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1.
Heat stress in poultry is deleterious to productive performance. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental CGA on the intestinal health and cecal microbiota composition of young hens challenged with acute heat stress. 100-day-old Hy-line brown pullets were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (C) and heat stress group (HS) received a basal diet. HS + CGA300 group and HS + CGA600 group received a basal diet supplemented with 300- and 600-mg/kg CGA, respectively, for 2 weeks before heat stress exposure. Pullets of HS, HS + CGA300, and HS + CGA600 group were exposed to 38°C for 4 h while the control group was maintained at 25°C. In this study, dietary CGA supplementation had effect on mitigate the decreased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and the increasing of IL-1β and TNFα induced by acute heat stress. Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg CGA had better effect on increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, such as Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, and Christensenellaceae R-7_group, and deceasing bacteria genera involved in inflammation, such as Sutterella species. Therefore, CGA can ameliorate acute heat stress damage through suppressing inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity and cecal microbiota composition.  相似文献   
2.
The proximal caecum in quails consists of lymphoid and non‐lymphoid structures. The caecal tonsils in the proximal part of the caecum are units of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue in poultry. This study aimed to examine the histological characteristics of the proximal caecum, as well as compositions of dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in the caecal tonsil of quails. Tissue sections were stained with Crossman's triple, periodic acid–Schiff, Gordon and Sweet's silver, Congo red and methyl green‐pyronin dyes, as well as immunohistochemically by the streptavidin–biotin–peroxidase complex method. Caecal lymphoid tissue was located in the lamina propria and submucosa. Germinative centres were observed within the lymphoid tissue. Reticular fibres were mainly distributed in the border area of the germinal centre with only a few fibres scattered in the centre. Plasma cells were observed in the subepithelial region and germinal centres. Eosinophil granulocytes were prevalent in the lymphoid tissue. Additionally, CD83‐immunoreactive DCs and MHC class II immunoreactive APCs were present in the subepithelial area and diffuse lymphoid tissue. While DCs were seen in the germinal centres of tonsillar units, APCs were rarely present in the germinal centres, but they were noticed around the germinal centres. In conclusion, the histological structure of the proximal caecum in quails and the distributions of some immunological cells in the caecal tonsils were revealed. Therefore, the defensive role of the caecal tonsils in the digestive system may be better understood, and comparative studies may be carried out.  相似文献   
3.
彭娜  彭先启  乐敏 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(12):2942-2953
实验室条件下可培养的微生物约占自然界中微生物总数的1%,这限制了人们对99%未知微生物的认识和利用,而研究表明,那些“不可培养的微生物”是可以被开发和利用的,未能被纯培养的微生物才是未知微生物的主体。微生物培养组学探索利用多种培养条件和长时间的培养,结合基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF-MS)和16S核糖体RNA(rRNA)测序可以大规模鉴定各种微生物,同时利用全基因组测序和宏基因组测序手段对未知微生物进行深入分析。本文综述了国内外近年来微生物菌群培养组学在反刍动物胃肠道、禽类盲肠及家畜鼻腔微生物菌群研究中的最新进展,探讨将动物体内菌群培养组学方法应用于动物疾病防治领域的可行性。作为一个新兴的研究方法,尽管该培养组学还存在一些不够成熟的方面,但它的发展前景十分广阔,微生物菌群培养组学方法和其他研究方法的互补已经逐渐成为发展兽医微生物学新的突破口。  相似文献   
4.
本试验旨在研究酵母培养物(YC)对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及鸡蛋卫生指标的影响。选取2 304只210日龄的罗曼褐产蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复192只产蛋鸡。对照组(YC0组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组(YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组)分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%酵母培养物的试验饲粮。试验期9周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,YC0.4组和YC0.6组平均蛋重显著增加(P0.05),破蛋率显著降低(P0.05);YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组软蛋率显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,YC0.4组和YC0.6组蛋壳厚度显著增大(P0.05);YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组蛋黄颜色的亮度值显著降低(P0.05),黄度值显著升高(P0.05);YC0.6组蛋黄颜色的红度值显著升高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验第3、9周,YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组的蛋壳表面大肠菌群数量显著降低(P0.05);试验第3、6周,YC0.4组蛋壳表面细菌总数显著降低(P0.05)。4)对照组组相比,YC0.6组粗蛋白质、能量和干物质表观消化率显著提高(P0.05)。5)与对照组相比,YC0.2组、YC0.4组和YC0.6组盲肠乳酸杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加0.4%和0.6%的酵母培养物能够改善产蛋鸡蛋品质,提高饲料消化率;饲粮添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%酵母培养物均能够改善产蛋鸡的生产性能,减少大肠杆菌的数量,抑制盲肠中沙门氏菌的产生。综合考虑,产蛋鸡饲粮中酵母培养物适宜添加量为0.4%。  相似文献   
5.
本研究利用HE染色方法结合图像分析软件和数据统计软件,观察雏鸡不同生长发育阶段盲肠扁桃体的组织学发育过程和结构特征。结果显示:随着日龄的增长,盲肠扁桃体特征结构不断发育成熟,并在21日龄时基本达到成熟水平。21日龄时,盲肠扁桃体粘膜层中下部形成生发中心,其数目在35日龄时达到稳定。证实,鸡出壳后初期,盲肠扁桃体免疫功能迅速增强,并在35日龄时达到成熟水平。  相似文献   
6.
为研究胆酸钠促进山羊鼻腔相关扁桃体黏膜上皮吸收禽流感灭活病毒的形态学机制,经鼻腔接种胆酸钠和禽流感灭活病毒后,用组织学光镜和电镜制片技术研究山羊咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体上皮结构的变化以及灭活病毒的吸收情况。结果表明:单独应用灭活病毒后扁桃体黏膜上皮结构完整;而应用胆酸钠或胆酸钠配合灭活病毒后扁桃体中可观察到较多脱离黏膜上皮的细胞,脱落的细胞大部分是上皮细胞和淋巴细胞,上皮细胞间间隙增大,紧密连接被打开。应用胆酸钠配合灭活病毒后可观察到部分细胞内含有病毒的囊泡。鼻腔接种后第3天,应用胆酸钠的扁桃体黏膜上皮结构基本恢复,几乎没有观察到脱离上皮的细胞。结论:胆酸钠通过打开山羊鼻腔相关扁桃体黏膜上皮细胞之间的紧密连接来促进灭活病毒的吸收;虽然胆酸钠可引起部分上皮脱落,但这种副作用是短暂的并是可修复的。  相似文献   
7.
Reasons for performing study: Little is known about entry and subsequent multiplication of Streptococcus equi following exposure of a susceptible horse. This information would have value in design of intranasal vaccines and understanding of shedding and protective immune responses. Objectives: To determine entry points and sites of subsequent replication and dispersion of S. equi at different times after intranasal infection or commingling exposure. Methods: Previously unexposed horses and ponies were subjected to euthanasia 1, 3, 20 or 48 h following intranasal inoculation with biotin labelled or unlabelled S. equi CF32. Some ponies were inoculated with suspensions of equal numbers of CF32 and its mutants lacking capsule, S. equi M‐like protein or streptolysin S. Others were infected by commingling exposure and subjected to euthanasia after onset of fever. Tonsils and lymph nodes were cultured for S. equi and tissues sectioned for histopathological examination and fluorescent microscopy. Results: Tonsillar tissues of both the oro‐ and nasopharynx served as portals of entry. Entry was unexpectedly rapid but involved few bacteria. Small numbers of organisms were detected in tonsillar crypts, in adjacent subepithelial follicular tissue and draining lymph nodes 3 h after inoculation. By 48 h, clumps of S. equi were visible in the lamina propria. At onset of fever, tonsillar tissues and one or more mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were heavily infiltrated by neutrophils and long chains of extracellular S. equi. Mutant S. equi lacking virulence factors were not seen in draining lymph nodes. Conclusions: Although very small numbers of S. equi entered the lingual and nasopharyngeal tonsils, carriage to regional lymph nodes occurred within hours of inoculation. This observation, together with visual evidence of intracellular and extracellular multiplication of S. equi in tonsillar lymphoid tissue and lymph nodes over the following days, indicates involvement of potent antiphagocytic activity and failure of innate immune defences. Relevance: Future research should logically address the tonsillar immune mechanisms involved including identification of effector cell(s) and antigens.  相似文献   
8.
益生素对雏鸡肠道黏膜体液免疫与细胞免疫的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为了观察益生素对雏鸡肠道黏膜免疫的影响,将60只雏鸡随机分为益生素组和对照组,分别在灌服益生素后1,4,7,10和18 d,采集肠液、十二指肠派伊尔结和盲肠扁桃体,观测肠道黏膜抗体生成细胞数量、T细胞数量和肠液免疫球蛋白相对含量的变化,并在服用益生素后4 d对盲肠扁桃体的超微结构进行了常规透射电镜及扫描电镜观察。结果表明,在服用益生素后7 d,雏鸡肠液的IgA高于未服用益生素的对照雏鸡(P<0.01),十二指肠派伊尔结的IgG生成细胞数量在10 d、Ig M生成细胞数量在7 d明显高于对照组雏鸡(P<0.05),盲肠扁桃体弥散区的IgA生成细胞数量在7~10 d、IgG生成细胞数量在7 d、Ig M生成细胞数量在4~7 d明显高于对照组雏鸡(P<0.05);盲肠扁桃体的T淋巴细胞在雏鸡服用益生素后7 d明显高于对照组(P<0.01);盲肠扁桃体绒毛表面的微绒毛密度和长度在服用益生素后3 d也明显提高;随着雏鸡日龄增加,益生素的影响逐渐减弱。可见,益生素能够提高雏鸡生长初期的肠道黏膜免疫。  相似文献   
9.
本文介绍了竞争排斥的概念,并概述了其在控制禽沙门氏菌感染中的效果、作用机理和实际应用等方面的研究进展,并讨论了这一方法的主要优点及其在家禽生产及人医上的潜在应用前景。  相似文献   
10.
日粮锌、硒水平对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了探讨微量元素锌和硒相互作用对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响,将24只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分3组,分别饲喂添加有高锌高硒(锌1000mg/kg、硒5mg/kg)、低锌低硒(锌34mg/kg、硒0.08mg/kg)或常锌常硒(锌50mg/kg、硒0.15mg/kg)的日粮45d后,观察肠黏膜上皮细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构变化。结果表明:高锌高硒或低锌低硒组肉鸡的肠黏膜结构有明显的损伤,表现为肠黏膜上皮细胞萎缩,绒毛长度下降,上皮内淋巴细胞数量减少;盲肠扁桃体的弥散淋巴组织和淋巴小结中,淋巴细胞数量减少,细胞出现肿胀,有的核消失,结缔组织增生,淋巴小结萎缩。尤其是高锌高硒组的损伤最为严重。而常锌常硒组肉鸡肠黏膜和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构正常。结论:日粮中按锌50mg/kg、硒0.15mg/kg的比例添加,对于维持肠道黏膜的正常屏障结构是合适的。过高或过低的锌和硒对小肠黏膜有毒性作用,破坏其屏障功能;而且高锌和高硒可相互促进以增强其毒性作用。  相似文献   
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