Real-time RT-qPCR assay to detect sequences in the Piscine orthoreovirus-1 genome segment S1 associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon

During the last decade, Piscine orthoreovirus was identified as the main causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic Salmon, Norway. A recent study showed that PRV-1 sequences from salmonid collected in North Atlantic Pacific Coast (NAPC) grouped separately from the Norwegian sequences found in Atlantic Salmon diagnosed with HSMI. Currently, the routine assay used to screen for PRV-1 in NAPC water and worldwide cannot differentiate between the two groups of PRV-1. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay to target the PRV-1 genome segments specific for variants associated with HSMI. The assay was optimized and tested against 71 tissue samples collected from different regions including Norway, Chile and both coast of Canada and different hosts farmed Atlantic Salmon, wild Coho Salmon and escaped Atlantic Salmon collected in British Columbia, West Coast of Canada. This assay has the potential to be used for screening salmonids and non-salmonids that may carry PRV-1 potentially causing HSMI.     

冠心病血瘀证与血液检验相关指标分析

目的 探讨冠心病血瘀证与血液相关检验指标的关系。方法 选择175例冠心病患者，其中血瘀证组112例，非血瘀证组63例。研究对象均在住院次日清晨平躺测量血压，空腹状态下抽取静脉血液留置标本，检测血常规和血脂、血糖、肾功能等生化指标，记录患者吸烟史。比较两组患者指标的差异性。结果 血瘀证组患者的血常规中红细胞分布宽度-CV值（Rdw-cv）、红细胞分布宽度-SD值（Rdw-sd）、血小板分布宽度（Pdw）、血小板平均体积（Mpv）、血小板比积（Pct）、大型血小板比率（P-lct）均明显高于非血瘀证组（P<0.01，P<0.05）；血瘀证组患者载脂蛋白B（ApoB）、血脂总胆固醇（TC）均明显高于非血瘀证组（P<0.01，P<0.05）；血瘀证组中患者吸烟率明显高于非血瘀证组（P<0.05）。结论 冠心病血瘀证组患者Rdw-cv、Rdw-sd、Pdw、Mpv、Pct、P-lct、TC、ApoB及烟率均明显高于非血瘀证组，差异具有统计学意义，故以上指标可以作为冠心病血瘀证中医辨证分型的客观临床指标。     

附子-甘草对离体蛙心的影响及其指纹图谱研究

目的 研究附子-甘草合煎液和混合液对离体蛙心的影响及其物质基础。方法 通过离体蛙心实验观察附子-甘草合煎液和混合液对离体正常蛙心和心衰蛙心功能的影响，应用高效液相色谱法建立并测定附子-甘草煎液的HPLC指纹图谱。结果 附子-甘草合煎液与混合液的强心作用有差别；附子与甘草配伍后其指标成分的含量发生了明显变化，且合煎液与混合液的成分变化差别显著。结论 附子-甘草合煎液和混合液对离体蛙心的作用及其指纹图谱均不一致。     

Effects of cardiac contractility modulation on ventricular electrical remodeling in rabbits with chronic heart failure

AIM: To investigate the effects of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) on ventricular electrical remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure. METHODS: The rabbits were divided into sham group, heart failure(HF) group and HF+ CCM group. The rabbit model of chronic heart failure was established by ligating the ascending aortic root. Then electrical stimulations during the absolute refractory period were delivered lasting 6 h everyday for 4 weeks in rabbits of HF+ CCM group. The QTc and ventricular effective refrective period (VERP) were recorded. The protein and mRNA levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and connexin 43 (Cx43) were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, QTc were significantly prolonged in HF rabbits at week 12 (P<0.05). CCM therapy shortened QTc of rabbits with heart failure at week 16 (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, VERP significantly increased in HF group and HF+ CCM group, while CCM therapy shortened VERP of rabbits with heart failure at week 16 (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 were decreased in HF group and HF+ CCM group (P<0.05). However, CCM therapy restored the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 of rabbits with heart failure (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CCM suppresses ventricular electrical remodeling in heart failure and the underlying mechanism may be associated with increasing Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 expression.     

Effect of relative humidity at either acute or chronic moderate temperature on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites of broilers

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of relative humidity(RH) at either acute or chronic moderate ambient temperature(Ta) on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites of broilers.Two experiments were conducted: effect of RH(35,60 or 85%) on average daily feed intake(ADFI) and droppings' corticosterone metabolites at acute(1 d: 20–26 or 31–20°C,26 or 31°C for 6 h d–1 at 10:00–16:00) moderate Ta(experiment 1) and effect of RH(35,60 or 85%) on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites at chronic(step-wisely increasing temperature by 3°C every 3 d from 20 to 32°C within 15 d: 20–23–26–29–32°C) moderate Ta(experiment 2).Droppings were collected at the 2,4,6,8,and 22 h after Ta-RH controlled in experiment 1 and at the 2,4,6,and 22 h after Ta controlled to 32°C in experiment 2.The results showed that: 1) In experiment 1,85% RH increased(P0.05) the droppings' corticosterone metabolites at the 2,6,8,and 22 h and 35% RH increased(P0.05) it at the 2 and 22 h compared to the 60% RH.Moreover,85% RH further increased(P0.05) it compared to the 35% RH,however,no difference(P0.05) was found in ADFI among the three RH groups at acute moderate 26°C; 35 and 85% RH increased(P0.05) droppings' corticosterone metabolites at the 2,6,8 and 22 h and decreased(P0.05) ADFI compared to the 60% RH,moreover,85% RH further increased(P0.05) droppings' corticosterone metabolites and further decreased(P0.05) ADFI compared to the 35% RH at acute moderate 31°C; and the average of droppings' corticosterone metabolites in the whole period had a negative correlation(P0.02) with the ADFI.2) In experiment 2,85% RH increased(P0.01) droppings' corticosterone metabolites only at the 2 h and decreased(P0.02) ADFI and average daily gain(ADG) compared to the 60% RH,no difference(P0.05) in droppings' corticosterone metabolites was found between the 35 and 60% RH,however,35% RH decreased(P0.01) ADG compared to the 60% RH,and the average of droppings' corticosterone metabolites in the whole period also had a negative correlation(P0.02) with ADFI and ADG.In conclusion,droppings' corticosterone metabolites could be used as a RH stress index and low and high RH,especially high RH,reduced growth performance possibly through inducing RH stress at moderate temperature.     

国医大师孙光荣论“中医优势病种”

系统介绍孙光荣教授有关“中医优势病种”的论述。“中医优势病种”是指中医治疗疗效确切、药物毒副作用相对较小的病种；或西医治疗尚未有好方法、好疗效，但中医却能明显改善某个症状的病种；以及艾滋病、非典等传染性疾病。“中医优势病种”主要包含病毒感染性疾病、功能失调性疾病、疾病缓解期或慢性期、原因不明的各类疾病、病情复杂的疑难杂症以及疾病的综合调理等方面。     

心痛泰对冠心病大鼠肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统及血管重塑的调控作用

目的 从肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统切入，探讨心痛泰对冠心病血管重塑的调控作用。方法 将95只SD大鼠随机抽取17只为正常组，其余78只采用喂饲高脂饲料并腹腔注射垂体后叶素的方法制备冠心病大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组，心痛泰低、中、高剂量组和卡托普利组。各组分别予相应的药物灌胃，正常组和模型组以同等体积的蒸馏水灌胃，每日1次，连续28 d。采用HE染色观察大鼠冠状动脉病理变化，ELISA法检测大鼠血浆肾素（PRA）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD）的含量。结果 治疗4周后，与冠心病模型组比较，心痛泰低、中、高剂量组和卡托普利组心脏指数、左心室质量指数、右心室质量指数降低，冠状动脉管壁变薄，管壁厚度/管腔直径、管壁面积/管腔面积降低，血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD水平下降（P<0.05）。心痛泰中、高剂量组和卡托普利组各项指标组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 心痛泰可调节肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统，延缓甚至逆转心血管重构，从而改善冠心病大鼠心肌供血和心功能，且心痛泰中、高剂量组疗效优于低剂量组。     

从“久卧伤气”探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并坠积性肺炎发病机制

长期卧床的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）患者，痰液等分泌物易阻塞于呼吸道，甚则肺部形成瘀血，极易引发坠积性肺炎。中医认为“久卧伤气”，气伤则虚、气伤痰阻、气伤血瘀，终致痰瘀互结。COPD患者肺、脾、肾虚，痰瘀交阻，久卧于床则加重三脏之虚，痰瘀益甚而合并坠积性肺炎。故从COPD并发坠积性肺炎的中医病机出发，深入剖析“久卧伤气”与COPD并发坠积性肺炎的关系，以期为临床诊疗提供理论基础。