自觉选择的命运——麦克白形象新析

文章分析了莎士比亚名剧《麦克白》中的英雄麦克白堕落的原因，认为决定性原因在于麦克白自身，在于他未能抵制野心和权欲的诱惑，而其夫人的蛊惑和女巫的预言等仅仅是起催化作用的外因。文章指出麦克白最终的结局是他自己自觉选择的命运。     

救赎与献祭--对朱湘死亡意识的解读与反思

作为文化现象的"朱湘之死"的现象学阐释可能有多种,但主要与四个方面紧密相关融注了边缘、焦虑、精美、悲剧的文化身份;诗与人的清醒悖逆;"救赎诗"的自觉营构与乌托邦话语;"诗的救赎"的自为献祭."朱湘之死"是一种"理性死亡",也是一种"意向死亡",最终完成了诗人朱湘从"救赎诗"到"诗的救赎"的诗学之旅.     

出版科学体系和基本原理的研究（I）

通过对出版活动的深入研究，作者首次发现了出版活动中贯穿始终的文化载体，以文化载体论为核心确立了出版科学在现代科学体系的独立地位。提出了出版科学的四个层次：即出版哲学、出版学、出版技术科学和出版技术，阐述了文化载体的结构与功能、历史演化和运行规律。     

拒腐防变把握自我

拒腐防变重在把握自我。法律的制约,制度的约束,群众的监督,这是拒腐防变的外部监控机制。然而,共产党员如果忽视自身世界观的改造,摆不正自己的位子,不能正确行使权力,在金钱、美女诱惑下就可能企图超越法律、摆脱监督、挺而走险,最终走上犯罪的道路。因此,要正确地认识自己,自觉地接受监督,把握人生航向,抵制各种腐朽思想的侵蚀,洁身自好,这是世界观改造的最基木要求。堤防首先要从自己的思想和行为筑起,才能立于不败之地。在当今物欲横流的社会,共产党员更要经得起各种环境的考验。     

论大学生思想政治教育中社会主义核心价值体系教育的实现

分析社会主义核心价值体系实现的概念,阐述社会主义核心价值体系教育实现的一般过程,分析大学生对社会主义核心价值体系自觉追求的特点,进而提出增强大学生对社会主义核心价值体系认同和自觉追求的几点思考。     

Technical and methodological requirements for reliable haemodynamic measurements in the unsedated calf

The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the technical and methodological problems associated with invasive haemodynamic measurements in unsedated cattle; (2) to assess the reproducibility of such measurements both within and between days; and (3) to compare the values with those previously reported.Twenty-one healthy calves, aged from 5.5 to 12 months, were studied. The central venous, the right ventricular, the pulmonary arterial, the pulmonary capillary wedge and the systemic arterial pressures were obtained by means of fluid-filled catheters, and the cardiac output was measured by the thermodilution technique. The heart rate, the stroke volume, the pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances and the pulmonary and systemic ventricular workloads were calculated.An adverse reaction, consisting of severe pulmonary hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnoea and transient weakness, occurred in 7 calves during the catheterization procedures. Such a reaction might be due to a local reflex induced by stimulation of mechano-receptors by the catheter tip. It should be avoided by reducing the manipulation of the catheter as much as possible and by inflating the tip of the balloon when moving it forwards. A comparison of the vascular pressures with those previously reported was difficult because of methodological or technical limitations, such as, for instance, a lack of standardization of the baseline. The reproducibility of the haemodynamic measurements obtained was satisfactory, in contrast to previous studies performed in conscious animals. This was attributed to our animals being better trained to the experimental conditions and emphasizes the importance of reducing mental stress in obtaining reliable haemodynamic measurements in unsedated and potentially uncooperative animals.     

The effect of moderate hypovolemia on cardiopulmonary function in dogs

Objective: To collate canine cardiopulmonary measurements from previously published and unpublished studies in instrumented, unsedated, normovolemic and moderately hypovolemic dogs. Design: Collation of data obtained from original investigations in our research laboratory. Setting: Research laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine. Subjects: Sixty‐eight dogs. Interventions: Subjects were percutaneously instrumented with an arterial catheter and a thermodilution cardiac output catheter. A femoral artery catheter was percutaneously placed for blood removal. Measurements and main results: Body weight, arterial and mixed‐venous pH and blood gases, arterial, pulmonary arterial, pulmonary artery occlusion, and central venous blood pressure, cardiac output, and core body temperature were measured. Body surface area, bicarbonate concentration, standard base excess, cardiac index (CI), stroke volume, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, left and right ventricular work and stroke work indices, left and right rate‐pressure product, alveolar PO₂, alveolar–arterial PO₂ gradient, arterial and mixed‐venous and pulmonary capillary oxygen content, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction, venous admixture, arterial and venous blood carbon dioxide content, arterial–venous carbon dioxide gradient, carbon dioxide production were calculated. In 68 dogs, hypovolemia sufficient to decrease mean arterial blood pressure (ABPm) to an average of 62 mmHg, was associated with the following changes: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) decreased from 40.0 to 32.9 mmHg; arterial base deficit (BDa) increased from ?2.2 to ?6.3 mEq/L; lactate increased from 0.85 to 10.7 mm /L, and arterial pH (pHa) did not change. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) increased from 100.5 to 108.3 mmHg while mixed‐venous PO₂ (PmvO₂) decreased from 49.1 to 34.1 mmHg. Arterial and mixed‐venous oxygen content (CaO₂ and CmvO₂) decreased from 17.5 to 16.5 and 13.8 to 9.6 mL/dL, respectively. The alveolar–arterial PO₂ gradient (A‐a PO₂) increased from 5.5 to 8.9 mmHg while venous admixture decreased from 2.9% to 1.4%. The ABPm decreased from 100 to 62 mmHg; pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm) decreased from 13.6 to 6.4 mmHg; and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP) decreased from 4.9 to 0.1 mmHg. CI decreased from 4.31 to 2.02 L/min/m². Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance (SVRI and PVRI) increased from 1962 to 2753 and 189 to 269 dyn s/cm⁵, respectively. Oxygen delivery (DO₂) decreased from 787 to 340 mL/min/m² while oxygen consumption (VO₂) decreased from 172 to 141 mL/min/m². Oxygen extraction increased from 20.9% to 42.3%. Conclusions: Moderate hypovolemia caused CI and oxygen delivery to decrease to 47% and 42% of baseline. Oxygen extraction, however, doubled and, therefore, oxygen consumption decreased only to 82% of baseline.     

Independent selection for seed free tryptophan content and vernalization response in chickpea domestication

Chickpea shows a distinct domestication trajectory vis‐a‐vis pod dehiscence and growth cycle mediated by vernalization insensitivity compared with its companion Near Eastern legumes. Our objectives were: (i) to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with vernalization response and seed free tryptophan in domesticated × wild chickpea progeny and (ii) estimate the genetic correlation between vernalization response and free tryptophan content. A domesticated × wild chickpea cross was used to document phenotypic segregation in both traits and to construct a skeletal genetic map for QTL detection. A number of vernalization response and seed free tryptophan content QTLs were documented in both F₂ and F₃ generations. No significant genetic correlation between these two traits was observed. Epistatic relationship between two free tryptophan loci was documented. It is evident that selection for high seed tryptophan is easier to accomplish relative to selection for vernalization insensitivity. This suggests that the two traits were selected independently in antiquity, thereby corroborating earlier claims for conscious selection processes associated with chickpea domestication.