羧肽酶A/B水解虾副产物制备ACE抑制肽

为了获得血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽,使用α-胰凝乳蛋白酶对虾副产物进行预酶解,再选择羧肽酶A/B进行酶解,通过透析和凝胶层析纯化后,测定分离肽的ACE抑制活性。通过检测水解度,确定α-胰凝乳蛋白酶的最优水解时间为4h,羧肽酶A/B最优水解时间为6h。两步酶解产物的ACE半抑制浓度(IC50)值为6.39mg/mL。通过透析,得到500Da和500~1 000Da 2个抑制活性更高的组分,IC50分别为1.69和2.87mg/mL。进一步通过Sephadex G-15凝胶层析分离,得到4个IC50值小于0.2mg/mL的组分,其中组分F8最低,为0.134mg/mL,显示了较高的ACE抑制活性。该结果验证了羧肽酶A/B酶解可制备出高活性ACE抑制肽。     

Changes in the distribution of nitrogen and plant enzymatic activity during ensilage of lucerne treated with different additives

Effects of formic acid, formaldehyde and two levels of tannic acid on changes in the distribution of nitrogen (N) and plant enzymatic activity during ensilage of lucerne (Medicago sativa) were studied. Lucerne [300 g dry matter (DM) kg^?1 forage] silages were prepared untreated (control) and with formic acid (4 g kg^?1 DM), formaldehyde (1 g kg^?1 DM) and two levels of tannic acid (20 and 50 g kg^?1 DM) as additives. Inhibition of proteolysis by formic acid was more effective than the other additives during the first 7 d of ensiling. Tannic acid was as effective at inhibiting production of non‐protein‐N, ammonia‐N and free amino acid‐N as formic acid and formaldehyde. However, increased concentrations of non‐protein‐N and free amino acid‐N in silage from day 1 to 35 of ensiling were less with the higher level of tannic acid than that in the control and other additive‐treated silages. Carboxypeptidase lost its activity slowly with increasing time of ensiling. At day 2, it still had 0·79 of the original activity in the control silage. After 21 d of ensiling, high levels of carboxypeptidase activity, proportionately 0·41, 0·49, 0·10, 0·35 and 0·30 of the original activity, remained in the control silage, and silages made with formic acid, formaldehyde, and low and high levels of tannic acid respectively. There were higher levels of activity of acid proteinase in formic acid‐treated silage than in the control silage until day 2 of ensilage indicating that the reduction of proteolysis by formic acid was probably due to acidifying the forage below the pH optima of plant protease. Aminopeptidase activity in all silages declined rapidly after ensiling.     

基于OsGS5的玉米同源基因ZmGS5的克隆

高产是玉米育种的重要目标,籽粒大小是决定籽粒产量的重要因子。OsGS5是水稻中已克隆的控制籽粒长度和千粒重的主效基因,编码丝氨酸羧肽酶。本研究利用OsGS5基因编码序列比对玉米同源EST序列,并对EST序列进行拼接,根据拼接后的EST序列设计3′-RACE基因特异引物,利用同源克隆的方法克隆出玉米同源基因的3′端基因片段,经测序发现该基因片段长度为981bp,功能注释后发现该基因编码丝氨酸羧肽酶,与水稻OsGS5基因编码蛋白具有高度同源性,将该基因暂时命名为ZmGS5。     

水稻与拟南芥全基因组丝氨酸羧肽酶类蛋白家族比较分析(英文)

    基于水稻与拟南芥全基因组序列,在基因组与蛋白质组水平上对这2种模式植物的丝氨酸羧肽酶 (SCPs)基因家族进行比较分析.利用隐马可夫模型(hidden Markov models,HMM),发现水稻与拟南芥中分别存在71个与54个丝氨酸羧肽酶类(serine carboxypeptidases like,SCPL)蛋白编码基因,它们广泛分布于基因组中各条染色体上,并且存在多个基因簇聚区.基因结构分析显示,拟南芥的SCPL基因存在广泛的交替剪接方式,而这种现象在水稻SCPL基因中却不常见.蛋白结构分析表明,所有SCPL家族成员均具有α/β水解酶折叠亚族与S10家族典型的保守结构域与二级结构特征.系统进化分析表明,这125个SCPL蛋白可以分成3大类,与水稻不同,大多数拟南芥SCPL (88.9%)可归属于双链羧肽酶Ⅰ或Ⅱ.     

Non-destructive Limits to Seed Growth and Leaf Protease Activities in Nodulating and Non-nodulating Soybean Isolines

Leaf senescence leads to a progressive decline in the photosynthetic competence of the leaf. This paper describes some effects of source:sink imbalance on leaf protein catabolism and senescence in soybean. We manipulated pod growth by restricting 100 or 50 % (PR-100 or PR-50, respectively) of young pods at the R4 stage in plastic drinking straws. This effectively reduces final seed mass without interrupting the vascular connections of pods. Nodulating (NOD+) and non-nodulating (NOD−) isolines of the 'Clay' soybean were grown in drainage lysimeters and three pod-restriction (PR) treatments were compared. Pod restriction decreased seed biomass per plant as a result of lower individual seed mass, which was only partially balanced by the increase in seed number. The nitrogen concentration in seeds remained unchanged in NOD+ plants, while it increased with the degree of sink restriction in seeds of NOD− plants. Leaf soluble protein, CO₂ exchange rate and seed nitrogen content were consistently lower in NOD− plants; the leaf protein level remained stable with time in PR-100 plants, decreased for PR-50 and dropped for controls. Endoprotease (HBase) and carboxypeptidase (CPase) activities were significantly lower in leaves from PR-100 plants, while aminopeptidase activity was enhanced, indicating a de novo synthesis of leaf protein. This is consistent with the reported accumulation of vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) in soybean and other legumes after moderate or severe sink reduction. Thus, small modifications of the source:sink ratio such as those obtained by the non-destructive PR technique have an impact on leaf protein catabolism. Nodulating and non-nodulating soybean isolines showed similar responses to PR in terms of leaf senescence initiation and progression, but the rate of the processes appear to be largely influenced by plant N status.     

Involvement of carboxypeptidase in the degradation of the mung bean (Vigna radiata) trypsin inhibitor during germination and early seedling growth

Examination of the substrate specifity of the carboxypeptidase activity of ungerminated and germinated mung beans (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) reveals the presence of two distinct enzymes. The first of these, carboxypeptidase I, is maximally active against carbobenzyloxy-Ala-Phe. It is present in large amounts in the cotyledons of ungerminated seeds, and declines rapidly during germination. The second, carboxypeptidase II, is most active against carbobenzyloxy-Phe-Ala. This enzyme increases in the cotyledons during germination and seedling growth.The possible involvement of one or both of these enzymes in the degradation of the native mung bean trypsin inhibitor (MBTI - F) and its proteolytically modified forms (MBTI - E, - C, and - E') during germination was also examined. The enzyme catalyzing one step in the conversion of MBTI - E to MBTI - C has been isolated with 557-fold purification from germinated mung beans. The inhibitor-degrading enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 60,000. It is optimally active against MBTI - E at between pH 4.0 to 4.5. No activity was found with MBTI - F, - E', or - C as substrates. The enzyme has been identified as the carboxypeptidase II on the basis of (1) coelution during chromatography, (2) action on synthetic and natural substrates, (3) sensitivity to enzyme inhibitors, and (4) temporal variation during germination. The MBTI degrading carboxypeptidase removes the two carboxyl-terminal residues from MBTI - E to produce an inhibitor species that co-migrates with MBTI - C on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but has not been subjected to the internal cleavage and proteolysis at the amino-terminus found in MBTI - C.Supported by National Science Foundation Grants PCM 8003854 and PCM 8301202Abbreviations used are: TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; Cbz-, carbobenzyloxy-; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; MBTI, mung bean trypsin inhibitor; SDS, sodium dodecylsulfate; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.     

南极磷虾羧肽酶A的分离纯化及其酶学性质分析

【目的】建立南极磷虾羧肽酶A的分离纯化方法,并研究分析其酶学性质,为南极磷虾羧肽酶A的开发及应用打下基础。【方法】南极磷虾粗酶液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、HiTrap DEAE FF阴离子交换柱层析和SEC 70凝胶过滤柱层析,纯化得到的羧肽酶A,以SDS-PAGE分析其分子量;通过分析酶系反应温度、pH、金属离子、抑制剂对南极磷虾羧肽酶A活力的影响,明确其酶学性质和酶促动力学。【结果】南极磷虾羧肽酶A分子量为75.0 kD,其最适温度30℃,最适pH 8.0。Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Ni~(2+)对南极磷虾羧肽酶A有显著的激活作用(P0.05,下同),且金属离子浓度越高,激活效果越明显;Ca~(2+)、Fe3+、Cu~(2+)和Hg~(2+)对南极磷虾羧肽酶A存在不同程度的抑制作用,以Hg~(2+)的抑制作用最强,Fe~(3+)的抑制作用最弱。金属蛋白酶抑制剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、3-苯基丙酸(3-phenylpropionic acid)和1,10-菲罗啉(1,10-phenathroline)对南极磷虾羧肽酶A活力有显著的抑制作用,且抑制剂浓度越高,抑制效果越明显。【结论】南极磷虾羧肽酶A具有金属蛋白酶特性,可开发成降解酶制剂在食品工业及医药行业中推广应用。     

Isolation and Characteristics of Carboxypeptidase B from Zebra Blenny (Salaria basilisca) Viscera

Carboxypeptidase B (CPB) from zebra blenny (Salaria basilisca) viscera was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, with a 28-fold increase in specific activity and 21.72% recovery. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 34.5 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were around pH 8.0 and 60°C, respectively, using Hippuryl-l-Arg as a substrate. The enzyme was unstable above 50°C and below pH 5.0. The enzyme was activated by Co²⁺ and Zn²⁺ and inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined as S P S Y T K Y N T. The CPB kinetic constants, K_m and k_cat for Hippuryl-l-Arg, were 0.32 mM and 36.23 s^?1, respectively.     

重组米曲霉丝氨酸羧肽酶O的性质鉴定及脱苦应用研究

为了研究羧肽酶在蛋白水解及对蛋白水解物脱苦中的重要作用,利用毕赤酵母表达系统对米曲霉(Asperigillus oryzae)羧肽酶O(carboxypeptidase O,OcpO)进行表达.重组米曲霉羧肽酶O(rOcpO)经过分子筛和离子柱纯化,对其进行脱糖基化及酶学性质的检测研究.结果表明,该蛋白酶是以糖蛋白的形式进行表达,分子量约为74 ku,脱糖基化后的相对分子质量约为56 ku,产量约为20.4 nKat/mL.该蛋白酶是一种酸性蛋白酶,最适pH值为4.0,且在pH 3.0～6.0时保持稳定;最适温度约为40℃,具有良好的热稳定性,在60℃孵育1h后仍能保持63％的酶活;PMSF能够显著抑制该酶酶活,证明其为丝氨酸羧肽酶.通过rOcpO对大豆蛋白和酪蛋白的Alcalase蛋白酶水解物的进一步水解研究发现,rOcpO水解对两种水解液的苦味均有明显减轻,并且水解度有明显升高.     

Purification of serine carboxypeptidase from the hepatopancreas of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus and its application for elimination of bitterness from bitter peptides

ABSTRACT:   An acidic serine carboxypeptidase (CPase Tpa) from the hepatopancreas of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus was purified. Purified CPase Tpa had a molecular mass of 36 kDa on sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an isoelectric point of 6.0. The optimum pH of CPase Tpa was pH 4.0. In investigating the specificity of CPase Tpa for several peptide substances, it was found that peptides with hydrophobic or bulky amino acid residues at the P₁ position reacted well. The enzymatic activity was almost completely inhibited by p -chloromercuribenzoic acid, monoiodoacetic acid, diisopropylfluorophosphate and HgCl₂. This is the basis for its grouping in the serine carboxypeptidase family (EC 3. 4. 16. 5). The substrate specificity of CPase Tpa can be used to eliminate the bitterness of bitter peptides. In this study, the bitterness-reductive effect using bitter peptides prepared by hydrolyzing soy protein, casein and corn gluten with pepsin or trypsin was tested. The bitterness of soy peptide digested with pepsin was completely eliminated by treatment with CPase Tpa, whereas the bitterness of casein digested with trypsin and corn peptide digested with pepsin were somewhat less efficient. On the basis of these results, it is anticipated that CPase Tpa would be effective in eliminating the bitterness of some bitter peptides.