甜菜碱对奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和血液指标的影响

选用20头体重(597±11.8)kg、泌乳天数(88±4.5)d、日产奶(26.3±0.5)kg的经产奶牛,随机分为4组,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究甜菜碱(0、50、100和150g/d)对泌乳早期奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明:日粮添加甜菜碱对奶牛的采食量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和血糖浓度无显著影响,100g/d组和150g/d组鲜奶产量显著高于对照组和50g/d组(P<0.05);100g/d组和150g/d组4%乳脂校正乳、能量校正乳和乳脂产量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100g/d组乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100g/d组和150g/d组血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。根据以上结果推断,甜菜碱的适宜添加水平为100g/d。     

甜菜碱对1至21日龄肉鸭体脂重分配的作用效果及机理

通过饲养、屠宰试验和有关指标分析,探讨了甜菜碱对21 日龄肉鸭体脂重分配的作用效果及其对脂肪代谢的作用机理。276 只1 日龄樱桃谷肉鸭分成对照组和甜菜碱组两个处理,每个处理138只,每组设3 个重复,每个重复组46 只肉鸭,公母各半。基础饲粮相同(甲硫氨酸和总含硫氨基酸含量分别为0.30% 和0.66% ),对照组饲喂不含甜菜碱的日粮,甜菜碱组饲喂含800 m g/kg 甜菜碱的日粮。肉鸭饲喂到21 日龄时称重、屠宰。结果表明,甜菜碱对21 日龄肉鸭体脂具有显著的重分配作用,它分别降低了鸭的腹脂率、皮脂厚和肝脏粗脂肪含量,提高了鸭胸肌中粗脂肪含量和肌间脂肪的厚度。肝脏、肌肉、腹脂和血清样品分析结果揭示,甜菜碱似通过降低脂肪生成酶的活性(P< 0.01),来提高脂肪分解酶的活力,促进肉碱的合成,加强肝脏、尤其是肌肉组织中长链脂肪酸的β-氧化作用,从而发挥着重新分配肉鸭体脂肪的作用。     

三角叶滨藜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因克隆及植物表达载体的构建

通过RT PCR技术从盐生植物三角叶滨藜总RNA中,扩增并克隆了BADH68基因。该基因全序列显示,核苷酸序列长1520bp,12～1515bp为1个开放阅读框架,推测的氨基酸序列全长为500个氨基酸残基,其核苷酸序列与菠菜和山菠菜同源性分别为89%和95%。利用BamHI和SacI酶切位点将BADH68基因连接到pCAMBI A2301的多克隆位点,并把35S启动子和nos终止子分别连接到BADH基因的上游和下游的多克隆位点上,获重组植物表达质粒pCAMATBADH682,并转入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,获LBA4404(pCBAMATBADH682)菌种。     

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Physiological Characteristics in Medicago sativa Seedlings under Low-temperature Stress北大核心CSCD

In this study,the 'Ganong 5th' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as experimental material,and two application methods (leaf application,root application) and six exogenous betaine concentrations (0,10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol·L-1) were used to treat the seedlings of alfalfa. Plant growth and related physiological indexes were measured after 7 days of low temperature (4?) stress,and the physiological mechanism of exogenous betaine to alleviate the low temperature stress of alfalfa was explored. The results showed that exogenous GB alleviated the loss of plant height,root length,leaf dry weight,root dry weight and chlorophyll content,and increase the content of soluble sugar (SS) and free proline (Pro),and reduced the increase in leaf relative membrane permeability and MDA content. Exogenous GB increased antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. And also,exogenous GB enhanced the osmotic adjustment capacity of the plant by increasing endogenous GB accumulation and BADH activity. These results indicated that exogenous GB enhanced the resistance of Medicago sativa to low-temperature stress under low temperature adjustment. The membership function analysis indicated that spraying 30 mmol·L-1 GB on the leaves and spraying 40 mmol·L-1 GB on the roots had the best effect on alleviating the low-temperature stress of alfalfa seedlings. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.     

Effect of dietary betaine levels on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg⁻¹. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg⁻¹ (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg⁻¹. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg⁻¹ and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg⁻¹. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg⁻¹ of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus.     

中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡某些血液生化指标的影响

试验选取15日龄的三黄鸡288只,随机分为8组。高温对照组仅喂基础日粮,中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.8%、1.2%的中药,中药-甜菜碱Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%中药-0.2%甜菜碱、0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱、1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱,甜菜碱组在基础日粮中添加0.2%甜菜碱,探讨中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡血液生化指标的影响。结果:①42日龄,在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组母鸡血清血糖含量分别比高温对照组高26.5%(P<0.05)、19.4%(P<0.05);在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组公鸡血清血糖含量比高温对照组高24.3%(P<0.05);②42日龄,在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组母鸡血清白蛋白含量比高温对照组高34.5%(P<0.05);在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组公鸡血清白蛋白含量比高温对照组高18.8%(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,中药甜菜碱复方能提高高温环境下三黄鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖的含量,以在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱复方效果最明显。     

中药-甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响

本试验通过研究中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响,筛选出其最佳添加剂量,为进一步开发抗高温应激中药饲料添加剂提供参考.选用288只三黄鸡,公、母各半.育雏2周后,随机分为8组,在日粮中添加中药、中药-甜菜碱或甜菜碱,分别测定33～35日龄、56～58日龄及88～90日龄鸡的钙、磷代谢率,蛋白质、能量代谢率,以及在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重.结果显示,与高温对照组相比,(1)在33～35日龄段,添加中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量、体增重;(2)在56～58日龄段,添加中药组、中药-甜菜碱组及甜菜碱组均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重以及公鸡的能量利用率;(3)在88～90日龄段,中药、中药-甜菜碱和甜菜碱均能显著提高高温环境中公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量,公鸡的能量利用率和体增重.中药-甜菜碱复方抗三黄鸡热应激的最佳添加量为0.8%中药 0.2%甜菜碱.     

甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能和PRKAG3基因相对表达量的影响

为了研究甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能和PRKAG3基因表达量的影响,试验采用单因子试验设计,选用80 kg左右的健康杜长大三元杂交猪60头,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头猪,在日粮中添加甜菜碱0,500,1 000,1 500 mg/kg,试验期为41 d,试验结束后随机选择(每组随机选择3头)12头猪进行屠宰测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加甜菜碱对育肥猪的日增重、日采食量、料重比均有明显影响,可以不同程度地提高日增重和采食量,降低料重比,其中以添加1 500 mg/kg甜菜碱(4组)的效果最为明显;日粮中添加甜菜碱可以不同程度地提高育肥猪PRKAG3基因的表达量,其中以1 500 mg/kg甜菜碱(4组)的效果最为明显。说明甜菜碱可以提供甲基供体,节约蛋氨酸和胆碱,从而提高育肥猪的生长性能。