满江红对含卡马西平与吉非罗齐的生活污水的净化效果

药品和个人护理品（Pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs）的环境危害及修复治理日益受到重视,为揭示满江红对含PPCPs生活污水的净化效果,以典型PPCPs吉非罗齐、卡马西平及满江红为供试材料,采用室内模拟培养试验,研究满江红在不同培养时间（1、2、4、8 d）和不同PPCPs初始浓度（0、1、10、100、1 000 μg·L^-1）生活污水中的生长状况,以及对常规污染物[氨氮（NH₃-N）,硝态氮（NO3-N）,总磷（TP）,化学需氧量（COD）]和PPCPs的去除率。结果表明,随着生活污水中PPCPs初始浓度的增加,满江红相对生长率及其耐受指数呈先增加后降低的趋势,且满江红在100、1 000 μg·L^-1 PPCPs处理下生长受到抑制;与对照相比,1、10 μg·L^-1 PPCPs处理下满江红对氮、磷的去除效果显著增强（P<0.05）,但100、1 000 μg·L^-1PPCPs处理下对氮、磷的去除效果显著减弱（P<0.05）;在不同PPCPs初始浓度处理下,满江红对COD去除作用显著,且COD去除率随PPCPs初始浓度的增加而增加;满江红对吉非罗齐和卡马西平去除效果随培养时间的延长而增强,吉非罗齐去除率随PPCPs初始浓度的增加而增加（1 000μg·L^-1 PPCPs处理除外）,而卡马西平去除率随PPCPs初始浓度的增加而降低。满江红对PPCPs有良好的去除效果,对生活污水中NH₃-N以外的常规污染物也有很好的去除能力,可作为含典型PPCPs生活污水的修复治理植物。     

Influence of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria,Compost, and Biochar of Azolla on Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) Growth and Some Soil Quality Indicators in a Calcareous Soil

In order to study the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Azolla compost and Azolla biochar on some soil quality indicators and rosemary growth, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six replications. Treatments consisted of T₁ (control), T₂ (1% Azolla compost), T₃ (1% Azolla biochar), T₄ (PGPR (P. fluorescens), T₅ (1% compost + PGPR) and T₆ (1% biochar + PGPR). Rosemary growth parameters and nutrients concentration increased in all treatments compared to control. Treatments increased soil nutrient concentrations, soil microbial respiration (SMR) and microbial biomass C (MBC) but decreased soil metabolic quotient (qCO₂) compared to control treatment. A significant enhancement in rosemary growth occurred due to the improved soil quality as a result of organic fertilizers application, particularly by co-application of P. fluorescens and compost or biochar of Azolla.     

稻田高效、低耗、低污染的持续农业模式研究

 一个稻田“高效、低耗、低污染”持续农业生产模式初步试验成功 ,采用综合技术体系 ,该模式可做到每公顷产稻谷 1 0～ 1 3t左右 ,收鱼 3～ 4t,减少使用化肥农药 50 %以上 ,从而节约投入 ,减少环境污染、减少稻田甲烷释放 ,土壤肥力不断提高。     

杀螟硫磷在稻-鱼-萍生态系中的行为(英文)

利用同位素示踪和田间试验,研究了杀螟疏磷在稻-鱼-萍生态系中的行为,发现喷施的杀螟硫磷大部分沉积在植株上,并随时间而减少。在鱼肉中,该杀虫剂的残留量很低,且大部分呈结合态。在水中,随水溶性产物的形成而迅速减少。在土壤中,大部分农药持留在土壤上层,90％以上为结合残留。在收获时,杀螟硫磷在糙米和鱼肉中的含量都很低,在糙米中,远低于允许限量0.2mg/kg(中国),在鱼肉中,远低于允许限量0.05mg/kg(日本)。早季稻-鱼-萍生态系中残留的杀螟硫磷对后季稻田几乎无影响。     

生态型多层养鳖装置的试验研究

介绍了生态型多层养鳖装置的结构原理。成鳖养殖试验表明，养鳖水经过红萍的生物净化后可以循环使用，水体中NH⁺₄-N含量保持在10 mg/L以下，成功实现高密度、超浅水、集约化养鳖。     

分子氢对红萍固氮活性的支持作用(英文)

本工作研究了分子氢对不同生长条件下三种红萍:细绿萍(Azollsa filiculoides),卡洲萍(Azolla caroniana)和小叶萍(Azolla microphylla)的固氮活性的支持作用,结果表明,在5000—20000lx不同光照强度下,分子氢对红萍固氮活性均有支持作用,当光照强度为10000lx时,10％的分子H_2可使红萍的固氮活性增加30—80％,在5000lx弱光条件下,相同浓度分子氢使红萍固氮活性增加的幅度比10000lx光照时大。在相同的光照条件下,大叶萍的固氮活性较高,分子氢对其固氮活性的支持作用也较强,说明了在萍藻共生体系中,光能利用、固氮效率与分子氢利用效率呈正相关。同时,分子氢对于红萍固氮活性受尿素毒害所致的抑制也有减慢作用。在培养液中尿素浓度超过5ppm时,红萍的固氮活性受到抑制,当尿素浓度达到50ppm时,其固氮活性抑制率达50—60％,但20％的分子氢可使其固氮活性恢复到正常培养下的70％以上。在一定的尿素浓度范围内,红萍固氮活性受抑程度愈大,分子氢对其减慢的作用也愈强。     

红萍在"稻萍鱼"、"稻萍鸭"模式中的作用

在"稻萍鱼"、"稻萍鸭"等有机水稻栽培模式中,红萍平生于稻田水面,生长繁殖快,产量高,既为水稻提供充分的肥料源,又可作为鱼鸭等动物的青饲料。放养红萍可有效地提高水稻田的生产力,并明显促进稻田生态环境的持续良性循环。     

细绿萍引种试验报告

详细叙述了细绿萍(Azolla filiculoides Lamk)从1979年4月引入黑龙江省以后至2009年的引种试验和生产试验推广全过程,特别对近10年间进行的春季扩繁速度和繁殖系数的品种比较以及水深度和施肥量对产草量影响等内容进行了细致研究.结果表明,细绿萍具有较强的耐低温能力,其最适宜生长繁殖温度为20℃左右...     

Changes in microbial biomass after continuous application of azolla and rice straw in soil

A model experiment was conducted under tropical conditions with a view to evaluating the changes in microbial biomass and nutrient dynamics in upland soil through the continuous application of azolla and rice straw (2 g C kg^-1 soil per each application). Flush decomposition of C was observed immediately after each application and the rate of mineralization did not change appreciably during this period. After flush decomposition, the rate of C mineralization from azolla was higher than that from rice straw until 9 to 13 weeks after each application and thereafter the mineralization rate was similar. The amount of inorganic N released from azolla increased following each application, whereas inorganic N in rice straw plot was immediately immobilized and the rate of immobilization increased until the 3rd application and did not increase further after the 4th application. The amounts of biomass C and N increased immediately after residue incorporation, reached the maximum level one week after each application and declined thereafter. Maximum biomass formation increased until the 2nd application and then the level remained constant. Maximum biomass N formation was higher in azolla than in rice straw after the 1st application, but after repeated applications, the difference became less pronounced: Continuous increase in biomass in a certain week after each application was observed, probably because of the cumulative effects of the previous applications. The increase suggests that continuous application of organic materials may enable to improve the amount of soil microbial biomass.     

绿萍在稻鸭共作系统中的消长动态及增产效应

本文系统分析了稻鸭萍共作系统的生态结构,绿萍在系统中的生长动态和增产效应。结果表明,通过鸭子和绿萍在稻田生态位的添加,使原来的稻田食物链结构趋向复杂化,增加了稻田生态系统的稳定性,有效促进了水稻产量性状的表达和稻米品质的改善。稻鸭萍处理由于鸭子的作用,利于绿萍的分萍、倒萍,促其生长,绿萍生长后期倒萍速度明显低于稻萍处理。随着鸭子的不断成长,对萍的采食量也不断增加,整个共作期间每只鸭可食鲜萍量40.8kg。总之,稻鸭萍共作系统是一项种养相结合,节本增效的生态工程技术。