Roles of zinc and selenium in protecting sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes against lipopolysaccharide‐induced oxidative stress in vitro

This study investigated the attenuate effects of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced oxidative stress in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes in vitro. Coelomocytes were first treated with different concentrations of Zn (0.12, 0.48 and 1.2 mM) and Se (0.06, 0.24 and 0.6 mM) for 12 h and the optimal concentrations of Zn and Se as antioxidants for A. japonicus coelomocytes were selected based on antioxidant parameters including total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH). Next, coelomocytes were pretreated with 0 (control), 0.12 mM Zn or 0.24 mM Se for 12 h, and then were treated with LPS (100 μg mL^?1) for 6 h. Se completely inhibited LPS‐induced increase in superoxide anion () production and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and effectively prevented the LPS‐induced decreases of T‐AOC, activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and GST and concentration of GSH. Zn alleviated the LPS‐induced oxidative stress but the protective effects were not as effective as Se. The present work also proved that suboptimal amount of Zn and Se could impair the antioxidant system of A. japonicus coelomoytes. In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that both Zn and Se, especially Se, have the potentials to be the effective antioxidants for A. japonicus. Further work will be conducted for their optimal administration concentrations in vivo.     

仿刺参补体类似物活性的测定

用3种方法对仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus体腔液、体腔液上清液及体腔细胞中的总补体溶血活性和补体类似物AjC3、AjC4活性进行测定.结果表明:在仿刺参体腔液、体腔液上清液和体腔细胞中能够检测到总补体溶血活性和补体类似物AjC3、AjC4,表明仿刺参体内存在有脊椎动物的补体类似物,且活性与正常人补体活性相似.仿刺参体内总补体溶血活性和补体类似物AjC3、AjC4的活性依次顺序均为体腔液＞体腔细胞＞体腔液上清液.     

几种重金属对刺参体腔细胞超氧阴离子(O2-)产生的影响

测定重金属(Zn2 、Pb2 、Cd2 、Cu2 )对刺参体腔细胞吞噬过程中超氧阴离子(O2-)产生的影响。结果表明:Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd均能抑制刺参体腔细胞吞噬过程中超氧阴离子(O2-)的产生。低浓度重金属离子Zn2 (1、5、10mg.L-1),Pb2 (0.5mg.L-1),Cd2 (0.05mg.L-1)处理刺参体腔细胞能使其吞噬过程活性氧产生增加;高浓度重金属离子Zn2 (50、100、200mg.L-1),Pb2 (1、5、10、50、100mg.L-1),Cd2 (0.5、5、10、50、100mg.L-1)处理能明显地抑制刺参体腔细胞吞噬过程中的超氧阴离子(O2-)的产生,Cu2 在浓度为0.1mg.L-1时就开始对超氧阴离子(O2-)的产生抑制,随着浓度的加大,抑制作用明显。     

彗星电泳检测草胺磷对蚯蚓体腔细胞 DNA 的损伤

【目的】探讨草胺磷对土壤动物的影响,以蚯蚓为受试动物,在实验室环境下,采用彗星电泳技术检测不同浓度草胺磷胁迫对蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA损伤的程度。【方法】草胺磷质量浓度设定为0、37.5、75、150、300 mg/L,胁迫时间24 h,取头部DNA含量、尾部DNA含量、尾长、尾矩、Olive尾矩5个参数分析DNA损伤程度。【结果】电泳结果显示,与空白对照比较,5个参数在4个草胺磷处理中都有显著差异;随草胺磷浓度升高,尾部DNA含量、尾长、尾矩、Olive尾矩随之升高,头部DNA含量随之降低,草胺磷胁迫引起了蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA的损伤,草胺磷浓度越高,DNA损伤越严重。随后降低草胺磷浓度,延长胁迫时间至96 h,得到相似结果。【结论】草胺磷会引起土壤动物蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA的损伤,草胺磷浓度与蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA损伤程度两者间存在显著的剂量-效应关系。     

土壤菲多次叠加污染对蚯蚓的毒性效应

采用多次叠加污染的方式模拟菲(Phenanthrene,Phe)在土壤中逐步累积的过程,分析在不同老化阶段(1、7、14、28和56 d)土壤Phe的生物有效性特征,及其对蚯蚓体腔细胞酶活性、染色体和溶酶体膜的毒性效应。结果表明:随着土壤培养时间的延长,土壤中Phe有效含量、蚯蚓体内Phe富集量、蚯蚓体腔细胞超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量以及微核率均呈前期(1~28 d)下降较快,后期(29~56 d)下降速率逐渐减小的趋势,中性红保留时间呈逐渐升高的趋势,表明随着培养时间的延长,Phe对蚯蚓的毒性效应逐渐减小。土壤Phe有效含量与蚯蚓体内Phe富集量、SOD和POD酶活性、MDA含量、微核率和中性红保留时间均呈极显著相关(p0.01),决定系数(R2)分别为0.887 9、0.893 4、0.870 9、0.930 5、0.893 3和0.885 1。在1~56 d老化时间内,多次叠加污染土壤中Phe有效含量和蚯蚓体内Phe富集量分别较一次污染低23.19%~50.15%和12.64%~57.89%;蚯蚓体腔细胞SOD和POD酶活性分别较一次污染低3.40%~47.24%和6.49%~38.02%;MDA含量比一次污染低1.30%~57.82%;微核率较一次污染低12.48%~22.99%;中性红保留时间较一次污染高1.35%~13.97%,这表明土壤Phe多次叠加污染对蚯蚓体腔细胞的毒性效应低于一次污染。