Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant: Production optimization and insecticidal activity against the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae

Bacillus subtilis SPB1 was shown to produce a lipopeptide biosurfactant. The insecticidal activity of this biosurfactant was evaluated against Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller, a moth pest of stored dates in Tunisia. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values after six days of contact were 152 μg/g and 641 μg/g, respectively. To promote an economical production of this highly effective bioinsecticide, statistical experimental designs and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the concentrations of agro-industrial residues and humidity, for lipopeptide biosurfactant production by B. subtilis SPB1 under solid state fermentation. The optimal medium leading to a production yield near to 28 mg of crude lipopeptide preparation per g of wet solid material was composed of a mixture of 4.34 g of tuna fish flour and 5.66 g of potato waste flour with a moisture content of 76%.     

细胞电融合构建高效蒽降解重组菌株的研究

通过An815与带EGFP标记的铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa/EGFP)原生质体电融合,得到一株融合子R2,该融合子不仅具有An815菌高效降解蒽的能力,而且具有铜绿假单胞菌产生生物表面活性剂的能力,在72 h内将蒽从100 mg.L-1降解至27.9 mg.L-1,降解能力比出发菌An815提高了22%。     

表面活性剂产生菌的筛选与优化及其产物性质的分析

从被石油污染的土壤中用蓝色凝胶培养基分离筛选出1株产糖脂类生物表面活性剂的菌株B2。经生理生化试验与16S r DNA序列分析将该菌株鉴定为沙雷氏菌属(Serratia sp.)。经红外光谱与薄层层析分析,结果表明该菌株产生的表面活性剂是一种鼠李糖脂。以发酵液的表面张力为指标,通过正交试验确定最佳发酵条件,即以20 g/L豆油为碳源、5 g/L尿素为氮源、温度34℃、p H 7.0、发酵时间96 h。在此最佳条件下测得表面活性剂的产量为3.746 1 g/L。该菌株所产表面活性剂水溶液在其浓度为临界胶束浓度时的表面张力为180 m N/m。     

生物表面活性剂排油圈检测方法的改进和应用

本研究对生物表面活性剂排油圈检测方法进行改进,将原方法中所用液体石蜡加入苏丹红Ⅲ染色,改进后方法的测定结果与原方法结果相比差异不显著,并且试验效果对比明显,容易观察,可以实时拍照。方法操作简单、测定结果准确,很有实际应用价值。采用本方法测定了供试菌株BS1不同浓度发酵液的排油活性,结果表明排油圈直径随发酵液浓度的增加而增大。     

土壤重金属污染的微生物修复研究进展

从利用微生物降低重金属的毒性、微生物展示技术用于土壤重金属污染的治理、生物表面活性剂去除土壤重金属、植物根际宜生菌对重金属的修复等方面对土壤重金属污染微生物修复的研究进行了综述,以期为同类研究提供参考.     

生物表面活性剂产生菌株BYS6的分离筛选与鉴定

采用延长油田水处理站水样和土样,血平板分离筛选到5株具有开发价值的生物表面活性剂产生菌。其中1株表面活性剂产生菌株BYS6,摇瓶发酵后发酵液糖脂含量为4.73 g/L。发酵液排油效果显著,排油直径>6 cm,其产生的表面活性剂可将发酵培养基表面张力从69.9 mN/m降低至32.3 mN/m。对菌株BYS6进行16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育学分析,鉴定为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.),GenBank登录号为HM132103。通过TLC层析初步鉴定菌株BYS6的代谢产物为糖脂类生物表面活性剂。     

Effects of rhamnolipids on bacterial communities in a dioxin-contaminated soil and the gut of earthworms added to the soil

The biosurfactants rhamnolipids and the “soil ecosystem engineers” earthworms are often used to remediate contaminated soils. However, the effects of rhamnolipids on earthworm intestinal flora and microbial community in soil containing earthworms are not clearly understood. In our study, a 21-d microcosm experiment was carried out to reveal the effects of rhamnolipids on microbial abundance, composition, and metabolism, as well as contaminant degradation capacity. Both rhamnolipids and earthworm...     

Reclamation of oil-induced soil hydrophobicity in the hyper-arid Evrona Nature Reserve, southern Israel

Two oil spills occurred in the Evrona Nature Reserve (southern Israel), in 1975 and 2014. This oil contamination induced highly persistent soil hydrophobicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the decrease in oil-induced soil hydrophobicity under different environmental conditions and to assess the relationship between the hydrophobicity and hydrocarbon content. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted over 1.5 years to monitor the soil hydrophobicity and total hydrocarbon concentration under different environmental conditions. We hypothesized that the addition of water (20% or 50% saturation), nutrients, and biosurfactants can accelerate the reduction in hydrophobicity and decomposition of hydrocarbons. Water drop penetration time and molarity of ethanol droplet tests were used to assess soil hydrophobicity. In parallel, alkane composition and total petroleum hydrocarbons were evaluated to indicate oil attenuation. The addition of water, nutrients, and biosurfactants resulted in a concomitant reduction in hydrophobicity and hydrocarbon concentration of varying degrees, exhibiting enhanced degradation and hydrophobicity reduction observed in treatments to which nutrients and biosurfactants were added. At the end of the incubation, however, soil hydrophobicity in all treatments remained severe, even though total petroleum hydrocarbon removal was fairly high and reached 40%–80% in the treatments to which water with or without nutrients and/or surfactants was added.     

Plackett-Burman试验评价Bacillus subtilis-1101产生物表面活性剂条件

采用Plackett-Burman试验设计方法对影响枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1101生物表面活性剂产生的培养条件进行了研究。结果表明,在10个因素中,KCl、装液量、液体石蜡三个因素对表面活性剂的产生有显著影响,其他因素则没有显著影响,其中KCl呈现正效应,装液量、液体石蜡则为负效应,为进一步优化培养条件提供了依据。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B_1、B_2发酵液生物表面活性剂初探

将枯草芽孢杆菌B1、B2发酵液在50～120℃分别热处理2h,B1、B2表面张力分别为28.34～30.12mN/m、28.34～31.53mN/m;pH在2.0～7.0之间,B1、B2表面张力分别为27.07-28.42mN/m、28.98-30.9mN/m;NaCl浓度在2.0×104～2.0×105mg/L内,B1、B2表面张力分别为27.45～30.88mN/m、29.02-36.97mN/m。表明,B1、B2产生的表面活性剂对热、酸性和盐具有较强的耐性;当B1、B2表面活性剂粗制品浓度为0.03、0.04和0.05g/L时,B1对立枯丝核菌(RhizoctoniasolniaKuhn)抑制率分别为19.29%、28.71%和45.65%,B2分别为20.14%、30.82%、57.18%。说明B1、B2表面活性剂对立枯丝核菌(R.solnia)具有较好的抑制作用;B1、B2发酵液经提取纯化所得的表面活性剂粗制品,通过TLC和IR方法鉴定,初步确定为脂肽类物质。