不同生态环境下甘蔗组合的生长表现和适应性

以2017—2018年组配的119个甘蔗组合为材料,分别在广西的南宁、崇左、来宾同时开展组合评价试验,基于锤重性状进行联合方差分析和遗传参数估计,并采用回归分析和AMMI模型对组合进行稳定性分析。结果表明:不同的组合、环境及组合与环境互作在锤重间的差异均达到了极显著水平(P0.01);3个试验点锤重的广义遗传率均属于中等偏低水平;崇左、来宾试验点的锤重变异系数较大,南宁试验点的锤重变异系数较小;643、404、575、972、636、144、YC95、1470、755、409、701、832、YC37、579等组合表现出高产、稳产和适应性广的特性;结合锤重和组合入选率综合分析,组合449、YC127、796、YC44、533、570、YC123、391、546、403、YC90、252在南宁试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、212、YC61、432、903、YC95、YC44、368、YC83、YC127、YC112、701、411、YC90、YC123在崇左试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、404、449、144、403、YC48在来宾试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高。     

甘蔗杂交后代锤度的选择

对甘蔗22个家系F_1群体的遗传变异分析表明,锤度是高度可遗传的品质性状,对选择有较大的响应.在锤度平均值高、遗传变异系数大的家系中选择高糖基因型的效果好,可获得较高的遗传进展.根据锤度与株高、茎径、茎数和丛重遗传相关的方向和程度,对不同家系高糖高产基因型的选择确定相应的策略,能达到选育高糖高产品种的最佳效果.     

甜菜不同生长期叶柄锤度的变化与主要性状问的相关分析

通过对甜菜不同生长期叶柄锤度与产质量性状间的相关分析看出,在营养生长期甜菜叶柄锤度与根产量、产糖量二性状的相关不密切,而同褐斑病病情呈负相关,同块根含糖率呈正相关,且到生育后期达显著或极显著水平.通过对甜菜营养生长期叶柄锤度的测试,进行育种材料的高糖性状的预选,具有一定的实际意义。     

Evaluation of performance of sorghum varieties grown in Tokyo for sugar accumulation and its correlation with vacuolar invertase genes SbInv1 and SbInv2

ABSTRACT

The sugar-accumulating potential of global and local sweet and grain sorghum varieties were tested under the local conditions. The basis for this study was the dependency of sugar accumulation on temperature and photoperiod. Thus, the efficacy of cultivars as a bioenergy source would need to be determined based on their performance under the local environmental conditions. A strong correlation of sucrose content with brix was observed, enabling large-scale screening of varieties for high sucrose content. The morphological characteristics inherent in sweet sorghum, such as tall stems, greater number of leaves and a longer vegetative period, were found to correlate with the total stem sugar content. Assessment of sugars along the stem revealed maximum sugar accumulation in the upper intermediate to upper internodes in most of the varieties tested. The maximum theoretical ethanol yield (MTEY), a function of brix and juice yield, was determined as a better indicator of testing the performance of a variety as a potential source of bioethanol, mainly due to a negative correlation of stem juiciness and sucrose content in the varieties tested. Further, the relative expression of vacuolar invertase genes, SbINV1 and SbINV2, was studied, and a strong negative correlation of SbINV2 to stem sucrose content was observed. This reveals a possibility of involvement of vacuolar invertase gene, SbINV2, in sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum stems, and as a key candidate for molecular breeding studies for higher stem sugar content.     

Nutrients management strategies to improve yield and quality of sugar beet in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha^?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha^?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha^?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha^?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha^?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha^?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha^?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.     

能源甜高粱茎秆节间锤度变化规律研究

以辽甜1号和辽甜3号为试材,在灌浆期、乳熟期和成熟期进行锤度测定,分析了各期茎秆节间锤度的变化规律、各节间锤度与全茎秆锤度的关联性。结果表明:甜高粱茎秆锤度随着生长发育进程的延续而逐渐提高,成熟期达到高峰,高锤度的节间数也相应增多。灌浆期、乳熟期和成熟期3个时期茎秆节间的锤度均呈现低-高-低的变化趋势;节间糖分分布呈抛物线状,茎秆中上部糖分变化活跃且含量较高;辽甜1号和辽甜3号茎秆锤度均以第6节为最高;不同节间锤度与全茎秆锤度标准差变幅呈W型曲线变化趋势;辽甜1号和辽甜3号可分别以节间锤度平均值第(3+9)节间/2和第(4+10)节间/2代表全茎秆锤度。     

Assessment of different methods to estimate bovine colostrum quality on farm

AIMS: To evaluate two different hydrometers and an optical and a digital Brix refractometer for the assessment of bovine colostrum quality, in terms of accuracy and precision compared with the measurement of IgG concentrations using radial immunodiffusion (RID), and to evaluate the reliability and repeatability of the Brix refractometers.

METHODS: To determine reliability and repeatability, 145 colostrum samples were tested by two independent observers twice, using the optical and digital Brix refractometers. A further 193 colostrum samples from Holstein cows were collected on one commercial dairy farm at first milking and tested with two hydrometers and an optical and digital Brix refractometer. An aliquot of each sample was frozen for RID measurement of IgG concentrations and samples were classified as poor (≤50 g IgG/L) or good (>50?g?IgG/L) quality colostrum. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine inter- and intra-observer reliability and repeatability. Optimised cut-off values for the four devices were determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis with the RID results as the reference. Using these cut-offs, sensitivities and specificities for determining good quality colostrum were calculated.

RESULTS: The ICC for inter-observer reliability was 0.98 for the optical Brix refractometer, and for intra-observer repeatability was 0.97 and 0.98 for the optical and the digital Brix refractometers, respectively. For the 193 colostrum samples, 67 (34.7%) had concentrations of IgG ≤50 g/L determined by RID. Optimised cut-off values evaluated by ROC analysis were higher for all devices compared with manufacturer reference or previously published values. Using these values, the sensitivities for the two hydrometers, and the optical and the digital Brix refractometers were 0.73, 0.71, 0.56 and 0.79, respectively; specificities were 0.72, 0.61, 0.90 and 0.69, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The Brix refractometers provided the most accurate assessment of colostrum quality of the devices evaluated, and demonstrated excellent precision in terms of repeatability. To provide optimal health for newborn calves, a sufficient intake of good quality colostrum is essential. The Brix refractometers provide rapid, convenient tools for classification of colostrum quality.     

甘蔗品系苗期螟害率与田间蔗汁锤度的关系

应用数理统计方法从多角度对168个甘蔗品系的蔗苗螟害枯心率(2.47%～46.13%)与甘蔗成熟期健康蔗茎田间蔗汁锤度(18.2%～25.6%)的关系进行分析研究。结果表明:甘蔗苗期螟害枯心率的高低与甘蔗品系田间蔗汁锤度的高低没有显著关系。     

施肥方式对甜高粱生长发育及糖分含量的影响

为了探明氮、钾肥施肥方式对甜高粱生长发育及茎秆糖分含量的影响,以甜高粱辽甜1号为试材,在施用不同数量的种（底）肥和追肥条件下,对甜高粱株高、叶面积、糖锤度、生物鲜质量及估算总糖量进行了比较分析。结果表明,一次性底施氮磷钾复合肥600 kg/hm2的处理甜高粱株高、生物鲜质量、估算总糖量均最低。底施300 kg/hm2氮磷钾复合肥＋追施300 kg/hm2尿素的处理株高及生物鲜质量最高。灌浆期,底施300 kg/hm2氮磷钾复合肥＋追施450 kg/hm2尿素的处理叶面积指数最高。底施300 kg/hm2氮磷钾复合肥＋追施150 kg/hm2尿素＋追施150 kg/hm2硫酸钾的施肥方式可以得到最高的估算总糖量。     

普通高粱与甜高粱杂交组合株高、糖度的主基因多基因模型遗传效应分析

对普通高粱与甜高粱杂交组合(石红137×L-甜)的株高与糖度进行主基因多基因遗传模型分析,以期研究株高、糖度的遗传效应。获得了2个性状的最适遗传模型,株高的最适遗传模型为2对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为74.4%,多基因遗传率为22.1%;糖锤度的最适遗传模型为1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为65.72%,多基因遗传率为20.43%。主基因个数和基因效应的预测与分子检测的主效QTL个数和基因效应基本相符。