低聚糖对雏鸡大肠粪便NH3-N含量及肠道菌群的影响

试验选取1日龄罗曼蛋公雏250只，随机分为5组，试验组饲料或饮水中分别添加海藻糖(500mg／kg)、海藻胶(600mg／kg)、大豆寡糖(500mg／kg)、圆葱寡糖(500mg/d)。结果表明，四种低聚糖均可促进肠道乳酸菌及双歧杆菌的生长繁殖，对魏氏梭菌的生长呈现抑制作用。海藻糖、海藻胶对降低大肠粪便NH3—N含量效果不显著(P＞0．05)，而大豆寡糖效果显著(P＜0．05)，圆葱寡糖效果极显著(P＜0.01)。     

不同寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群和免疫器官指数的影响

为研究含糖量相同(0.015%)的不同种类寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群和免疫机能的影响,本试验选用150只健康的1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡(公母各半),随机分为5个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组为分别在基础日粮添加果寡糖组(FOS)、甘露寡糖组(MOS)、低聚异麦芽糖组(GOS)、低聚木糖组(XOS),试验期为42d。试验结果表明:42日龄时,低聚木糖组对肠道菌群的改善效果最好;寡糖极显著提高了胸腺指数(P<0.01),且低聚木糖组极显著提高了法氏囊指数(P<0.01)。     

The Effect of Levels of α-Galactosidase Enzyme on Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Based on Corn and Soybean Meal

A study was conducted with male chicks of a commercial broiler strain to evaluate the effects of different dosage levels of a commercial α-galactosidase enzyme. Diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal to meet the nutrient standards of top poultry companies. The positive control diet was formulated with no adjustment in the ME content of the soybean meal associated with enzyme supplementation. The negative control diet was formulated assuming a 10% improvement in the ME of the soybean meal. The negative control diet was supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 g of enzyme per kilogram of soybean meal to provide for 0, 45, 90, 135, or 180 galactosidase units (GALU)/kg of soybean meal. Each of the test diets was fed in mash form to 8 replicate pens of 30 birds. Body weight, feed efficiency, mortality, and calorie conversion were determined at 14, 35, and 42 d of age. Body weight, feed efficiency, and mortality were not significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. Birds fed the negative control with no enzyme supplement were numerically reduced in body weight or feed efficiency as compared with the control diet; however, addition of the enzyme was without benefit. When unadjusted energy values were analyzed, birds fed the negative control diet were more efficient in calorie conversion, but this finding was unrelated to enzyme addition, suggesting that diet composition was responsible for the differences in calorie utilization. When adjusted energy values were compared, birds fed the negative control tended to have higher (less efficient) calorie conversion than those fed the positive control with little or no indication of improvement from the addition of the α-galactosidase enzyme. Results of this study show no benefit from the addition of the enzyme used in this trial.     

双峰驼精清及其活性组分凝集素寡糖的初步研究

应用植物血凝素与寡糖结构相同或相似的糖复合物专一凝集的原理与方法,结合小鼠排卵试验,间接观察了公驼精清及其经ＤＥ－５２离子交换层析和高效液相层析提取分离的活性组分的蛋白组成。结果表明,公驼精清内糖蛋白含有２种以上的寡糖,其内的活性组分及诱导排卵因子与所试植物血凝素不发生反应     

几种壳聚糖降解方法探讨

壳聚糖经降解后的低聚壳聚糖和壳寡糖具有优异的生理活性.本文着重介绍了壳聚糖降解方法中化学降解法、物理降解法和酶降解法,以及由这3种降解法派生出的一些适合实际生产的复合降解法,并对其工业化生产的可行性和品质优劣进行了探讨.     

干旱胁迫下壳寡糖对玉米叶片叶绿素含量、含水量及保护酶活性的影响

以玉米为研究对象,设置壳寡糖和清水（对照）2个处理,研究了在干旱胁迫下外施壳寡糖对玉米叶片叶绿素含量、含水量及叶片保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性的影响。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,壳寡糖处理和对照均使玉米叶片中叶绿素含量表现为先上升后下降的趋势,但壳寡糖处理叶绿素含量由断水后第7天的30.7 mg/g 提高到断水后第15天的32.4 mg/g ,而对照则由断水后第7天的27.4 mg/g下降至21.4 mg/g;壳寡糖处理和对照的叶片相对含水量在断水后均呈下降趋势,但壳寡糖处理在断水第15天较对照增加16.2％,此时对照表现为萎焉（叶片含水量52.4％）,壳寡糖处理则生长正常,外施壳寡糖具有减缓 SOD、POD、CAT活性下降的作用。综合分析认为,外施壳聚糖可提高玉米对干旱的抵抗能力。     

cDNA cloning and characterization of the warm-temperature-acclimation-associated protein Wap65 from carp, Cyprinus carpio

We determined full-length cDNA of carp warm-temperature-acclimation-associated 65-kDa protein (Wap65). It encoded 439 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 22 residues and showed an amino acid sequence identity of 88% to that of goldfish reported before (J. Biol. Chem. 1995. 270: 17087–17092). The number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites of carp Wap65 was two in contrast to three for goldfish. In addition, molecular mass determined by SDS-PAGE was apparently different from that of goldfish. These results suggest that the amount of oligosaccharide is different between the carp and goldfish protein. As in goldfish, carp Wap65 mRNA showed marked accumulation in hepatopancreas of the 30 °C- acclimated fish, which was 8-fold higher than that of the 10 °C-acclimated fish. Carp Wap65 showed 30% amino acid identity to mammalian hemopexins, which appeared to be considerably low in comparison with those among mammalian hemopexins (72 to 80%), or among carp Wap65 and rainbow trout hemopexin-like protein (70%). However, although mammalian hemopexins contain residues comprising the heme binding pocket, carp Wap65 lacked one of the two histidine residues to serve as heme axial ligands in hemopexins. Our data on carp protein substantiates the previous observation for goldfish and indicates that Wap65 might have some important functions in warm-temperature-acclimation of fish.     

壳寡糖衍生物对烟草花叶病的田间防效试验

测定了壳寡糖、宁南霉素、水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱、5-溴水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱、水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯、5-溴水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯对烟草花叶病的抑制效果,结果表明:这些药剂对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)均具有一定的诱导抗病效应,其中以5-溴壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯药剂的防治效果较好。     

不同分子量壳寡糖对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗抗病酶活性影响的研究

采用平均分子量分别为3000、5000、10000的0.3%(w/v)壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子并对处理过的种子进行发芽试验和幼苗抗病酶活性的测定。结果表明:三种不同分子量壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子,均可以提高黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并且提高了幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白的含量。增强了幼苗的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,诱导了病程相关蛋白(即,几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶)的表达。其中,以平均分子量为10000的壳寡糖对种子活力及幼苗的生长和抗病酶活性的影响最好,其发芽指数和活力指数分别比对照提高了32.64%、60.47%;苗高、可溶性蛋白含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性分别比对照提高了20.98%、33.80%、43.17%、15.73%、26.41%。     

啤酒酵母甘露聚糖的提取及其对鸡肠道微生物区系的影响

研究了甘露聚糖复合物的提取技术,确立了该复合物的制备工艺,分析了甘露聚糖的化学组成.结果表明,该复合物是含蛋白质的多糖,其蛋白质的氨基酸组成具有明显的特征性,苏氨酸和丝氨酸的含量较高,而蛋氨酸相对较少.在饲料中添加MOS饲喂雏鸡至第10日,可使粪便中的大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P＜0.05),而乳杆菌数量极显著提高(P＜0.01).