播期对鄂中北地区不同类型粳稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响

为了明确鄂中北地区稻麦周年轮作模式下,播期对不同类型粳稻生育期、产量及其构成因素、温光资源利用的影响,以常规早熟中粳、中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、籼粳杂交早熟中粳和籼粳杂交中熟中粳为材料,在湖北省襄阳市农业科学院团山试验基地进行试验。结果表明,随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻生育期均显著缩短,迟熟中粳缩短幅度最大,籼粳杂交早熟中粳缩短幅度最小。各类型粳稻营养生长阶段受温光影响较大,而生殖生长阶段相对稳定;随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻全生育期有效积温及其利用率显著降低,日照时数利用率呈减少趋势。同一播期内,籼粳杂交中粳热量利用率高于常规中粳;各类型粳稻产量均以第Ⅰ播期最高,第Ⅴ播期最低,产量下降的主要原因是每穗颖花数和结实率显著降低。鄂中北地区粳麦周年轮作模式下,粳稻应首选籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳,其次是籼粳杂交早熟中粳。籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳的最佳播期为5月9日-5月15日。     

蓟马为害对苜蓿叶茎显微结构的影响

为了揭示蓟马为害后紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）叶片和茎秆细胞组织结构的变化及其与苜蓿耐害性的关系，本研究选用抗、感蓟马苜蓿无性系R-1和I-1，比较蓟马为害后苜蓿叶片和茎秆的显微结构及叶片超微结构的变化。结果表明，受害后，R-1和I-1苜蓿的组织结构有明显改变：叶片上下表皮细胞锯齿边缘消失，细胞显著隆起，气孔缩小，单位面积细胞和气孔数显著增加。在茎秆中，维管束间距和直径变小，维管束细胞减少，厚角组织宽度下降；表皮细胞变短变窄，细胞和气孔数明显增加。叶片栅栏组织细胞收缩，液泡变小，叶绿体淀粉粒变小或减少，叶绿体片层基粒增加，嗜锇体增多。健康R-1叶片上下表皮单位面积细胞和气孔数均少于I-1。受害后，R-1叶片上下表皮单位面积细胞数分别增加1.75和1.51倍，细胞增加倍数、叶绿体片层和基粒均多于I-1。受蓟马为害后，R-1组织结构的变化较I-1更显著。     

农业科研院所科技援疆的调查与思考——以山西省农业科学院为例

本文以山西省农业科学院为例,分析了农业科研院所科技援疆的历程与特征,总结了科技援疆典型做法,并深入剖析了科技援疆存在的问题,提出了强化援疆目标、精准援疆项目、筑牢援疆保障、拓展援疆领域、完善运作机制、增加援疆资金、加强项目管理等进一步强化科技援疆工作的建议。     

Effect of chlorogenic acid on intestinal inflammation,antioxidant status,and microbial community of young hens challenged with acute heat stress

Heat stress in poultry is deleterious to productive performance. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental CGA on the intestinal health and cecal microbiota composition of young hens challenged with acute heat stress. 100-day-old Hy-line brown pullets were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (C) and heat stress group (HS) received a basal diet. HS + CGA₃₀₀ group and HS + CGA₆₀₀ group received a basal diet supplemented with 300- and 600-mg/kg CGA, respectively, for 2 weeks before heat stress exposure. Pullets of HS, HS + CGA₃₀₀, and HS + CGA₆₀₀ group were exposed to 38°C for 4 h while the control group was maintained at 25°C. In this study, dietary CGA supplementation had effect on mitigate the decreased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and the increasing of IL-1β and TNFα induced by acute heat stress. Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg CGA had better effect on increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, such as Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, and Christensenellaceae R-7_group, and deceasing bacteria genera involved in inflammation, such as Sutterella species. Therefore, CGA can ameliorate acute heat stress damage through suppressing inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity and cecal microbiota composition.     

高山杜鹃成都平原越夏生长研究

为加强对高山杜鹃的引种栽培,筛选出适合成都平原栽植的高山杜鹃品种,对引进的11个品种高山杜鹃的整株生长指标（冠幅、株高、地径、分蘖能力）、枝条生长指标（分枝数、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、最长枝叶片数）、叶片生长指标（叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度）、夏稍长度以及热害指数进行评估。结果表明,引进的11个品种高山杜鹃均能在一定程度上适应成都平原越夏生长,其中‘王妃’的综合表现最好,尤其是其冠幅、株高、地径、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、叶长、叶宽,在引种2个月后的增幅分别达到了131.43%、155.07%、53.79%、103.65%、26.66%、21.51%、27.34%;‘喜悦’的热害指数最低,几乎不受害。此外,‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’也表现不俗。因此,引进高山杜鹃品种‘王妃’、‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’、‘喜悦’适应成都平原的越夏生长,可进一步推广栽植。     

健康意识对规模养殖户亲环境行为的影响——基于生猪环保饲料支付意愿的视角

为探究健康意识对规模养殖户以使用环保饲料为代表的亲环境行为的作用,以湖北省402个生猪规模养殖户为研究对象,应用Heckman两阶段模型,探讨健康意识对不同群体规模养殖户的影响差异。研究结果表明,大多数规模养殖户(78.97%)愿意为环保饲料付费,且平均意愿支付水平为每头生猪饲料成本的6.69%(46.80元·头^-1)。健康意识中的健康关注程度对生猪规模养殖户环保饲料支付意愿具有正向促进作用,健康变化感知对其意愿支付水平的影响正向显著。通过主成分分析,健康意识整体上直接对规模养殖户环保饲料的支付意愿与意愿支付水平产生正向影响。而差异性分析也表明,在环保饲料支付意愿决策上,健康意识不同的规模养殖户群体间有明显差异。     

油浴热处理对竹材干缩性和力学性能的影响

为了探明竹材独特结构和油浴热处理对竹材干缩性和力学性能的协同影响，本研究以机油为导热介质对毛竹进行油浴热处理，分析了不同热处理温度（150、180、210℃）和不同处理时间（1、3、5 h）条件下竹材干缩性及力学性能的变化情况。结果表明：经过热处理后，竹材含水率和横向干缩率均有下降，表明高温热处理克服了竹材亲水性强和干缩性差的缺点。但是经过热处理后，竹材的力学性能总体呈下降趋势。在同样的热处理条件下，带青带黄竹材的物理力学性能均高于去青去黄竹材，说明保留竹材的竹青竹黄对热处理十分有利，且同时能提高竹材的利用率。     

直膨式太阳能热泵用于温室番茄根际-空气加温的试验研究

针对直膨式太阳能热泵所集热能利用率低,温室加温不足的问题,采用直膨式太阳能热泵为集热系统,根际-空气加温为放热系统,对大跨度主动蓄能型温室在不同天气仅根际加温和根际与空气同时加温的加温效果,集、放热系统运行性能,集热效率,热能利用率,节能率和集热系统的优化运行模式进行研究。结果表明:1)连续阴天和连续晴天,放热系统的热能利用率分别高于97.2%和92.7%;2)不同天气试验区的根际温度在17.9℃以上,比对照区高1.5℃,空气温度在11.6℃以上,比对照区高3.6℃,相对湿度在90.8%以下,比对照区低3.2%;3)不同天气整套系统的节能率R在47.2%以上,性能系数在1.9以上;4)不同天气集热系统均能在设定时间内达到设定集热温度目标,且其集热性能系数COPc在2.3以上,其集热效率在149.6%以上;5)9:30—11:30集热系统COPc随太阳辐射强度的增大,从1.4增大至3.0,11:30—14:50集热系统的集热性能系数均高于3.8,15:10以后,蓄热水池水温高于47℃时,集热性能系数由3.2最终降至0.8。该研究表明根际与空气结合的加温方式不仅提高了温室加温效果,还提高了热能利用率和直膨式太阳能热泵的集热性能。此外,根据集热条件调节集热系统的运行模式,可提高集热性能,达到温室加温节能的目的。     

Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.