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Ricardo S. Silva Adriano C. Tomaz Mayara C. Lopes Vânia M. Xavier Marcelo C. Picanço 《国际虫害防治杂志》2016,62(2):95-104
The use of botanical insecticides could be an alternative efficient pest management in Cucurbitaceae against melonworm Diaphania hyalinata and less harmful to its predator. Few studies jointly assess the efficiency of botanical insecticides, their effects on pest, and their effect on the natural enemy and target crop. Here we examine (1) their impact against the melonworm D. hyalinata, a key pest of Cucurbitaceae, (2) their toxicity to the predatory ant Paratrechina sp., and (3) their phytotoxicity to pumpkin plants. The botanical insecticides citronella oil and eucalyptus oil were highly toxic to D. hyalinata and they exhibited to be less harmful for the predatory ant Paratrechina sp. Andiroba oil, eucalyptus oil, garlic extract, and citronella oil caused feeding inhibition of the D. hyalinata larvae. Eucalyptus oil, andiroba oil, garlic extract, and rotenone inhibited the oviposition of D. hyalinata. None of the insecticides was phytotoxic to pumpkin plants. Eucalyptus oil and citronella oil have induced high mortality and altered the behavior of target pests. In addition, they were selective for the predator Paratrechina sp. and not exhibited phytotoxicity on pumpkin plants. Eucalyptus oil and citronella oil seem the most promising compounds for incorporation into melonworm management programs, because they induced high mortality and altered the behavior of target pests and were selective for the predator Paratrechina sp. 相似文献
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The repellency of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller)-containing products (5% aerosol and 8% cream) against mosquitoes was compared with those of citronella oil, geranium oil and deet, as well as three commercial repellents, Baby Keeper cream containing IR3535, MeiMei cream containing citronella and geranium oils, and Repellan S aerosol containing 19% N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) under laboratory and field conditions. In a laboratory study with female Aedes aegypti (L), fennel oil exhibited good repellency in a release-in-cage test and repellency in skin and patch tests of the oil was comparable with those of citronella and geranium oils. In paddy field tests with five human volunteers, 5% and 8% fennel oil-containing aerosol and cream produced 84% and 70% repellency, respectively, at 90 min after exposure, whereas Baby Keeper cream and MeiMei cream gave 71% and 57% repellency at 90 min after exposure, respectively, and Repellan S aerosol gave 89% repellency at 210 min. The species and ratio of mosquitoes collected were the genera Culex (44.1%), Anopheles (42.2%), Aedes (7.8%) and Armigeres (5.9%). Fennel oil-containing products could be useful for protection from humans and domestic animals from vector-borne diseases and nuisance caused by mosquitoes. 相似文献
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本文以‘美中红’番木瓜为试材,研究了热处理复合香茅精油处理对番木瓜果实采后保鲜效果及软化相关酶的影响,测定了贮藏过程中果实失重率、硬度、颜色、可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)、维生素C(Vc)和呼吸速率,还测定了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲酯酶(PE)、纤维素酶(CL)和β-半乳糖苷酶(β-GAL)等软化相关酶的活性。结果表明:热处理复合香茅精油处理可显著降低番木瓜果实病情指数和失重率,延缓果实硬度下降和颜色的转黄,提高果实中的TSS和Vc含量和果实固酸比,降低果实呼吸速率,延迟呼吸高峰的出现;复合处理可降低果实PG酶、PE酶和β-GAL酶活性,延迟PE酶峰值的出现,对CL酶活性影响不显著。可见,复合处理对番木瓜果实有较好的保鲜效果,复合处理延缓果实硬度下降与降低呼吸速率以及降低PG酶、PE酶和β-GAL酶活性密切相关。 相似文献
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B. R. Rajeswara Rao 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(2):99-103
Java citronella ( Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., Family: Poaceae) is a perennial, multiharvest aromatic grass, the shoot biomass of which, on steam distillation, yields an essential oil extensively used in fragrance and flavour industries. It has a long initial lag phase. To utilize the crop resources more efficiently during this lag phase, a field experiment was conducted for two years (1995–97) in semiarid tropical climate to explore the feasibility of intercropping food legumes and vegetables in Java citronella. Among food legumes, greengram ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilez.), and among vegetables, clusterbean ( Cyamopsis psoraloides D. C., syn. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and lady's finger ( Abelmoschus esculentus Moench.) as intercrops did not decrease the biomass yield, essential oil yield of Java citronella and produced bonus yields of these crops over and above that of Java citronella. Maximum monetary returns were recorded by Java citronella intercropped with tomato or greengram. Java citronella intercropped with redgram ( Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), horsegram ( Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verd. syn. Dolichos biflorus Roxb.) and brinjal ( Solanum melongena L.) suffered significant biomass and essential oil yield reductions. Horsegram proved to be the most competitive intercrop producing least yields and minimum monetary returns. 相似文献
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M. Singh R. S. Ganesha Rao E. V. S. Prakasa Rao 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,177(1):61-64
A field expenment was conducted during 1992–94 at CIMAP, Field Station, Bangalore, India to study the effect of depth (25, 37.5 and 50 mm) and methods (Ridge and furrow and Broad Bed and furrow method) of irrigation and nitrogen levels (0, 200 and 400 kg N ha−1 year−1 ) on herb and oil yields of Java citronella. At the highest level of N application (400 kg N ha−1 year−1 ) ridge and furrow method was better suited for irrigating citronella. However, under lower N levels (0 and 200 kgN ha−1 year−1 ), as much as 30 % water can be saved by the broad bed and furrow method. The results have shown that highest herb and oil yields of citronella were achieved with the application of 400 kg N and maintaining 25 mm depth of irrigation. Content and quality of oil were not affected either by irrigation or nitrogen. 相似文献
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