基于多结构鲁棒估计的虹膜外边缘定位方法

在Adaboost检测人脸区域的基础上，提出了基于多结构鲁棒估计的虹膜外边缘定位方法．通过对200幅单人脸的图像数据集的仿真实验，结果表明，本方法相比于传统的RANSAC模型生成算法以及Hough变换等方法，能得到更精确的定位结果，而且能加快有效的模型生成，虹膜外边缘定位精度达到94％．     

基于Adaboost算法的田间猕猴桃识别方法

实现猕猴桃自动化采摘的关键是自然环境下果实的准确识别。为提高田间猕猴桃果实的识别效果,基于Adaboost算法,利用RGB、HSI、La*b*3个颜色空间中的1个或多个通道构建6个不同的弱分类器,用采集的猕猴桃果实和背景共300个样本点进行训练生成1个强分类器。然后选择655个测试样本点进行验证,强分类器分类精度为94.20%,高于任意弱分类器。对80幅图像中215个猕猴桃进行试验,结果表明：Adaboost算法可有效抑制天空、地表等复杂背景的影响,适合于自然场景下的猕猴桃图像识别,识别率高达96.7%。该技术大大提高了猕猴桃采摘机器人的作业效率。     

Coping with imbalanced data problem in digital mapping of soil classes

An unsolved problem in the digital mapping of categorical soil variables and soil types is the imbalanced number of observations, which leads to reduced accuracy and the loss of the minority class (the class with a significantly lower number of observations compared to other classes) in the final map. So far, synthetic over- and under-sampling techniques have been explored in soil science; however, more efficient approaches that do not have the drawbacks of these techniques and guarantee retention of the minority classes in the produced map are essentially required. Such approaches suggested in the present study for digital mapping of soil classes include machine learning models of ensemble gradient boosting, cost-sensitive learning and one-class classification (OCC) of the minority class combined with multi-class classification. In this regard, extreme gradient boosting (XGB) as an ensemble gradient learner, a cost-sensitive decision tree (CSDT) within the C5.0 algorithm, and a one-class support vector machine combined with multi-class classification (OCCM) were investigated to map eight soil great groups with a naturally imbalanced frequency of observations in northwest Iran. A total of 453 profile data points were used for mapping the soil great groups of the study area. A data split was done manually for each class separately, which resulted in an overall 70% of the data for calibration and 30% for validation. The bootstrapping approach of calibration (with 10 runs) was performed to produce multiple maps for each model. The 10 bootstraps were evaluated against the hold-out validation dataset. The average values of accuracy measures, including Kappa (K), overall accuracy (OA), producer's accuracy (PA) and user's accuracy (UA), were explored. In addition, the results of this study were compared with a previous study in the same area, in which resampling techniques were used to deal with imbalanced data for digital soil class mapping. The findings show that all three suggested methods can deal well with the imbalanced classification problem, with OCCM showing the highest K (= 0.76) and OA (= 82) in the validation stage. Also, this model can guarantee the retention of the minority classes in the final map. Comparing the present approaches with the previous study approach demonstrates that the three newly suggested methods can remarkably increase both overall and individual class accuracy for mapping.     

基于Adaboost算法的输电线路舞动预警方法

输电线路舞动是目前尚未被全面准确认识的世界性难题,已严重威胁输电系统的安全稳定运行。文章分析影响舞动的外界气象环境因素,并在此基础上提出一种基于Adaboost集成学习算法的输电线舞动预警方法。采用基于Gini指标的决策桩作为弱分类器,通过对多个弱分类器的训练及加权求和,输出舞动预测结果及其置信度,可为电网运维人员提供决策支撑。最后,使用历史数据进行验证性实验,结果证明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于代价敏感Adaboost目标跟踪

目的 当前,目标跟踪问题常常会通过在线学习、检测的方法来解决。针对在线学习过程中,分类器训练需要花费大量时间以提高其识别准确率的问题,提出使用Adaboost算法级联弱分类器,在训练一定帧数后仅进行检测的方法来达到实时和准确的折中。方法 首先针对跟踪问题简化了haar特征,以降低特征计算量。同时考虑到经典的Adaboost算法可能并不适合跟踪过程中存在的正负样本不均衡问题,提出在样本权重更新公式中引入一个新的调整因子项并且结合代价敏感学习来提高目标识别率的方法。最终给出使用简化的haar特征作为描述子,改进的代价敏感Adaboost作为分类器的目标跟踪算法。结果 对20组视频进行跟踪实验,本文算法的平均代表准确率高于压缩跟踪算法约26%,高于原始代价敏感算法约11%;本文算法的视频处理平均帧率高于压缩跟踪算法约38%。结论 本文提出的新代价敏感Adaboost算法对目标的识别、跟踪具有较高的准确率及较快的处理速度,并具有一定的抗干扰能力。特别对人等非刚性目标能够进行较好跟踪。     

基于BP和Adaboost-BP神经网络的 羊肉新鲜度高光谱定性分析

【目的】 实现对羊肉新鲜度的快速准确鉴别。【方法】 研究通过对460~1 000 nm的羊肉高光谱图像纯肌肉部分提取光谱数据,以挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值对新鲜度等级进行划分,对预处理后的光谱数据分别采用连续投影算法(SPA)、主成分分析(PCA)两种压缩降维方法和反向传播(BP)神经网络、自适应提升BP(Adaboost-BP)神经网络两种建模方法开展羊肉新鲜度的分类比较。【结果】 其中采用SPA、PCA建立的BP模型校正集与预测集准确率均为100%、83.33%,建立的Adaboost-BP模型校正集与预测集准确率均为100%、94.44%,两种压缩降维方法下Adaboost-BP模型效果均优于BP模型。【结论】 利用高光谱图像技术结合Adaboost-BP方法对羊肉新鲜度等级进行分类判别是可行的。     

基于GRNN的坡面径流输沙能力模型的试验研究

坡面径流输沙能力是建立土壤侵蚀过程模型的重要水力学参数,研究定量计算坡面径流输沙能力的实用模型具有重要的理论和实践意义.通过室内模拟径流冲刷试验,计算不同坡度和流量条件下的裸地坡面径流输沙能力,利用平均影响值(MIV)方法对影响坡面径流输沙能力的因子进行分析,建立以干密度、能坡、进口流量、出口流量、水力半径、流速为输入,以坡面径流输沙能力为输出的广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型,并应用Adaboost算法对模型进行优化.验证结果表明,所建模型能够用于对坡面径流输沙能力的模拟预测.与BP神经网络模型进行对比分析的结果表明:在试验训练样本条件下,广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型的模拟预测结果优于BP神经网络模型;Adaboost算法能够有效减小广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型的模拟预测误差.     

小麦秸秆中K和Na元素LIBS同步定量分析研究

快速分析小麦秸秆中K和Na元素含量对提高其燃烧效率具有重要的现实意义。选用华北地区29个小麦秸秆代表性样本作为研究对象,以电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)量测结果作为标准值,探讨激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术对小麦秸秆中K和Na元素含量进行定量预测分析的可行性。为提高模型定量分析精度,首先分别选取K和Na分析线附近波段光谱作为定标模型原始光谱数据,对比基线校正(BC)、归一化(Norm)与中心化(MC)相互组合算法对LIBS光谱降噪效果影响,分析比较线性建模方法:偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和非线性建模方法:增强型反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ADaboost)对预处理后光谱数据的适用性。研究结果发现,与PLSR模型相比较,小麦秸秆中K和Na的BP-ADaboost最优模型效果均较好,其预测决定系数R2p分别为0. 908和0. 979,预测均方根误差分别为2. 388 g/kg和0. 138 g/kg,相对分析误差分别为2. 358和4. 203。结果表明,LIBS技术能用于小麦秸秆中K和Na的同步快速定量分析。