一种佐剂新材料在嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗浸泡免疫鲫中的应用效果

为研究蓖麻油聚乙二醇单酯葡萄糖苷(CPMG)在细菌灭活疫苗浸泡免疫中的佐剂作用,将CPMG和嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗联合施用,二次浸泡免疫异育银鲫后饲养在室内玻璃缸中,用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测加强免疫后2、4、7、11、14和21 d脾脏中Ig M、IL-1β、C3、C-凝集素和溶菌酶的m RNA表达量,首次免疫30 d后用同源菌株活菌攻击实验鱼;同时,用含CPMG、山莨菪碱复合佐剂的灭活疫苗浸泡免疫异育银鲫一次后饲养在池塘网箱中,定期抽取血液检测血清抗体效价并用同源菌株人工感染实验鱼。结果显示,CPMG佐剂组和无佐剂组的5个免疫相关基因的相对表达量显著高于对照组,CPMG组Ig M基因较无佐剂组更早表达,补体C3、C-凝集素以及溶菌酶的基因表达量更高或表达持续时间更长。血清抗体效价在免疫后2周达到160,6周达到峰值640,12周降低为40。室内玻璃缸中二次免疫30 d后,CPMG组的平均相对保护率达到70.6%,复合佐剂组达到88.2%,均显著高于无佐剂组的56.0%。池塘网箱中一次浸泡免疫30、60和120 d后,平均相对保护率分别为54.6%、44.0%和12.5%。研究表明,CPMG与嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗共同浸泡免疫异育银鲫,增强了脾脏中Ig M、IL-1β、C3、C-凝集素以及溶菌酶基因表达,提高了异育银鲫抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力。     

蓖麻籽冷态压榨过程保压时间与出油率的关系及其曲线拟合

蓖麻籽是一种重要的高含油(约50%)、高含蛋白(约20%)和低含水(约8%)工业油料。采用液压压榨时,保压时间是影响其出油率的重要因素。本文利用微型直筒式压榨试验装置,在压榨压力25 MPa、压榨速度2.2 mm/s下,开展了蓖麻籽冷态压榨制油保压试验。在分析出油率随保压时间的变化规律的基础上,得到合理的保压时间为20 min;拟合得到保压时间与出油率经验模型及参数,平均相对误差为6.75%,为油料压榨操作条件的优化建立了基础。     

用蓖麻油合成聚氨酯乳液的研究

以蓖麻油与聚醚（N210，Mn=1000)、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）为主要原料，以二乙烯三胺、环氧氯丙烷、马来酸酐等为亲水单体，通过丙酮法制得了稳定的水性聚氨酯乳液。探讨了聚合反应的机理，研究了亲水单体含量对聚氨酯乳液的粘度、稳定性、乳液成膜的干燥时间以及胶膜的耐水性的影响。结果表明，当亲水单体环氧氯丙烷和马来酸酐含量为18.0%时，可以制得稳定的含蓖麻油的水性聚氨酯乳液，并且胶膜具有良好的耐水性。     

蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫的防治作用研究

通过应用不同浓度的蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫防治作用的研究，结果表明，蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫二龄幼虫和卵的孵化均有明显防治作用。蓖麻叶水提取液浓度为100g/L处理48h，花生根结线虫校正死亡率为81．25％，致死中浓度（LD50）为25．96g/L。蓖麻叶水提取液25g/L时处理10d对卵孵化抑制率达59．86％。     

浅析中国蓖麻产业化发展前景

摘要：分析我国蓖麻产业化发展优势潜力、现有基础、有利条件和发展前景。提出了有利于我国蓖麻产业化发展前景的策略和建议，将为政府决策，加大力度开发新能源作物，实现蓖麻产业化发展，出口创汇，农业增收，农民增效，改善生态环境，提供参考和借鉴。     

中国蓖麻产业现状与发展建议

分析了中国蓖麻产业与蓖麻科学研究的现状,指出蓖麻产业存在的问题,提出今后发展的建议,为实现我国蓖麻产业的可持续发展提供依据。     

棉籽和蓖麻籽的冷榨试验与数值模拟

探讨棉籽和蓖麻籽植物油料的冷榨应力-应变关系、应力-压缩比关系以及加载速率对应力-应变关系和应力-压缩比关系的影响，探讨临界压榨压力选取问题。进行了棉籽和蓖麻籽冷榨试验，采用川北方程建立双曲线型应力-应变模型和压缩比的理论计算模型。研究表明，加载速率对油料破碎应力、应变以及应力-应变关系有影响，速率越大，破碎应力和应变越大；棉籽和蓖麻籽的模拟结果与实测值比较吻合。根据压缩比变化率及其斜率曲线近似确定出棉籽和蓖麻籽工程临界压榨压力分别为70 MPa和100 MPa。     

Response of broiler finishers to diets containing graded levels of processed castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal

A 4‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal on the performance of broiler finishers. Castor oil bean seeds were dehulled and detoxified by cooking in two stages at 100 °C for 50 min per cooking. Sixty 6‐week‐old broiler birds (Anak strain) were randomly divided into four groups of 15 birds each. The groups were fed four isocaloric (2.90 Mcal of metabolizable energy/kg) and isonitrogenous (21% crude protein) diets containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% dehulled and cooked castor oil bean meal (CBM) for 4 weeks. Results showed that there were significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in average daily feed intake, final body weight, average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Birds fed diets containing 0% and 10% CBM had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest feed intake was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The highest ADWG was observed in birds fed 0% CBM diet, but this was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the ADWG of birds on 10% CBM diet. Birds fed diets containing10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and non‐significant (p > 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had the least (p < 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar FCR and this was significantly (p < 0.05) lower and better than that of birds on 20% CBM diet. The least (p < 0.05) PER was observed in birds fed 20% CBM diet. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher packed cell volume (PCV) than birds on 10% and 15% CBM diets. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar (p > 0.05) PCV values. Birds fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and significantly (p < 0.05) lower heamoglobin than birds fed 20% CBM diets. There were also significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in dry matter (DM), nitrogen, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) retention. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE than birds on 10%, 15% and 20% CBM diets. Birds fed 10% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher DM, nitrogen and NFE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher EE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest EE retention was observed at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The results of the study indicate that up to 10% dehulled and cooked CBM can be included in broiler finisher rations for optimum performance.     

亚麻、蓖麻和大麻浸提液对SCN化感作用的研究

利用亚麻、蓖麻和大麻三种植物不同器官浸提液对SCN卵和J2的室内毒力进行了测定,结果表明亚麻根提取物显著促进胞囊孵化,且对SCNJ2毒杀效果最好;同一植物根提取物对SCNJ：毒杀效果随着浓度的增大而增强。     

蓖麻油聚氨酯丙烯酸酯复合乳液的研制

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与蓖麻油水性聚氨酯共聚反应制备蓖麻油聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(CPUA)复合乳液,研究了蓖麻油添加量、MMA添加量和引发剂种类对合成CPUA复合乳液及涂膜性能的影响,并应用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)测定反应产物的结构.研究发现随着蓖麻油和MMA添加量增大,CPUA复合乳液胶粒平均粒径增大,粘度减小,涂膜光泽度下降,机械性能和耐水性增强,确定了合适的蓖麻油和MMA含量,分别为体系总固体质量的20%～25%和20%～30%.采用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)和过硫酸钾(KPS)复合引发剂可提高单体的转化率;性能测试表明,本研究合成的CPUA复合乳液具有优异的物理机械性能和耐水性.