was barely modified by N fertilization, allowed only partial utilization of this potential. It is assumed that sink limitations were of particular relevance for grain yield development in cv. Toronto, while cv. Batis combined a less intense response to N supply with more stability in the development of grain yield components.     

Optimal cultivar mixtures in focal plant diseases

This paper deals with a study on the effects of mixtures of partially resistant cultivars in focus forming plant diseases. The focus expansion velocity in a mixture of two partially resistant cultivars depends on four parameters, the focus expansion velocity in a crop of cultivar 1 only and in a crop of cultivar 2 only, the net-reproduction in a crop of cultivar 1 and of cultivar 2, respectively. An explicit equation is developed for the damage of a cultivar mixture where the crop is infected by two physiological races of the pathogen. It is shown that cultivar mixtures exist where damage is smaller than in crops of either of the two cultivars only. A simple explicit formula is given on the basis of which it can be decided whether an optimal mixture exists for a given pathosystem.     

越橘新品种‘北华1号’

‘北华1号’是从美国引进的北高丛越橘中选出的新品种。果实近圆形,蓝紫色,披白粉,果柄长8.7 mm,平均单果质量2.08 g,果实长径1.57 cm,短径1.21 cm,可溶性固形物含量11.6%,总糖7.82%,酸度0.28%,维生素C含量0.27 mg·g-1,维生素B1含量11.6μg·g-1,花青素含量1.52 mg·g-1,花青素清除DPPH自由基的清除率93.12%,出汁率73.5%。中早熟,在长白山区8月上旬果实成熟。具有抗寒、抗病、丰产、稳产的优点。适宜吉林省东部长白山区栽培。     

月季新品种‘金焰’

‘金焰’是从现代切花月季品种‘金辉’栽培群体中选育出来的单头切花型新品种。阔瓣杯状大花型,重瓣橙粉色,花瓣数31～38枚;花径10～13 cm;切枝长度80～100 cm,粗细均匀;生长势较强,产量高,温室栽培年产切花12～15枝·株^-1。     

中早熟辣椒新品种‘农大7号’

‘农大7号’辣椒是以HP1016为母本,Y0931为父本杂交选育而成。植株长势强,平均株高78.7 cm,中早熟。果实羊角形,青熟果黄绿色,果面光滑,果肉厚,平均单果质量80 g,平均单株结果数26.8个。果实维生素C含量0.56 mg·g^-1,粗纤维含量1.15%。抗疫病、炭疽病等。适宜河南全省各地(含烟区)早春保护地种植。     

蜀葵品种的数量分类研究

为了探究在蜀葵品种分类中起到关键作用的指标以及建立全面的蜀葵品种分类系统,以75个蜀葵品种为研究材料,对各品种的性状进行观测,选定26个性状指标进行R型聚类分析和主成分分析,去掉相关性较大且累积贡献率较小的性状指标,然后对75个蜀葵品种进行Q型聚类分析。R 型聚类分析结果显示：除了少数指标相关性较大外,其他指标较为分散,指标选取合理。主成分分析的结果显示： 26个指标可综合为8个主成分,累计贡献率达82.818%;Q型聚类分析的结果显示：75个品种在不同等级结合线处可以被分为2类、3类、4类和5类,其中叶型、裂叶长/叶长、花型、雌雄蕊瓣化情况、花期早晚、花瓣数、花色等指标在分类中有较大的影响力。叶型和花型是蜀葵品种分类最主要的标准和依据。因此,可以将蜀葵品种划分为圆叶品种群、裂叶品种群及全裂叶品种群三大品种群。     

桃新品种‘谷红2号’

‘谷红2号’桃由‘燕红’优良芽变育成。果实近圆形,平均单果质量275.4 g,最大单果质量650 g。果皮底色绿白,果面鲜红色;果肉白色,硬溶质,肉质紧密,浓甜,有香味;粘核,可溶性固形物14.2%。果实发育期152 d;在北京地区9月中下旬果实成熟。     

东方百合新品种‘红羽’

东方百合‘红羽’是以‘贵阳红’为母本,‘蒂伯’为父本,采用离体受精杂交方法培育的新品种。整体性状稳定,花瓣白色,中脉红,柱头紫色,茎杆绿色无斑点,对镰刀菌有较强抗性,性状优良,适应性强,易推广。     

柿新品种——中农红灯笼的选育

中农红灯笼柿是普通小火罐柿的实生优株,10月下旬成熟。果实灯笼形,平均单果质量63.8 g。果肉鲜红色,果皮橘红色。无褐斑,致密,细软多汁,纤维少,黏质,无核或少核,可溶性固形物16%～19%。树冠呈圆锥形或圆头形,结果早,丰产性好,坐果率高,抗逆性强。果实极耐贮藏,0～4℃下可贮藏至翌年清明节前后。