Cuticular protein gene LmACP8 is involved in wing morphogenesis in the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

Cuticular proteins(CPs) are major components of the insect cuticle-associated organs such as integument and wings, although the importance of CPs for wing development and function in hemimetabolous insects remains understudied. In the present study, a wing cuticular protein LmACP8 was identified from Locusta migratoria, which belongs to the RR-2 subfamily of cuticular protein RR consensus(CPR) chitin-binding proteins. LmACP8 was mainly expressed in the wing pads and showed high expression levels before ecdysis of third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar nymphs, with its encoded protein located in the procuticle of wing pads and adult wings. Depletion of LmACP8 by RNA interference markedly reduced the amount of its protein, which consequently caused abnormal wing morphogenesis in the transition from nymph to adult of L. migratoria. We further demonstrated that the abnormal morphogenesis was caused by severe damage of the endocuticle in the wings. LmACP8 was suppressed by 20-hydroxyecdysone(20 E) in vivo, however, its expression was significantly up-regulated after knocking down the hormone receptor gene LmHR39. Thus, the LmACP8 that is negatively regulated by the LmHR39-mediated 20 E signaling pathway is involved in wing development during the nymph to adult transition.     

Proteomic analysis of soluble protein extract of adult Toxocara cati

Toxocara cati is a cat roundworm and the causative agent of toxocariasis as a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease. As no information has been reported so far, identification of T. cati proteins can be useful for the development of new diagnostic strategies. This study was conducted to identify the major proteins in the adult T. cati tegument using bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and shotgun proteomics. A total proteins were identified, among them the metabolic enzymes were the largest group, including: Enolase, triose phosphate isomerase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, aldehyde dehydrogenase. The other important protein groups recognized in T. cati, belong to the HSP-family, the structure and motor proteins, such as actin. The role of these proteins have been implicated in parasite–host interactions and modulating cellular immune response, immune regulation in evasion mechanisms of the host immune response. Characterizing T. cati adult proteins play a key role not only in host-parasite interactions, but also in the discovery of drug targets, subunit vaccines against toxocariasis, immunodiagnostic kits for toxocariasis and the identification of novel immuno-modulators that can form the next generation of therapeutic possibilities for inflammatory diseases.     

猪瘟病毒结构蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及评价

通过研究猪瘟(CSF)疫苗免疫猪抗结构蛋白E2、E0和C抗体的产生规律,为临床制定合理的CSF疫苗免疫程序提供参考。利用间接ELISA方法检测CSF疫苗免疫猪过程中,抗E2抗原血清抗体的产生特征;分别以重组猪瘟病毒(CSFV)结构蛋白E0和C为抗原,建立检测血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,评价其敏感性和特异性,并检测疫苗免疫过程中抗E0和C蛋白抗体的消长规律。结果显示:CSFV-E0和CSFV-C间接ELISA抗体检测方法的抗原最佳包被质量浓度分别为2.09和1.59μg/mL,待检血清样本最适稀释度分别为1∶60和1∶80,酶标二抗稀释度分别为1∶100和1∶350,2种ELISA方法与常见猪病原的阳性血清无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性。CSF疫苗免疫后第7天即可检测到抗E2、E0和C蛋白的抗体,其中抗E2和E0的抗体在免疫后第21天达到最高水平,E2抗体滴度先上升后下降,E0抗体在免疫后第21天开始下降并最终趋于稳定;C蛋白抗体在免疫后第7天出现,随后开始下降,在第28天转为阴性。结果表明,利用重组抗原建立的CSFV血清抗体ELISA检测方法,可以用于评价CSF疫苗免疫后血清中针对3种结构蛋白的抗体消长特点,从而为临床猪瘟疫苗免疫程序的制定提供参考。     

Pearl grafting: Tracking the biological origin of nuclei by straightforward immunological methods

French Polynesia is renowned for the production of Tahitian black pearl. These gems are obtained by grafting a nucleus into the gonad of a receiving oyster together with a graft, i.e. a small section of mantle tissue of a donor oyster. This procedure initiates the formation of a pearl sack around the nucleus, and subsequently, the deposition of concentric layers of nacre. The nucleus plays a key‐role in pearl formation and its characteristics influence markedly the quality of the final product. As it is manufactured from mollusc shells, it contains a small percentage of organics. In the present paper, we used a set of biochemical techniques to characterize and compare the organic matrices from two types of nuclei that are currently used in French Polynesia: that from the freshwater mussel Amblema sp., and that from the pearl oyster Pinctada sp. To this end, we extracted the matrices from nuclei and performed FT‐IR, monodimensional electrophoresis, and enzyme‐linked immuno‐sorbent assay (ELISA). Our data show that the matrix associated with Amblema nuclei has a very different biochemical signature from that of Pinctada nuclei, a fact that may explain the improved tolerance of grafted oysters to nuclei of Pinctada origin. In the absence of complex physical methods of investigation, simple immunological techniques and FT‐IR performed on the extracted organic matrix are extremely reliable and effective for discriminating nuclei from these two sources. We assert that such techniques can be used as a diagnostic test to track unambiguously the biological origin of nuclei to avoid fraud.     

鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG细胞壁蛋白的预测和功能分析

[目的]采用生物信息学方法预测鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG细胞壁蛋白和功能分析。[方法]以鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG基因组编码蛋白序列为研究对象,采用Phobius和Signal P 4.0软件分析该菌株的细胞壁蛋白,同时采用COG功能数据库对预测的细胞壁蛋白进行功能分析。[结果]鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG基因组中含有41个细胞壁蛋白,这些蛋白的功能分析结果显示,41个细胞壁蛋白中,25个蛋白没有功能注释,16个有功能注释,主要与细胞壁和细胞膜的生物合成,碳水化合物的代谢与转运,蛋白质的翻译后修饰等功能有关。[结论]该研究从结构和功能上分析鼠李糖乳杆菌细胞壁蛋白,为分析益生菌适应环境的分子特征打下基础。     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白

正小麦蓝矮病(Wheat blue dwarf,WBD)是我国西北麦区一种重要植原体病害,在我国西部地区危害严重。该病害由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus L.)专化性传播,介体传毒成为病害流行的重要中心环节[1]。本实验室前期通过免疫荧光标记研究发现WBD植原体免疫膜蛋白(immunodominant membrane protein, IMP)与介体异沙叶蝉肌动蛋白互作,说明IMP在植原体传播和致病过程中起关键作用。     

ABA及氟啶酮调控下冬小麦分蘖节抗寒相关蛋白的鉴定与分析

为了研究ABA调控下冬小麦在蛋白质水平上的抗寒分子机制，以强抗寒冬小麦品种东农冬麦1号为材料，在外源ABA及氟啶酮处理后，于大田自然降温至4 ℃和-25 ℃时取分蘖节进行蛋白质双向电泳分析。对各处理组的双向电泳结果进行软件分析可知，4 ℃下得到可匹配的蛋白点587个，-25 ℃下得到可匹配蛋白点394个。筛选后选择差异显著的24个蛋白点进行质谱分析, 经鉴定这些蛋白包括逆境蛋白（WCI16、LTR-Rbps、CORs）、代谢相关蛋白（PGAM、PGK、26sRP、ATPase-β、GST1、GST、GSTF5）、转录翻译相关蛋白（BTFs、 eIF4A、eIF5A）和未知蛋白。     

Fishmeal replacement by soybean,rapeseed and cottonseed meals in hybrid sturgeon Acipenser baerii ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂

A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RM) and cottonseed meal (CSM) on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser baerii ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂ (initial body weight, 8.63 ± 0.24 g). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated as follows: a control diet (FM60) containing 600 g/kg FM and four other diets (FM45, FM30, FM15 and FM0 containing 450, 300, 150 and 0 g/kg FM, respectively) where protein from FM was substituted by a mixture of SBM, RM and CSM. Fish fed FM0 and FM15 had poorer growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, lipid and gross energy, and fed FM0 had poorer hepatosomatic index and survival compared with the fish fed FM60. The whole body lipid in fish fed FM0 was significantly higher than that in fish fed FM60 and FM15. This study indicates that 300 g/kg of FM can be replaced with a mixture of SBM, RM and CSM in the diet of juvenile hybrid sturgeon without compromising growth performance, feed utilization and body composition.     

TMV侵染烟草的早期响应蛋白分析

为了完善烟草花叶病的预警防控体系,分析烟草感染烟草普通花叶病毒后的蛋白质组早期变化,筛选烟草的早期响应蛋白。[方法]采用iTRAQ技术分析了蛋白质组变化,采用qPCR技术检测基因的表达。[结果]蛋白质组分析发现160个差异表达蛋白质,包括有64个上调表达蛋白和96个下调表达蛋白,这些差异表达蛋白质主要与氧化还原平衡调节、RNA降解、叶绿体组成及光合作用、逆境胁迫响应有关；qPCR结果显示这些差异蛋白质的mRNA表达变化趋势与iTRAQ数据基本一致；及时施用抗病毒药剂(氨基寡糖素和吗胍.乙酸铜)和植物诱抗剂(盐酸吗啉胍和氮苷吗啉胍)能够预防和控制烟草花叶病的发生,但同时发现PR10、LHCB、POD、HSP90、14-3-3和AGO1等蛋白的表达也受到了影响。[结论]试验筛选出一些TMV感染相关的烟草早期响应蛋白,不仅有助于阐述烟草花叶病发生的机制,也可用于筛选新的抗病毒药剂和植物诱抗剂。