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1.
【目的】利用刺吸电位技术(electronic penetration graph,EPG)研究Q型烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)成虫对吡虫啉、吡蚜酮、螺虫乙酯和溴氰虫酰胺4种杀虫剂LC25处理24 h番茄苗的取食行为,探明内吸性杀虫剂亚致死剂量对烟粉虱成虫取食行为的影响。【方法】以无农药暴露史的Q型烟粉虱成虫为供试昆虫,番茄品种‘粉印三号’为供试植株。通过水培生测法确定4种内吸性杀虫剂的亚致死浓度LC25。在此基础上利用EPG监测Q型烟粉虱成虫取食寄主的13个非韧皮部指标和8个韧皮部指标,并对叶片刺吸孔进行显微观察。以无农药处理为对照(CK)。【结果】4种杀虫剂对Q型烟粉虱成虫的LC25值为溴氰虫酰胺>吡蚜酮>吡虫啉>螺虫乙酯。在总记录时间8 h内,Q型烟粉虱成虫的取食在各处理中均产生非刺探波(np)、路径波(C)、电位下降波(pd)、韧皮部分泌唾液波(El)、韧皮部被动吸食波(E2)以及木质部主动吸食波(G)6种波形。在非韧皮部的np波次数上,溴氰虫酰胺处理的次数最多,其次是螺虫乙酯处理,两者间差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于CK和吡虫啉处理(P<0.05)。C波和G波总持续时间均为CK处理最长,溴氰虫酰胺处理最短,两处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。CK处理的pd波总持续时间显著长于4种杀虫剂处理(P<0.05),其中螺虫乙酯处理最短,但4种杀虫剂处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。螺虫乙酯处理的F波总持续时间最长,吡虫啉处理最短,两者间差异显著(P<0.05)。CK处理韧皮部的E1波和E2波总持续时间分别为20.52和50.60 min,显著长于吡虫啉处理和溴氰虫酰胺处理对应波的总持续时间(P<0.05),但E1波总持续时间与吡蚜酮和螺虫乙酯处理均差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】4种杀虫剂LC25均引起Q型烟粉虱成虫的拒食行为,为研究烟粉虱或具刺吸式口器农业害虫对4类杀虫剂亚致死效应的拒食作用机理及防治提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
2.
在系统梳理绿色债券相关理论基础上,以16个二级行业为研究对象,运用事件分析法分析林业企业上市公司发行绿色债券与股价相关性、林业企业发行绿色债券的市场价值,探索发行绿色债券的林业企业市场效应。结果表明:绿色债券融资对提升公司长短期的市场价值具有重大影响,绿色债券融资是经济实体发展绿色经济的表现,是符合经济趋势和其自身发展趋势的行为。林业企业对绿色债券的发行,持积极股价效应,提升公司市场价值;由于其项目投融资的绿色性,对市场效应有更好的显著性和持续性,对绿色债券的发行表现出积极市场效应,提升企业市场价值。依据绿色债券理论和实践,并结合林业企业自身的生态特性,从林业企业发行绿色债券的政策制度、融资优势、自身特征三个方面,在详细阐述林业企业发行绿色债券可行性基础上,提出林业企业推动绿色债券发行相关建议:构建林业企业绿色债券制度规范、增强林业企业绿色债券融资意识、提高林业企业绿色债券运营能力、加强林业企业绿色债券人才建设。  相似文献   
3.
α-Conotoxin TxIB, a selective antagonist of α6/α3β2β3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, could be a potential therapeutic agent for addiction and Parkinson’s disease. As a peptide with a complex pharmacophoric conformation, it is important and difficult to find a modifiable site which can be modified effectively and efficiently without activity loss. In this study, three xylene scaffolds were individually reacted with one pair of the cysteine residues ([1,3] or [2,4]), and iodine oxidation was used to form a disulfide bond between the other pair. Overall, six analogs were synthesized with moderate isolated yields from 55% to 65%, which is four times higher than the traditional two-step oxidation with orthogonal protection on cysteines. The cysteine [2,4] modified analogs, with higher stability in human serum than native TxIB, showed obvious inhibitory effect and selectivity on α6/α3β2β3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which was 100 times more than the cysteine [1,3] modified ones. This result demonstrated that the cysteine [2,4] disulfide bond is a new modifiable site of TxIB, and further modification can be a simple and feasible strategy for the exploitation and utilization of α-Conotoxin TxIB in drug discovery.  相似文献   
4.
Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) tends to feed on young plant tissues. To explore the relationship between stylet probing behaviors of adult A. lucorum and conditions of cotton leaves, we conducted an experiment using electropenetrography (EPG). Behaviors were recorded on four cotton varieties, in relation to thickness and biochemical traits of differently-aged leaves. Cotton leaf age had a significant effect on the probing behavior of A. lucorum but cotton variety did not. One-day-old leaves of A. lucorum received the highest mean number of stylet probes (penetrations) per insect, and longest mean durations per insect of combined stylet probing or its components, cell rupture and ingestion behaviors. All of the leaf traits (thickness and biochemical substances) were similar among these four cotton varieties. Leaf thickness had a significantly negative effect on the same four variables above. Gossypol and tannin also had a negative impact on combined probing duration. Redundancy analysis showed that the four EPG variables were closely related to nutrient substances (amino acids, sugar, and water) while they had the opposite relationship with plant defense substances (gossypol and tannin). On cotton in the seedling stages, A. lucorum fed more readily on the youngest, thinnest leaves in our no-choice EPG experiments. Nutrients and chemical resistance substances determined the probing duration of A. lucorum. Our findings can contribute to better understanding of patterns of feeding and host consumption by A. lucorum, ultimately improving cotton resistance to A. lucorum.  相似文献   
5.
稀土元素示踪法从上世纪90年代开始逐渐被相关学者重视,并在坡面土壤侵蚀的研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。笔者采用CiteSpace软件和文献计量学方法,以Web of Science数据库核心合集和中国知网(CNKI)数据库核心期刊为数据源,分析了近30年国内外稀土元素示踪法在坡面侵蚀研究的发展历程。研究发现:①总体而言,国内稀土元素示踪法在坡面侵蚀中的应用在理论和实践层面已经从初步探索走向了成熟;②随着研究的深入,稀土元素示踪法的研究与相关学科交叉更加密切,并在微观探索和宏观调控方面取得一定进展;③未来发展趋势来看,宏观方面趋向和生态系统、气候变化等互相作用机理的研究,微观方向趋向对团聚体等微观颗粒的迁移研究;④在国际相关研究方面,对于稀土元素示踪法在坡面侵蚀的应用从多个方面和角度做了大量的研究,我国的相关研究相较于国外顶尖水平的研究仍存在一定差距。  相似文献   
6.
The effects of reduced headspace pressure on the development of gluten network in doughs made from both high-protein flour (HPF) and low-protein flour (LPF) were investigated. The effect of vacuum mixing was found to be dependent on both flour-type and mixing-time. A significant increase in dough extensibility was observed when the HPF dough was mixed under moderate vacuum of −0.04 MPa for 3 min as compared to the one mixed under atmospheric pressure for the same duration. This was attributed to the formation of a more extensive gluten network associated with an increased disulphide bond density and a significantly higher β-sheet to β-turn ratio. On the other hand, over-mixing was observed in the LPF dough that was mixed for 5 min under atmospheric pressure. Applying moderate vacuum of −0.04 MPa allowed the LPF dough to withstand longer mixing time, as indicated by its increased disulphide bond density and biaxial extensibility compared to the control dough mixed under atmospheric pressure. Results of this study suggest the potential of applying vacuum to reduce the mixing time required for high protein flour and to prevent the over-mixing of low protein flour.  相似文献   
7.
γ-Gliadins are an important component of wheat seed storage proteins. Four novel γ-gliadin genes (Gli-ngl to Gli-ng4) were cloned from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Aegilops species. The novel γ-gliadins were much smaller in molecular size when compared to the typical γ-gliadins, which was caused by deletion of the non-repetitive domain, glutamine-rich region, 3" part of the repetitive domain, and 5' part of the C-terminal, possibly due to illegitimate recombination between the repetitive domain and the C-terminal. As a result, Gli-ngl and Gli-ng4 only contained two and three cysteine residues, respectively. Gli-ngl, as the representative of novel γ-gliadin genes, has been sub-cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system. SDS- PAGE indicated that the both cysteine residues of Gli-ngl could participate in the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds in vitro. Successful cloning of Gli-ngl from seed cDNA of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring suggested that these novel γ-gliadin genes were normally transcribed during the development of seeds. Phylogenic analysis indicated that the four novel γ-gliadin genes had a closer relationship with those from the B (S) genome of wheat.  相似文献   
8.
热加工过程中鲍鱼腹足蛋白间作用力及其质构特性   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
为探究蛋白质形成凝胶过程中其化学作用力的变化规律以及与凝胶特性之间的关系,该文以鲍鱼腹足为原料,采用溶液分级提取方法,并结合扫描电镜和红外光谱法,考察热加工中鲍鱼腹足蛋白间作用力及其质构特性的变化情况。结果表明,随着加热温度升高(60、80、100℃),扫描电镜结果显示,鲍鱼腹足中间部位与边缘和过渡部位形成孔洞较小、排列紧密的网络结构,同时红外结果表明,随温度升高,蛋白二级结构发生明显变化,N-H弯曲和C-N伸缩振动较为明显,α-螺旋变为无规则卷曲结构,肌球蛋白疏水性增加,-S-S-形成。此时,对应离子键、氢键含量均呈下降趋势,疏水键相对含量呈先上升后下降趋势,二硫键、非二硫共价键含量呈上升趋势。进一步研究表明,各化学作用力与蛋白凝胶质构特性具有高度相关性。在较低温度下(60℃)离子键、氢键和疏水键对凝胶稳定性起主要作用,此时形成的凝胶较柔软;在较高温度下(80、100℃)二硫键、非二硫共价键为维持凝胶稳定的主要作用力,此时凝胶特性较佳,富有弹性、较好的凝聚性和回复性。该研究为热加工过程中鲍鱼腹足蛋白质变化的机理提供参考依据。  相似文献   
9.
为了解黑水虻研究应用概况与发展态势,运用中国知网、Web of Science与佰腾专利检索系统对该领域科技文献与专利成果进行了检索分析。结果发现,国内相关文献在2010年后呈现快速增长趋势,2014年后文献数量增长速度进一步加快,东南地区在文献数量上占据明显优势。现有文献中,研究工作主要围绕黑水虻养殖及其对餐厨垃圾、猪粪等环境污染物的生物降解及资源化进行,侧重技术应用的文章及专利占比较高。涉及该领域的研究生培养工作已持续10年时间,但人才培养与技术应用之间尚存在一定距离。该领域的研究经费投入也有待进一步加强。  相似文献   
10.
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