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Adult nutrition affects reproduction and flight performance of the invasive fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda in China 下载免费PDF全文
Li-mei HE Shan JIANG Yu-chao CHEN Kris A.G. WYCKHUYS Shi-shuai GE Wei HE Xi-wu GAO Kong-ming WU 《农业科学学报》2021,20(3):715-726
Floral resources, such as carbohydrate-rich nectar or pollen, can bolster fitness and raise reproductive output of adult lepidopterans. Here, we used laboratory experiments to assess how those plant-derived foods impact adult fecundity, reproductive physiology and flight performance of an invasive strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda(FAW; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. More specifically, supplementary feeding on bee pollen and honey enhanced FAW flight duration, testis size, ovarian development, longevity and adult fecundity. FAW adults attained the longest pre-oviposition(10.8 days) and oviposition period(6.8 days) and longevity(19.2 days) on 5% acacia honey. Upon access to 2.5% acacia honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen, S. frugiperda attained the highest mating rate(79.7%), fecundity(644.9 eggs/female) and egg hatching rate(82.3%). Feeding on honey further delayed decay of male testes, while ovarian development was enhanced when female moths were allowed access to 2.5% honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen. Upon feeding on 5% honey solution, S. frugiperda engaged in flight over the longest duration(9.5 h), distance(29.9 km) and speed(3.1 km h~(–1)). Honey had a comparatively greater effect on the above parameters than pollen. Our findings help decipher FAW invasion patterns and population dynamics, facilitate the development of nutritional attractants, and contribute to integrated pest management of this newly-invasive pest in eastern Asia. 相似文献
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Nan‐Nan Zeng Ming Jiang Hua Wen Wei Liu Fan Wu Juan Tian Li‐Juan Yu Xing Lu Zhong‐Bao Guo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):240-251
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of water temperature (WT) and dietary protein levels on growth, body composition and blood biochemistry of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; initial average body weight: 38.75 ± 0.61g, n = 20). The fish were fed with six diets contained graded levels of protein (209.6, 251.0, 302.4, 354.3, 401.9 and 456.8 g/kg) and raised in each of WT (22°C, 28°C and 34°C) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the growth, feed utilization and protein efficiency were significantly increased with the increase of dietary protein level and followed by the latter platform at each WT. The fish raised at 28 and 34°C showed similar growth performance, and their values were significantly higher than the fish raised at 22°C (p < 0.05). The lipid contents in whole body were decreases with the increase of dietary protein level at each WT. However, the whole‐body protein, ash and moisture contents were not affected by dietary protein level or WT (p > 0.05). The values of serum biochemical indices (ALP, ALT, AST and TCHO) were all decreased with the increase of dietary protein. The optimal dietary protein requirement for GIFT tilapia to achieve maximal growth performance is 374.4, 301.7 and 304.9 g protein/kg diet at 22, 28 and 34°C, respectively. 相似文献
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从教学内容设计、授课形式、考核模式及结合研究生具体研究课题对食品专业硕士研究生“分子生物学与生物技术”综述式和Seminar教学法进行了阐述。这2种教学方法不仅能够帮助学生全面深入地掌握课程的基本理论知识、熟悉分子生物学研究思路和方法、了解相关研究领域的新进展,并且能够增强硕士研究生对科学研究的兴趣,达到促进研究生科研创新能力培养的目的。 相似文献
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基于TOPSIS和局部空间自相关的永久基本农田划定方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
永久基本农田划定是保护优质耕地、控制建设用地占用优质耕地的有效手段,也是高标准农田建设的基础。本文提出了一种基于优劣解距离法(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)和局部空间自相关的永久基本农田划定方法,从耕地的自然禀赋、区位条件、建设水平和生态景观条件4个角度出发,构建较全面的综合质量评价体系,借助TOPSIS法对耕地综合质量进行评价;引入空间聚类的思想对耕地综合质量进行局部空间自相关分析;最后,依据各区域的耕地综合质量及空间聚类特征,将符合要求的耕地划入永久基本农田。以河北省高碑店市为研究区开展实证研究,结果表明,该方法划定的永久基本农田较合理,划定永久基本农田面积为339.61 km2,占高碑店市耕地总面积的81.75%,划定比例达到国家相关规程要求。本文在耕地质量评价中加入生态景观因素,并结合最佳距离阈值和改进的反距离空间权重矩阵的空间聚类方法,为永久基本农田划定提供了新思路。 相似文献
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Ewa Matyjaszczyk 《Pest management science》2018,74(3):505-510
Following the obligatory implementation of integrated pest management in the European Union (EU), the plant protection means suitable for application in organic agriculture attracted the attention of quite a wide group of potential users. In spite of the common rules of organic production, as well as the uniform principles of placing plant protection products on the market, the availability of products that can be legally used in organic crop protection differs significantly among the Member States. There is a uniform list of 10 basic substances that can be used in the protection of organic crops throughout the entire EU. Twelve Member States have official registers of plant protection products for use in organic agriculture, and the total number of qualified products per country varies from 11 in Lithuania to 576 in Italy. Some products that improve plant vigour or resistance and may be of use in protection of organic crops are placed on the market as biostimulants. They fall under the law that governs fertilisers and the systems of their registration vary widely among the Member States. In addition, there exist a number of products that have been legally introduced onto the markets of some Member States without registration as a consequence of a loophole in the law. The use of unregistered products in organic agriculture raises some doubts, but currently it seems that there is no legal basis on which to explicitly prohibit the practice. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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根据2015年3-5月在青岛斋堂岛附近海域使用张网采集的1250尾薛氏海龙(Syngnathus schlegeli)样本,分析了该水域薛氏海龙的性比、副性征、性腺指数、性腺成熟度与卵径、育儿袋中胚胎等繁殖生物学特征。结果表明,青岛斋堂岛附近海域薛氏海龙春季繁殖种群雌雄比例分别为63.28%和36.24%,未成年个体占0.48%,雌雄比为1.75:1,明显偏离1:1的性别比例;繁殖群体中雄性个体的性腺指数始终保持在较低水平,为0.01%~4.85%,雌性个体相对较高,为0.05%~128.99%,二者差异极显著(P0.01);组织学观察发现,性腺在3—5月份迅速发育成熟,雄性排精后精巢腔中仍剩余较多精细胞,表明雄性个体为多次排精;雌性Ⅲ~Ⅳ期卵巢中均分布有不同时相的卵子,且卵径分布呈现两个峰值,表明雌性个体为分批产卵;根据雌性个体V期卵巢中成熟卵子的卵粒数与雄性个体育儿袋中的平均怀卵数基本相同,育儿袋中胚胎的发育阶段也基本一致,推测其交配模式可能为一雄一雌制,抑或是雄性在同一天内与多个雌性交配的一雄多雌制。斋堂岛附近海域薛氏海龙的交配模式还有待室内行为观察并结合微卫星标记等手段进一步确认。 相似文献
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玉米田养鹅对土壤理化性状、杂草多样性及玉米生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探究"玉米田养鹅"对农田生态系统杂草多样性、土壤理化性质及玉米生长状况的影响,以林芝市八一镇章麦村试验田为研究对象,运用对比方法,研究玉米田养鹅(Raising geese in cornfield,RGC)和对照(Control,CK)土壤理化性质、杂草多样性及玉米生长的异同,旨在通过田间状态的描述和中间状态的研究,为以后优化玉米田调控措施提供依据。结果表明:1)RGC处理有19种杂草,其中以菊科植物最多,对照组仅有9种。不同功能群杂草密度相差很大,双子叶一年生或越年生被子植物功能群杂草密度远远高于其他5种功能群;RGC处理提高了杂草群落Shannon-Wiener和Simpson多样性指数,但降低了Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef物种丰富度指数;2)RGC处理土壤含水率较对照高1.27%,与对照相比差异不显著(P0.05);3)随着土层加深,RGC和对照土壤紧实度均呈逐渐增加趋势,且RGC对紧实度影响显著;4)对照土壤碱解氮含量为86.48mg/kg,略高于RGC处理2.67mg/kg(P0.05),速效钾含量为161.07mg/kg,略高于RGC处理28.66mg/kg(P0.05),而RGC的土壤中速效磷含量为120.98mg/kg,是对照(106.25mg/kg)的1.14倍(P0.05)。结论:RGC处理增加了农田系统杂草数量、种类和生物量,提高了生物多样性,使土壤紧实度明显减小、土壤含水率增加及土壤养分含量出现差异,且玉米各项农艺性状低于对照。 相似文献
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石斑鱼(Epinephelidae)是名贵的海产鱼类,主要栖息于热带亚热带近岸岩滩和珊瑚礁水域,是岩礁生态系生物群落的重要类群。本文对国内外石斑鱼类生物学、生态学、渔业资源及人工繁育养殖的研究成果进行梳理,综合报道石斑鱼类的形态比较特征,栖息、摄食和繁殖习性,系统演化与分类,种类地理分布,人工繁育等研究进展以及养殖发展概况;报道全球石斑鱼自然资源明显衰退的现状评估以及对石斑鱼资源保护的共识和相关的渔业管理措施。此外,根据作者多年开展的鱼类遗传生物学研究,指出强化我国海域野生石斑鱼资源保护工作,深入开展杂交石斑鱼的基础生物学研究,加强石斑鱼杂交选育行业管理,是我国石斑鱼渔业产业可持续发展的必要保障。 相似文献