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1.
为探讨日粮中不同枣粉添加量对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,选取初始体重为(20.15±1.63) kg的40只6月龄健康白绒山羊,随机分为5组,每组8只羊,分别饲喂枣粉添加量为0(对照组)、10%(Ⅰ试验组)、15%(Ⅱ试验组)、20%(Ⅲ试验组)、25%(Ⅳ试验组)的日粮,饲养试验预试期10 d,饲喂基础日粮,饲喂期70 d,饲喂试验日粮。试验结束屠宰全部试验羊,以羊背最长肌为试验材料,分别测定羊肉的基本营养成分、矿物质、肌纤维特性、外观品质、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量并进行比较分析。结果表明:1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ试验组的屠宰率和净肉率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),对照组、Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的骨肉比显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);2)对照组的肌内脂肪含量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);3)Ⅲ组的肌纤维面积、直径和剪切力值最小(P<0.05);4)Ⅲ组中棕榈酸(C16:0)和硬脂酸(C18:0)的含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ试验组(P<0.05),花生四烯酸(C20:4n6)、α-亚麻酸(C18:2n6c)的含量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05);5)Ⅳ组羊肉中的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量显著高于其他4组(P<0.05)。综上所述,枣粉添加改善了羊肉的嫩度,有利于羊肉中的矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸和氨基酸等营养成分的积累,从而使羊肉有较高的营养价值,综合考虑20%枣粉添加量时羊肉品质最好。  相似文献   
2.
为研究中草药集中催情和孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)外源诱导对非繁殖季节内蒙古绒山羊产羔和血清指标的影响,选取体重相近的内蒙古绒山羊272只,分为中草药试验Ⅰ组(112只)、激素试验Ⅱ组(100只)和对照组(60只),试验Ⅰ组饲喂中草药,每次50 g/只,发情前7 d开始饲喂,每2 d饲喂1次,共3次;试验Ⅱ组海绵栓+PMSG 250 IU/只;对照组正常饲养。在试验结束后第2天早饲前各组选择5只羊颈静脉采血,测定并分析血清中生理生化指标及生殖激素含量的变化。结果显示,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组绒山羊的发情率、产羔率和双羔率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组的产羔率和双羔率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),发情率显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组绒山羊血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(UREA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组绒山羊丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组血清促卵泡素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)和促黄体素(LH)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),孕酮(P4)、睾酮(T)在三组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅰ组生殖激素指标与对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。对激素和抗氧化酶的相关性分析显示,试验Ⅰ组绒山羊血清P4含量与GSH-Px含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),其相关系数为-0.594,试验Ⅱ组绒山羊血清LH含量与GSH-Px含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),其相关系数为0.757。本研究结果表明,中草药和激素处理均可极显著促进内蒙古绒山羊在非繁殖季节集中发情,并提高产羔率。激素处理可提高非繁殖季节内蒙古绒山羊对蛋白质的消化利用程度和抗氧化功能,中草药处理可提高血清SOD活性;分析认为GSH-Px与P4之间存在显著颉颃作用,GSH-Px与LH之间存在极显著协同作用。  相似文献   
3.
This study compares the factors associated with variable interval to oestrus and ovulation between early versus late ovulating goats following PGF administration. The time of ovulation in Beetal goats (n = 38) was monitored through transrectal ultrasound at every 6 hr following a single dose of PGF (experiment 1). Variations in oestrus and ovulation times were further explored through the changes in follicular dynamics, endocrine profiles and behaviour in another set of goats (n = 13) following single PGF given randomly during the luteal phase (experiment 2). The ovulation time varied between 60 and 96 hr, and 57% of ovulations occurred by 72 hr following PGF (experiment 1). Accordingly, the goats (n = 13) in the second experiment were retrospectively divided either into early and/or late ovulating, that is, ≤72 and/or ≥84 hr following PGF. The onset of oestrus, peak estradiol‐17β concentration and LH surge after PGFwas first observed in early than late ovulating goats (p < 0.05). The goats ovulating early had larger follicle and smaller CL in diameter at the time of PGF administration than those ovulating late (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 mm and 10 ± 0.6 vs. 11.8 ± 0.3 mm, respectively; p < 0.05). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentration tended to be lower (p = 0.087) in early than late ovulating goats. In conclusion, the size of dominant follicle and CL at the time of PGF2a determines the interval to ovulation following a single dose of PGF2a during the luteal phase.  相似文献   
4.
ObjectiveTo elucidate the antinociceptive, physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and xylazine in hybrid goats.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA total of 30 female hybrid goats aged 1–2 years and weighing 25 ± 2.9 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsThe goats were divided into five groups and administered xylazine (0.1 mg kg−1; group XYL.1), xylazine (0.3 mg kg−1; group XYL.3), EA (group EA), EA + xylazine (0.1 mg kg−1; group XYL.1-EA) and 0.9% saline (0.3 mL; control group CON). Nociceptive threshold and serum glucose concentration were measured at time 0 and at 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours after treatment. Nociceptive threshold was measured by passing potassium ions through the skin using potassium iontophoresis. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (fR) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded at times 0 and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours. Repeated-measures analyses were performed for each response variable; p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.ResultsAntinociceptive effects in groups XYL.1 and XYL.3 were increased significantly at 15–60 minutes compared with group CON. Antinociceptive effect was higher in group XYL.1-EA than groups XYL.1 or EA at 15–60 minutes (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the nociceptive threshold was recorded in groups XYL.1-EA and XYL.3, except at 30 minutes. HR, MAP, fR, RT values were higher in group XYL.1-EA than in groups XYL.1 or XYL.3. Serum glucose concentration was higher in group XYL.3 at 15–60 minutes than in CON.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe XYL.1 and EA combination was effective for antinociception with minimum physiologic alteration, suggesting that the combination may be a new and effective strategy for pain relief during clinical procedures in goats.  相似文献   
5.
1990年,甘肃省庆阳市开始引入辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊进行杂交改良,但目前尚不清楚2个品种在脂肪酸含量、肌肉营养成分等方面的差异,影响了杂交改良效果。试验旨在分析两个绒山羊品种的产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量差异,为绒山羊的杂交改良提供理论依据。本研究选取相同饲养管理条件下、9月龄的子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊公羊各5只,测定其屠宰性能以及背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌处的肉品质、脂肪酸含量和肌肉营养成分。结果表明:子午岭黑山羊的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值、剪切力和滴水损失低于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.05),但其肌肉的平均亮度值、色度值、pH1和pH24高于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.01)。营养成分测定结果表明,子午岭黑山羊肌肉的水分和粗灰分含量高于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.05),但肌内脂肪和粗蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊。在2个山羊品种的肌肉中均检测到11 种饱和脂肪酸(SFA,以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主)、10种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA,以亚油酸和顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸为主)和6种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA,以油酸为主),子午岭黑山羊肉中的SFA、PUFA、n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA含量和PUFA/SFA值均高于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.01),但MUFA含量低于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.01)。结果表明,辽宁绒山羊有更高的产肉力,但子午岭黑山羊肌肉品质和营养成分更佳,脂肪酸组成和含量更符合人类健康膳食标准。  相似文献   
6.
对陕西省关中地区31个不同规模的奶山羊养殖场使用机器挤奶的相关数据及资料进行分析。结果表明,不同奶山羊养殖场规模、挤奶设备、挤奶时间、质检方式和羊奶售价等方面均存在差异;机器挤奶流程、挤奶次数和环境卫生等影响到奶山羊乳房健康和羊奶品质。应加强对养殖场挤奶机器的管理,规范机器挤奶技术流程,提高奶山羊养殖场生产效益。  相似文献   
7.
旨在克隆山羊NR4A1基因的CDS区序列,明确其组织和细胞表达模式,以及探究过表达NR4A1基因对山羊皮下脂肪细胞分化的影响。本试验利用双酶切法构建山羊过表达载体pcDNA3.1-NR4A1。以1周岁简州大耳羊(n=5)为试验动物。利用RT-PCR方法和实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR, qPCR)技术克隆NR4A1基因编码区序列并明确其时空表达特性,再将山羊pcDNA3.1-NR4A1载体转染皮下脂肪细胞使NR4A1过表达,利用形态学方法检测过表达后脂滴聚集的变化,同时采用qPCR方法检测脂肪分化标志基因相对表达水平的变化。结果获得山羊NR4A1基因的编码区序列是1 797 bp,编码598个氨基酸;NR4A1在山羊各组织中广泛表达,且在山羊背最长肌中的相对表达水平最高(P<0.01),在山羊皮下脂肪细胞分化60 h表达量最高(P<0.01);过表达NR4A1基因显著促进山羊皮下脂肪细胞的脂滴积累,并且显著提高C/EBPαC/EBPβ、PPARγ、LPLSREBP1和AP2的相对表达水平(P<0.05)。NR4A1基因可能是山羊皮下脂肪细胞分化的正调控因子,且可能是协同脂肪分化标志基因的表达量来实现的。  相似文献   
8.
牛至精油对家畜生产性能和免疫力的提高有重要的影响。通过在日粮中添加牛至精油育肥河西绒山羊,研究其对河西绒山羊生长性能、屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂的基础日粮中分别添加4和7 g宜生饲宝(含牛至精油的添加剂),4和7 g宜生饲宝中牛至精油的含量分别为52和91 mg。对照组和试验组均为同月龄、同体重的河西绒山羊羯羊,试验组和对照组均设3个重复,每个重复5只羊。育肥期为90 d,每30 d为1个阶段。试验结果表明:育肥全期,对照组、4 g组和7 g组河西绒山羊平均日增重分别为96.30、172.22和169.82 g·d-1,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05);屠宰性状,胴体重对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为20.24、24.18和23.90 kg,无显著差异(P>0.05),屠宰率对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为48.86%、51.21%和51.56%,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05),胴体净肉重对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为12.90、16.27和15.99 kg,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05);肉质性状,大理石纹4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05),pH、熟肉率、失水率、嫩度、蒸煮损失对照组、4 g组、7 g组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮中添加牛至油可以显著提高河西绒山羊的育肥性能,本试验日粮中添加4 g宜生饲宝(含牛至精油52 mg)效果最佳。  相似文献   
9.
Salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) readily invades and dominates riparian areas and lake basins throughout the western United States. Traditional control efforts (chemical and mechanical control) are expensive and provide limited long-term control. The salt cedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) provides a method of biological control through reduction in cover. However, population establishment of leaf beetles in some locations is often difficult because of environmental conditions. In previous research, goats readily consumed salt cedar, offering an alternative method of reducing salt cedar cover. For this study, we determined if sheep would consume salt cedar and consume a similar amount as goats. Twelve Rambouillet and 12 Suffolks lambs were fed salt cedar once daily (Trial 1) and three times daily (Trial 2). Intake of salt cedar by sheep was compared between breeds and with intake of salt cedar by goats (n = 10). Salt cedar was fed once a day in Trial 1 for 30 min over 15 d. Intake was recorded daily for individual animals. In Trial 2, salt cedar was offered three times daily for 13 d with intake recorded. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between breeds of sheep. In addition, sheep consumed more salt cedar than goats except on the last day of the study. When salt cedar was offered three times daily, both breeds of sheep increased intake and gained weight over the 13 d of feeding in Trial 2. By the end of the study, intake appeared to still be increasing. Collectively, these results illustrate that both Rambouillet and Suffolk sheep will consume a similar amount of salt cedar as goats and will provide another species of livestock that can be potentially used to reduce salt cedar cover.  相似文献   
10.
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