黄羽肉鸡ACSL1基因多态性与腹脂性状的相关性研究

长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶(ACSLs)是长链脂肪酸通过硫代酯化进而合成酰基辅酶A衍生物所必需的酶,也是脂肪酸代谢的第一步。哺乳动物ACSL家族由ACSL1、ACSL3、ACSL4、ACSL5和ACSL65个不同的成员组成,ACSL1是主要的异构体之一。为探讨黄羽肉鸡ACSL1基因作为腹脂性状分子标记的可行性,本实验采用PCR-直接测序技术对黄羽肉鸡ACSL1基因进行遗传多态性分析。结果显示:黄羽肉鸡ACSL1基因第17到第18外显子区域(1295 bp)SNPs位点较丰富,T32126C、C32013T、A31958G这3个位点的等位基因频率符合哈代-温伯格平衡,且A31958G突变位点、T32126C突变位点与腹脂重、腹脂率不相关,C32013T突变位点对鸡的腹脂重与腹脂率有显著影响,提示能够利用C32013T突变位点对黄羽肉鸡腹脂重进行分子标记辅助选择。     

Crude garlic extract significantly inhibits replication of grapevine viruses

Efforts to control viral diseases of grapevine include the production of certified material and development of virus-resistant transgenic grapevines. However, effective antiviral agents, once the viruses have infected the plants, are still lacking. This study shows that a crude garlic extract has significant antiviral activity against grapevine viruses. Replication of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) was obviously inhibited in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon calli treated with diluted (1:100) garlic extract. The relative RNA levels of GLRaV-2 and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in cv. Summer Black grapevine in in vitro-grown plantlets 10 days after treatment with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 22% and 20%, respectively, of that in controls. The viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-2, GFkV, grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) in field-grown grapevine cv. Centennial Seedless plants sprayed with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 31–40%, 26–38%, 18–31%, 17–42% and 15–18%, respectively, of that in controls. Moreover, the garlic extract treatment led to a significant decrease in viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-3, GLRaV-2, GVA, GFkV, GFLV, GRSPaV and grapevine Pinot Gris virus in pot-grown grapevine cv. Shine Muscat plants, and viral disease symptoms in these plants were obviously attenuated. In addition, this extract significantly induced expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes and stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes in grapevines. Taken together, these results indicate that the crude garlic extract acts as a significant inhibitor against a broad range of grapevine viruses.     

豫南茶树种质资源籽实脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成分析

以豫南地区42份茶树种质资源的茶籽为研究对象,分析了茶籽含仁率及茶籽仁的脂肪含量,范围分别在33.53%~71.60%、17.77%~38.39%。利用气-质联用技术（GC-MS）检测了茶籽仁中的脂肪酸组成和含量,共检测到21种脂肪酸,其中主要成分棕榈酸、硬脂酸、顺-油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的含量分别在2.64%~5.70%、0.21%~1.11%、7.33%~17.29%、0.09%~8.44%和0.01%~0.15%;相关性分析显示,顺-油酸与十三碳酸、十四碳酸和顺-二十碳二烯酸的含量呈极显著负相关,亚油酸与反-油酸、顺-二十二碳六烯酸含量呈极显著负相关;除了水仙7202茶籽仁中的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量比值为3.08∶12.16∶1,其余茶树种质资源茶籽仁中,这三类脂肪酸的比值均约为1∶2.69∶1.37。中黄1号、农抗早、迎霜、鄂茶11号、龙井43、中选8号、崂山3号和黄金叶8个茶树品种,不仅含仁率和脂肪含量较高,而且茶籽仁脂肪酸的组分和含量丰富、均衡,可初步筛选出来作为豫南地区叶籽两用茶园的候选品种。     

产漆酶真菌对高寒草甸土壤有机质矿化特性的研究

为了了解产漆酶微生物真菌对高寒草甸土壤有机质的矿化作用及其特性，实验采用室内密闭静置培养法，对添加产漆酶真菌Marasmius tricolor 310b发酵粗酶液对高寒草甸土壤生物活性有机碳库的影响进行了研究。结果表明：与对照组相比，添加产漆酶真菌Marasmius tricolor 310b发酵粗酶液后，在整个培养期内土壤CO₂释放量和微生物生物量碳含量随培养时间的延长，呈现不断下降的趋势，35 d后趋于稳定；在整个培养周期，微生物呼吸熵的变化总体呈对数降低趋势，处理组符合方程y=-9.964ln （x）+32.281（R²=0.9744），对照组符合方程y=-9.788ln （x）+28.683（R²=0.95），处理组土壤CO₂的累计释放量始终高于对照组（P<0.05），说明菌株310b促进了土壤有机质矿化作用。土壤有机碳含量在培养前期开始降低，但差异不显著，15 d后处理组的土壤有机碳含量低于对照组（P<0.05），说明不同阶段产漆酶真菌对有机质的周转速率不同，推测产漆酶真菌对有机质的转化作用与土壤环境条件有关。     

饲粮精料水平和蛋氨酸铬添加剂量对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和脂肪沉积的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮精料水平和蛋氨酸铬(Cr-Met)添加剂量对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和脂肪沉积的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,2个因素分别为饲粮精料水平和Cr-Met添加剂量,其中饲粮精料水平分别设为35%(低精料饲粮,饲粮精粗比为35∶65)和55%(高精料饲粮,饲粮精粗比为55∶45),Cr-Met添加剂量分别设为0、0.75和1.50 g/(d·只)。将60只雄性滩羊羔羊[平均体重为(21±1)kg]随机分配到6个试验组,每组10只。试验期为80 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期65 d。结果显示:1)与低精料饲粮组相比,高精料饲粮组滩羊的平均日增重、屠宰率、背膘厚度、肌内脂肪含量和后腿肉比重显著增加(P<0.05),但料重比与肌肉蒸煮损失、剪切力、pH、亮度(L*)值、红度(a*)值和黄度(b*)值则显著降低(P<0.05)。2)低精料饲粮组滩羊背膘厚度、皮下脂肪厚度、肌内脂肪含量和后腿肉比重随Cr-Met添加剂量的增加而线性降低(P<0.05),但肌肉pH则线性升高(P<0.05)。3)高精料饲粮组滩羊肋肉比重、腰肉比重以及肌肉剪切力和pH随Cr-Met添加剂量的增加而线性升高(P<0.05),而肌内脂肪含量和肌肉a*值则线性降低(P<0.05)。综合本试验测定指标,建议在滩羊养殖中选择精粗比为55∶45的高精料饲粮,Cr-Met的适宜添加剂量为1.50 g/(d·只),且不建议在精粗比为35∶65的低精料饲粮中添加Cr-Met。     

复合式分离型热管在原油采出液余热回收中的应用

通过蒸汽辅助重力泄油(Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage,SAGD)技术开采稠油时,采出液温度较高,对其进行热回收的节能潜力较高,油田采用热管式换热器回收采出原油的余热,将其作为工业或生活用热具有研究价值。考虑到现场空间要求和工程设备模块化的特点,利用U形管壳式换热器、螺旋板式换热器作为分离型热虹吸热管蒸发段和冷凝段,并建立复合式分离型热管模型,分析其换热性能、循环压降、充液率及换热能力。采用新疆油田油水二次换热区的分离型热管系统验证该模型,结果表明:复合式分离型热管计算模型可行;复合式热管具备U形管壳式换热器、螺旋板式换热器的优点,换热性能强,系统换热能力可以满足实际要求,有较好的环境适应性。     

不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平下黑水虻蛋白替代豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋清品质及血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平下黑水虻蛋白替代豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋清品质及血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响。采用单因素随机试验设计,选用252只产蛋率相近的33周龄罗曼白蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组7个重复,每重复12只鸡。各组分别饲喂标准回肠可消化氨基酸(SIDAA)平衡模式下配制的不同粗蛋白质水平(16.50%、14.85%、13.20%)的玉米-豆粕-黑水虻蛋白饲粮,各组黑水虻蛋白与豆粕提供等量的粗蛋白质。预试期2周,正试期12周。结果表明:1)与16.50%组相比,14.85组%和13.20%组的产蛋率和平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),平均蛋重显著降低(P<0.05),料蛋比显著升高(P<0.05);13.20%组的产蛋量显著降低(P<0.05),14.85%组的产蛋量无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与16.50%组相比,14.85%组的平均蛋重、蛋清重、浓蛋白重、蛋白高度、哈氏单位和蛋清比例均无显著差异(P>0.05);13.20%组的平均蛋重、浓蛋白重、蛋白高度显著降低(P<0.05),蛋清重和哈氏单位呈下降趋势(P=0.0513和P=0.0673)。3)各组血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性及总蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。16.50%和13.20%饲粮粗蛋白质水平对蛋鸡输卵管膨大部分泌功能有轻微不良影响。由此可见,在SIDAA模式下,以黑水虻蛋白替代豆粕并使饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低至14.85%时对鸡蛋蛋清品质无不良影响。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌SJ06脂肽粗提物与吡唑醚菌酯协同对玉米小斑病菌的抑制效果

运用对峙培养法测定解淀粉芽孢杆菌SJ06菌株对玉米小斑病菌的拮抗活性;采用菌丝生长速率法测定发酵上清液、脂肽粗提物对玉米小斑病菌的抑菌活性,以及SJ06脂肽粗提物与吡唑醚菌酯复配的协同抑菌活性。结果表明:对峙培养SJ06对玉米小斑病菌的抑制率为71.43%;SJ06发酵上清液和脂肽粗提物对病菌的EC_(50)值分别为0.88μL/mL和0.23μL/mL,吡唑醚菌酯对病菌的EC_(50)值为1.10μg/m L;SJ06脂肽粗提物与吡唑醚菌酯复配对玉米小斑病菌的毒性比均大于1,说明复配对病菌的抑制效果均为增效作用,其中,复配体积比为4∶6时毒性比为1.21,增效作用最强。     

安格斯牛和南阳牛肌内脂肪组织中差异表达circRNAs分析

【目的】筛选牛肌肉脂肪组织中差异表达的circRNAs,为进一步探索circRNAs在牛肌内脂肪沉积和代谢过程中的潜在作用及肉牛改良提供理论基础。【方法】采集安格斯牛和南阳牛右侧背部最长肌第12/13肋骨间肌肉,分离其脂肪组织并提取RNA,采用RNA-seq和生物信息学方法分析2种牛肌内脂肪组织中circRNAs的表达情况,筛选差异表达的circRNAs,并对其进行GO和KEGG富集分析。选取4个差异表达的circRNA(circRNA.9560、circRNA.7431、circRNA.2083、circRNA.6528),对其表达水平进行qRT-PCR验证。【结果】在所有牛样本肌内脂肪组织中共检测到14 649个circRNAs,从中筛选并初步鉴定出111个安格斯牛与南阳牛差异表达的circRNAs,其中有75个在安格斯牛肌内脂肪组织中表达上调,36个表达下调。差异表达的circRNAs主要富集于细胞进程、单有机体进程、代谢过程、细胞、细胞部分、细胞器、分子结合、催化活性、核酸结合转录因子活性的GO条目中。KEGG富集分析结果发现,差异表达的circRNAs共富集到66条信号通路中,其中具有显著差异(P0.05)的信号通路有10个。qRT-PCR验证结果显示,circRNA.9560和circRNA.7431表达量显著下调,circRNA.2083和circRNA.6528表达量显著上调,与测序结果一致。【结论】筛选出111个安格斯牛与南阳牛差异表达的circRNAs,这些circRNAs可能在牛脂肪沉积和脂质代谢过程中发挥着一定的调控作用。     

Effect of melatonin on visceral fat deposition,lipid metabolism and hepatic lipo-metabolic gene expression in male rats

Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis.