Growth performance and metabolic utilization of diets with native and waxy maize starch by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles

The effect of dietary starch source and level on growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients and liver enzyme activities involved in intermediary metabolism of gilthead sea bream juveniles was studied. Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipids) diets were formulated to contain 10% native (diet NS10) or waxy (diet WS10) maize starch; 20% native (diet NS20) or waxy (diet WS20) maize starch or no starch (control). Diets were adjusted with α-cellulose. Another diet was formulated without carbohydrates, and contained 70% crude protein and 15% crude lipids (diet HP). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish (initial weight: 20 g) for 12 weeks. The HP group was fed to near satiation and the other 5 groups were fed on a pair-feeding scheme according to the group that ingested less feed (control diet group). The reduction of dietary protein level from 70% to 47% by the incorporation of 20% starch did not significantly affect gilthead sea bream growth performance or feed efficiency. Compared to the control diet, neither the level nor the nature of starch had any measurable effect on growth performance and feed efficiency. Digestibility of starch was unaffected by source or dietary inclusion level. Diet had no effect on plasma glucose levels, but liver glycogen was higher in diet groups NS20, WS20 and HP. Dietary carbohydrates increased GK and G6PD enzyme activities and decreased ALAT and GDH enzyme activities while had only a minor effect on FBPase activity. The nature of dietary starch tested (native or waxy) had little influence on performance criteria.     

Influence of terminal rig configuration on the anatomical hooking location of line-caught yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis

Abstract  Experiments were carried out to test the dependence of anatomical hooking location on terminal rig configuration, and identify strategies by which hook ingestion can be minimised to reduce post-release mortality of angled yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis (Günther). Eighty-five anglers targeted yellowfin bream using different designs and sizes of circle and J hooks and recorded technical, environmental and biological data for each landed fish. Considerably fewer fish (16.6 and 8.5%, respectively) ingested hooks than those hooked in the mouth (82.1 and 88.6%), and a greater percentage of J hooks were ingested than circle hooks or a J hook modified with a 15-mm horizontal bar. Irrespective of hook type, the rate of ingestion also declined with increasing hook weight and decreasing fish size. In cage experiments, significantly more hooks baited with natural soft baits (e.g. intestines and cephalopods) were ingested than those baited with artificial baits, crustaceans or teleosts, while in the field fewer hooks were ingested using artificial bait (e.g. bread and pellets) than terrestrial animals, teleosts, crustaceans, teleost or terrestrial animal intestines, cephalopods or polychaetes. Similarly, rigs with floats, short traces or a sinker only on the hook, along with angling in environments with at least some current reduced ingestion. Based on this study, anglers targeting yellowfin bream should be encouraged to use circle or modified J hooks and, regardless of the hook design, the largest hook size possible attached to short traces or a sinker only and hard baits.     

团头鲂幼鱼饲料中α-亚麻酸、亚油酸的适宜含量

在半纯化饲料配方的基础上,分别设计6个α-亚麻酸含量(0.02%、0.55%、1.08%、1.60%、2.13%、2.65%)、6个亚油酸含量(0.86%、1.29%、1.73%、2.16%、2.59%、3.03%),以亚麻籽油、玉米油、棕榈油调节饲料中α-亚麻酸、亚油酸的含量,配制等氮等能(粗蛋白质含量为30.09%,粗脂肪含量为6.87%)的12种半纯化试验饲料,探讨团头鲂幼鱼[初始均重为(59.5±0.5)g]饲料中α-亚麻酸、亚油酸的适宜含量。养殖试验分为α-亚麻酸和亚油酸试验2部分,均设6组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾,养殖周期为85 d。结果表明:在α-亚麻酸试验中,依据回归方程计算得到,在饲料α-亚麻酸含量分别为1.32%、1.33%时,团头鲂幼鱼具有最大的特定生长率和最小的饲料系数;0.02%组的脏体指数显著低于除1.08%组外的其他各组(P0.05),肥满度、肝体指数各组间无显著差异(P0.05);0.02%组血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量显著高于0.55%、1.08%组(P0.05),1.60%组血清高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于0.55%、2.13%组(P0.05),0.02%组血清低密度脂蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。在亚油酸试验中,依据回归方程计算得到,在饲料亚油酸含量分别为2.02%、2.03%时,团头鲂幼鱼具有最大的特定生长率和最小的饲料系数;3.03%组的肝体指数显著低于其他各组(P0.05),肥满度、脏体指数各组间无显著差异(P0.05);1.29%组血清总胆固醇含量显著高于1.73%组(P0.05),0.86%组血清甘油三酯含量显著高于1.73%组(P0.05),1.29%组血清高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于0.86%、3.03%组(P0.05),各组血清低密度脂蛋白含量无显著差异(P0.05)。以特定生长率、饲料系数作为主要评价指标,结合部分血清生化指标和形体指标,得到适合团头鲂幼鱼快速生长、维持鱼体正常健康的饲料中适宜的亚麻酸、亚油酸含量分别为1.32%~1.33%、2.02%~2.03%。     

平鲷胚胎发育及仔,稚,幼鱼的形态观察

本文介绍以人工繁殖所获得的平鲷受精卵进行孵化,培育的结果。连续观察并描述该种鱼的胚胎发育过程及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态。     

鲤、团头鲂精子生理生态特性的研究──Ⅲ．单糖和渗透压对精子活力的影响

作者观察了鲤、团头鲂精子在０（去离子水）－３００毫渗渗透压的Ｄ－半乳糖，Ｄ－葡萄糖和Ｄ－果糖溶液中的活动情况。结果表明，在这三种单糖溶液里，鲤、团头鲂精子活动的变化规律是一致的。精子快速运动和寿命的时间是以在Ｄ－半乳糖溶液中为最长。这两种鱼精子对这三种单糖的吸收、利用存在差别。     

Expression of recombinant triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) pre-IGF-I in Escherichia coli

The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) cDNA (GenBank Accession No. AY247412) of triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) was expressed for the first time in Escherichia coli. To construct the expression plasmid, the IGF-I cDNA was subcloned into prokaryotic-expressing vector pGEX-4T-1. The E.coli JM109 was transformed with the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-IGF-I, and the transgene expression was observed after being induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). The results of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting indicated that the recombinant fusion protein had immune activity and the molecular weight was about 47 kDa. The results of SDS-PAGE and thin layer scanning showed that the yield of fusion protein had been enlarged with prolonging time. When the time of induced expression was 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h, the expression amount was approximately 1.4, 4.3, 8.1, 11.3, 16.3 and 18.8% of total bacterial protein respectively.     

Seasonal changes in circulating growth hormone (GH), hepatic GH-binding and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity in a marine fish,gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata

We have studied the seasonal relationship between growth and circulating growth hormone (GH), hepatic GH-binding and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity in gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata. The seasonal increase in plasma GH levels preceded by several weeks the summer increase in growth rates. In contrast, a marked increase in hepatic GH-binding with a high degree of endogenous GH occupancy was found during the period of maximum growth which suggests an enhanced sensitivity of liver to GH action. Thus, circulating levels of immunoreactive IGF-I, probably derived from the liver in response to GH action, were positively correlated with growth throughout the experimental period although a consistent relationship between growth and circulating GH was not found. In spite of this, we consider that, in gilthead sea bream, as in several other teleosts, the availability of endogenous GH can limit growth. Thus, under environmental conditions of suboptimal growth, a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant rainbow trout GH (rtGH) induced over the dose range tested (0.75, 1.5, 3 μg g BW⁻¹) an increase in plasma IGF-I-like immunoreactivity comparable to that seen during the period of maximum growth.