Selection of a new scallop strain,QN‐2, from the backcross of Peruvian scallop × bay scallop F1 hybrids with bay scallops

Cross‐breeding has been successfully applied in agriculture and aquaculture industries to improve important production traits. In our previous studies, we produced the F₁ hybrids with high heterosis in growth by crossing the bay scallops with the Peruvian scallops and selected a new strain, Bohai Red, from the F₁ hybrids. In this study, we selected another new strain from the backcross (BC₁) of the F₁ hybrids with bay scallops. The base cohort (G₀) was size‐selected from the BC₁, and the G₁, G₂, G₃ and G₄ cohorts were produced with size‐selected brood stocks from the G₀, G₁, G₂ and G₃ cohorts respectively. Our results showed that average shell height, shell length, shell width and whole body weight of the G₄ cohort were increased by 16.8%, 16.8%, 11.5% and 43.6%, respectively, compared with the unselected control group of bay scallop. This new strain has now become one of the major cultured Argopecten scallops in northern China waters and was later named QN‐2.     

饲料投喂及清淤对养殖库湾水环境的影响

为探究缩减饲料投喂量及清淤对养殖库湾水环境的影响,在鲢、鳙放养密度均为20 g/m~3的基础上,设置4个处理组库湾,分别为B1(不清淤、饵料投喂减半)、B2(清淤、不投饵)、B3(清淤、饵料投喂减半)和B4(不清淤、饵料投喂正常),实验周期为9个月。结果显示:4个库湾的总氮浓度、总磷浓度、高锰酸盐指数、藻类生物量从低到高分别为B2、B4、B1、B3,B2、B1、B4、B3,B2、B1、B4、B3,B2、B1、B3、B4(P0.05),浮游动物生物量之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。由此可见,B2无论是在营养盐的控制还是在藻类的控制方面均取得了最佳的效果。作为养殖库湾,其主要功能是得到更高的鱼产量。在达到养殖水质要求的情况下,为了得到更高的鱼产量,应合理地利用饵料。因此,对于养殖用水的处理,要根据具体的水质条件,采用合理的修复方式,实现水质改善和养殖生产的双赢。     

Crosses between two subspecies of bay scallop Argopecten irradians and heterosis for yield traits at harvest

In order to improve the yield of bay scallop Argopecten irradians by exploiting geographic subspecies heterosis, crosses between and within two subspecies, the northern A. i. irradians (Lamarck) and the southern A. i. concentricus (Say), were created and the offspring were cultured under the same environmental conditions. The two parental populations were collected from Bohai Bay in northern China and Beibu Bay in southern China, which were distinct in particular shell colours. The results indicated that the shell colour of bay scallop was inheritable and could be used as a morphological mark to distinguish hybrid and purebred individuals. At harvest, hybrid offspring always produced a significantly higher yield than purebred offspring. Positive heterosis was achieved for shell length, shell height, shell width, total weight and adductor weight, which was 5.02, 5.22, 3.88, 7.53 and 9.47 respectively. Hybrid gain was 10.86% for shell length, 10.48% for shell height, 9.77% for shell width, 34.90% for total weight and 41.69% for adductor weight, respectively, and all were significantly >5%. The present study reveals that it is effective for improving yield by hybridization between different geographic subspecies in the bay scallop.     

渤海湾地区‘大果水晶梨’黑星病的发生与防治

自从‘大果水晶梨’引入渤海湾地区以后,梨黑星病的发生越来越严重。经过近10年的调查,总结分析该地区‘大果水晶梨’黑星病的为害症状、传播途径、发病关键期和防治要点,推动该地区‘大果水晶梨’黑星病的综合防治研究和抗病育种工作。     

三亚湾滨海景观浅析

三亚湾滨海景观以海洋、沙滩、热带植物为主要景观元素。分为海上景观、海岸线景观、植被景观、滨海酒店景观以及滨海广场景观五种类型。景观设计独具特色。     

应用贝叶斯网络模型评价象山港养殖区富营养化风险

为了真实、准确地反映象山港养殖区海域的富营养化状况，以2003—2007年，5年间的象山港养殖区水质监测资料为训练数据并结合有关研究结果，采用K2结构学习算法，构建了基于贝叶斯网络的象山港养殖区水质富营养化风险评价模型，通过该模型得到了各变量间的因果关系及其影响强度。结果表明，试验数据显示准确性为90．18％，Kappa指数为0．8770，以上证明该方法是有效可行的，预测结果表明象山港养殖区水环境富营养化程度日趋严重。     

开阔型港湾紫菜埕地轮养菲律宾蛤仔的研究

利用开阔型港湾紫菜养殖埕地空闲季节，进行小型试验并指标大面积轮养菲律宾蛤仔，选择含沙星８０％－９０％的沙泥稳定底质，海水比重１．０１６－１．０２２，大潮干露２－４小时，流速８０－１００厘米／秒，饵料丰富的海区，１－２月份播种壳长２．０－２．２厘米的一龄大蛤苗，密度１０００个／米＾２。     

威海伴月湾公园景观规划设计

在城市化水平日益增长的今天,人们已经意识到城市生态环境建设的重要性,沿海城市均有公园建设和港湾绿地的营造,那么如何构建与城市自身相和谐的滨海公园,如何营造和谐港湾,将是一个盛行不衰的话题。本文以威海伴月湾公园景观规划设计为例,来诠释这一相关问题。     

大亚湾红树林群落结构及初级生产力数量参数研究

通过样地和样带的调查方法,在对大亚湾沿岸的深圳市宝安县、惠州市惠阳县、惠东县的８个镇的普查基础上,以惠阳县澳头镇虾冲境内黄鱼涌白寿湾红树林为典型区域,在典型选定的三块样带中选伐标准木作树干解析,测定年龄和各年的树高、胸径连年生长量和平均生长量,并对其群落的结构及其数量特征和各组成植物物种的生长量、消耗量、蓄积量及初级生产力等定量参数进行了研究,为研究红树林这一潮间带中的特殊植物群落及海陆界面系统的生态边缘优、劣势打下重要的数量生态经济学的基础。     

太子湾公园的植物景观与空间分析

通过对太子湾公园的植物景观与空间分析,明确植物配置的重要性,尤其是林冠线及天际线的处理、河岸边缘的柔化等;同时分析太子湾公园的空间格局,提出植物景观的改造措施及相应的对策。