‘72杨’韧皮部的构造与理化性能

将‘72杨’、杉木和毛竹的木质部进行对比试验,观察并测试‘72杨’韧皮部的解剖构造以及理化特性,为其高值化利用提供基础数据。使用场发射环境扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等设备和NREL标准对‘72杨’韧皮部的微观结构、结晶度、化学成分等物化性质进行测定与分析。研究结果表明,‘72杨’韧皮部中韧皮薄壁细胞和筛管分子占细胞总面积的(81.9±1.8)%,结构相对简单。‘72杨’韧皮部气干密度为0.358 g/cm3,绝干密度为0.321 g/cm3;而木质部的相应密度较高,分别为0.497和0.482 g/cm3;‘72杨’韧皮部结晶度仅为19.4%,比木质部低8.7%。‘72杨’韧皮部纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的含量分别为28.7%,11.1%,24.1%,均低于木质部中相应成分的含量,且木质化程度低,半纤维素以木糖为主。此外,由红外谱图发现‘72杨’韧皮部含有单宁、酚类、胼胝质等物质。‘72杨’韧皮部具有低密多孔、结构疏松、结晶度低、木质素含量低、抽提物含量高等特点。因此,‘72杨’韧皮部特别有利于机械(能耗低)或化学(抗降解屏障低)降解以及物化改性(多孔、可及性强),可提取酚类、单宁、胼胝质等物质用于工业应用,研究结果可为‘72杨’韧皮部的高值化利用提供重要的理论依据。     

古泰山女儿茶考述

泰山女儿茶,是中国古代北方茶区的特色。笔者在对泰山女儿茶的古籍文献进行梳理的基础上,探究了泰山女儿茶的植物种类,并为"《红楼梦》中提到的女儿茶是泰山女儿茶"这一观点提供了论据。     

切花菊‘白扇’开放式组培快繁体系的建立

以切花菊‘白扇’的带腋芽茎段为外植体,以次氯酸钠为表面消毒剂,确定最佳的消毒浓度及消毒时间;以山梨酸钾、次氯酸钠和代森锰锌为抑菌剂,确定开放式初代、继代和生根培养基中抑菌剂的最佳组合,建立开放式组培快繁体系。试验结果表明：外植体最佳消毒条件为0.1%（V/V）次氯酸钠消毒15 min;在初代培养基中,抑菌剂最佳组合为50 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,该组合的污染率较低,为36.7%。开放式培养中芽的生长情况、诱导率均无显著差异;在继代增殖和生根培养阶段,抑菌剂的最佳组合为40 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,芽的增殖系数和生根率较高,分别为5.93%、80.0%,芽生长良好,与常规组培无明显差异。     

Factor Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fruit Quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ Melons

【Objective】The aim of this study was to identify the typical indices of fruit quality and high quality materials of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons to provide reference and basis for melon quality evaluation and breeding. 【Method】Eighteen indices, including economic trait and flesh quality of fruits from 6 cultivars and 26 high-generation inbred lines of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons were determined. Based on factor analysis, stepwise regression, correlation analysis and two-dimension ordination map, the typical indices of fruit quality and high quality materials were identified. 【Result】 Among the 18 indices, single fruit mass, hardness, vitamin C (V_C) content, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio and solid acid ratio showed greater variability, and the variation coefficients were more than 20%. However, the variability of fruit transverse diameter, flesh thickness rate and pH were relatively lower and the variation coefficients were less than 10%. Three common factors were extracted from economic trait indices with 87.71% cumulative variance contribution rate and the explanatory indices were fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit shape index, fruit cavity longitudinal diameter, fruit cavity transverse diameter and flesh thickness rate. From quality indices, 4 common factors were extracted with 90.03% cumulative variance contribution rate and the explanatory indices were V_C content, hardness, total soluble solids content, total sugar content, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio. Based on the comprehensive analysis of these selected 6 economic trait indices and 7 flesh quality indices, 5 common factors were extracted with 87.35% cumulative variance contribution rate. According to the correlation among the indices and the principle of simplicity and ease of use and avoidance of overlapping information, 5 indices, including fruit longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness rate, hardness, total sugar content and titratable acid content, could be used as typical indices to evaluate the fruit quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons. The comprehensive quality score of all materials were ranked depended on scores and variance contribution rate of the above 5 common factor and two-dimension ordination map. Finally, 10 materials were selected as high quality materials. 【Conclusion】 Fruit longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness rate, hardness, total sugar content and titratable acid content could be used as typical indices to evaluate fruit quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons. Inbred lines 25, 24, 22, 21, 8, 1, 17, 18, 20 and 23 were high quality materials.     

泰州市稻田综合种养产业发展分析及建议

系统阐述了泰州市稻田综合种养产业的发展现状,包括分布区域、经营主体、种养模式等,统计了不同种养模式的应用面积、产量及收益,对稻田综合种养及常规稻麦种植两种模式下的经济效益进行了对比。结果表明,稻田综合种养模式能显著提高土地利用率,促进当地农业增效和农民增收。通过对稻田综合种养模式推广应用过程中的比较优势以及存在问题进行系统分析,提出了针对性的解决措施和建议。     

中国不同地区‘富士’苹果品质评价

【目的】确定‘富士’苹果核心品质指标,建立‘富士’苹果品质综合评价模型。【方法】从河北、河南、辽宁、宁夏、山东、山西、陕西、新疆等8个苹果主产省（区）68个市（县）的代表性果园采集176份‘富士’苹果样品进行品质测定,共测定单果重、带皮硬度、去皮硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、山梨醇含量、葡萄糖含量、果糖含量、蔗糖含量、甜度、固酸比、糖酸比、甜酸比等15项指标。通过主成分分析和聚类分析法确定‘富士’苹果核心品质指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,采用灰色关联度法建立‘富士’苹果品质综合评价模型。【结果】不同产区间‘富士’苹果品质指标存在差异性,新疆‘富士’苹果硬度、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、山梨醇含量、果糖含量、蔗糖含量、甜度值等8项品质指标均高于其他省（区）‘富士’苹果。维生素C含量、山梨醇含量、蔗糖含量和甜酸比的变异系数均大于30%,可溶性糖含量的变异系数最小（仅为9.8%）。‘富士’苹果某些品质指标间存在极显著的相关性,可滴定酸含量与固酸比、糖酸比之间相关系数分别为-0.844、-0.854,果糖和甜度值之间相关系数达0.963,固酸比与糖酸比之间相关系数为0.941。通过主成分分析和聚类分析,确定单果重（X₁）、去皮硬度（X₂）、可滴定酸含量（X₃）、固酸比（X₄）和果糖含量（X₅）为‘富士’苹果核心品质指标。通过灰色关联度法建立了‘富士’苹果品质综合评价模型Y=0.2601X₁+0.1378X₂+0.0819X₃+0.2601X₄+0.2601X₅。【结论】单果重、去皮硬度、可滴定酸含量、固酸比和果糖含量为‘富士’苹果核心品质指标,以其建立的评价模型可用于‘富士’苹果品质的综合评价。     

文旅融合背景下西北地方文献建设研究

[目的/意义]地方文献是重要的文化资源,地方文献的收藏、整理、再造,是对历史文化的传承,也是推动地方文化建设、提升民众文化生活质量的必然要求。[方法/过程]概述上海图书馆“从武康路出发”的实践,总结地方文献资源和文旅融合的经验。对西北五省区省级公共图书馆地方文献资源数据库进行调查,分析文献收藏特点和不足之处。[结果/结论]根据调研结果从加强地方文献资源的收集整理、深入挖掘地方文献资源、加大地方文献资源的宣传力度、开展广泛的合作等方面提出建设思路。     

广东梅州柑橘黄龙病和病毒病的发生调查及其黄龙病菌原噬菌体多样性

【目的】调查柑橘黄龙病（Huanglongbing,HLB）和病毒病在广东省梅州市柑橘主产区的危害情况,分析该地区柑橘黄龙病菌（CLas）的原噬菌体多样性。【方法】以16S rDNA为模板设计引物,利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR)检测梅州市不同抽检地在2017—2019年3年间柑橘黄龙病的发病情况;同时分别采用已报道的柑橘衰退病毒（Citrus tristeza virus,CTV）、柑橘裂皮病毒（Citrus exocortis viroid,CEVd）、柑橘褪绿矮缩病毒（Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus,CCDaV）、柑橘碎叶病毒（Citrus tatter leaf virus,CTLV）和柑橘黄脉病毒（Citrus yellow vein clearing virus,CYVCV）的特异性检测引物,提取样品的RNA,反转后以样品的cDNA为模板,通过普通PCR的方法分析梅州市抽检地区柑橘病毒病的发生情况。此外,以基于2种原噬菌体类型（SC1和SC2）对应的超变异基因区域设计的2对引物（Lap-TJ-F/Lap-TJ-R1和Lap-TJ-F/Lap-TJ-R2）,运用普通PCR方法分析该地区CLas菌株原噬菌体的遗传多样性。【结果】除2018年9月梅州大浦顺兴公司蜜柚基地的抽检样品外,梅州市其他被检地区均发现CLas。总体来说,梅州市的脐橙CLas检出率为55.3%,蜜柚为61.5%,沙田柚为61.7%。其中2017年采集自平原县大拓镇的蜜柚和沙田柚样品CLas检出率为100%,兴宁市白马镇的蜜柚为100%,沙田柚为80%;其他抽检地区的样品CLas检出率在16.7%—83.3%。虽然梅州市部分地区的检出率较高,但其病原菌的含量并不高,大部分处于柑橘黄龙病发病初、中期,属可防可控阶段;此外,梅州市柑橘病毒的总检出率不高,CTV、CTLV和CYVCV为梅州的主要病毒,CEVd和CCDaV没有检测到。CTV、CTLV和CYVCV在脐橙上的检出率依次为78.9%、7.9%和21.1%,蜜柚为15.4%、25.0%和9.6%,沙田柚为6.4%、2.1%和4.3%。基于Lap-TJ-F/Lap-TJ-R1和Lap-TJ-F/Lap-TJ-R2来研究CLas原噬菌体多样性的PCR扩增条带共有4种类型（SC1-1、SC1-2、SC2-1和SC2-2）,经过PCR电泳和测序得出,来自梅州市脐橙和沙田柚的CLas菌株以SC2-1型为主,蜜柚上以SC1-1型为主。【结论】梅州柑橘产区的柑橘黄龙病目前属于可防可控阶段,其病原菌菌株的原噬菌体在不同品种上具有其独特性;由于在抽检时发现有柑橘病毒病的存在,因此在种植过程中需加强种苗监管,同时应采取有效措施对柑橘黄龙病和柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri）进行绿色防控。     

Occurrence of prophage and historical perspectives associated with the dissemination of huanglongbing in mainland China

Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with a non-culturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a highly destructive citrus disease with a long but poorly documented history in China. No effective treatment for HLB is available. The identification of new prophages in abundant CLas genomic sequence data provides new insights into both the diversity of CLas strains and HLB management. In this study, CLas populations from nine provinces were surveyed for the presence of prophage. Two major prophage typing groups (PTGs) were discovered to be associated with two different altitude regions: strains of CLas in PTG1 from high altitude regions (HAR) mainly contained prophage Type 1 only or Types 1 and 3, whereas strains of CLas in PTG2 from low altitude regions (LAR) mainly contained prophage Type 2. The discovery of these CLas population patterns provides evidence for independent origins of HLB in HAR and LAR. Guangdong province is the generally recognized domestic region of origin for HLB and is primarily responsible for the dissemination of HLB in LAR through transport of seedlings. Both Yunnan and Sichuan provinces are the probable regions of origin for HLB in HAR. PTG2 was further divided into two subgroups: PTG2-1, found in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi and PTG2-2, found in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. These regions and prophage types are correlated with early and late introductions of HLB in LAR. These molecular analyses were supported by studying the history of the dissemination of HLB in historical documents.     

薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传分析

为研究薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传规律,利用4份材料做亲本构建4个杂交组合,观察并记录其F 1、F 2植株的性状特征和分离比例。结果显示,紫色柱头相对于白色为显性,各F 2群体植株的柱头颜色分离比皆符合3∶1比例,说明紫色柱头是由1对显性等位基因控制。