基于环境税的两部门政策与农业面源污染规制

在面源污染经济规制方面,现有文献对于环境税、财政补贴、环保罚款等政策的研究取得了丰富的理论成果,但对于多种经济规制工具的结合研究,特别是对基于环境税的两部门规制政策(two-part instruments)的研究仍有较大的空间.两部门规制政策既具备最优庇古税(first-best Pigouvian tax)的特征,同时对于监管和执行的信息需求可以实现最小化.该文在一个局部均衡框架下,比较研究了5种不同情境下,基于环境税的两部门政策对农业面源污染的规制效应.结果表明:基于环境税的两部门规制政策会诱导道德风险,因为面源污染不仅与污染性要素投入本身有关,而且与要素投入的使用方式关联.实现社会最优面源污染排放的政策组合至少有2种:①对污染性要素投入征税,对耕地的使用进行补贴的政策组合;②对农业产出和高污染、低成本的粪肥使用行为征税,而对非污染性要素投入和低污染、高成本的粪肥使用行为进行补贴的政策组合.     

非对称式大小圆盘开沟装置设计与试验

为解决东北一年一熟区玉米秸秆覆盖地免耕播种玉米存在的秸秆覆盖量大导致机具堵塞严重和双圆盘开沟器入土困难等问题,该文设计了一种非对称式大小圆盘开沟装置,该装置采用大、小圆盘一前一后非对称设置,大圆盘预先切割秸秆、残茬,小圆盘完成秸秆拨离并开出种沟,为玉米免耕播种提供清洁种床。无秸秆覆盖下的EDEM离散元仿真试验和田间试验,预先验证了开沟装置的作业性能。秸秆覆盖下的田间试验表明:该装置在秸秆覆盖条件下仍可实现较为稳定可靠的开沟效果,平均开沟深度为71.41 mm,平均开沟宽度为38.27 mm,满足玉米免耕播种作业要求;不同秸秆覆盖条件下,该装置作业流畅、种沟整洁,无明显堵塞和连续晾仔、断条现象,切茬、入土性能良好。该研究可为玉米少免耕播种开沟装置的改进及研发提供理论支持和技术基础。     

Release of doxycycline through cellulose acetate symmetric and asymmetric membranes produced from recycled agroindustrial residue: Sugarcane bagasse

Cellulose acetate is one of the components employed in drug controlled-release systems in the form of membranes. The aim of this study was to examine the controlled-release of doxycycline employing cellulose acetate symmetric and asymmetric membranes as matrices. The cellulose triacetate was produced from sugarcane bagasse through a homogeneous acetylation reaction, using acetic acid as the solvent, acetic anhydride as the acetylating agent and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The viscosity average molecular weight of the cellulose acetate produced was 39,000 g mol⁻¹. The symmetric membranes were produced using a system solvent of dichloromethane/ethanol (9:1, v/v) and the asymmetric membranes were produced from the same solvent system and 10% of water. For the formulation of both, 5% of doxycycline was used. The membranes were characterized by thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and scanning electron microscopy SEM. The release of doxycycline through cellulose triacetate matrices was examined using spectrophotometric analysis in the ultraviolet-visible region, at 275 nm. The results revealed that asymmetric membranes release 80% of the drug in 100 min, while symmetric membranes release 14% of the drug during the same time interval.     

Asymmetric Exhaustive Service Polling System with Bernoulli Feedback

This paper studies asymmetric exhaustive service polling system with Bernoulli feedback,gives the distributions of queue lengths and sojoun times,and obtains some other results,in stationary condition.     

Revelation Game of the Private Information Under Asymmetric Information

Because of the existence of the private information, the informed trader can make excess payoffs by using the information advantages. And also the informed trader can choose the trade strategies to attain the up most excess payoffs. However, he may lose his information advantages. This paper analyzes the conditions when the informed trader can make use of the private information and its optimal times underlying the framework of the strategic market game.     

An Analysis of Principal-Agent of Game under the Asymmetric Information in Venture Capital

The relationship of investors and venture capitalists is an important part in venture capital. Based on asymmetric information, this paper analyzes the principal agent relationship between investors and venture capitalists with game theory. And this paper mainly discusses the choosing, controlling and incentive problem. It suggests that only the capable and self confident venture capitalists could accept the terms of the limited partnership. It also indicates that recompense mechanism which holds the interest of investors and that of venture capitalists tightly is the center of the limited partnership. Rate of yield is the key of recompense mechanism, it not only reflects the incentive on venture capitalists, also reflects the share of risk between investors and venture capitalists. At last, the market credit play an important role in venture capital.     

Analysis of Adverse Selection in the Credit Market and the Impact of Mortgage Means

From the impact of mortgage loan on the degreeof investment risk and the expected profit of bank,the authors draw the conclusion that the risk of mortgage loan is larger than the risk of credit loan when the gage is not enough by comparing mortgage loan with credit loan. And they also analyse the relation of the gage, loan rate, and adverse selection. The gage and loan rate are presented which can be use as themeans of examining information for the bank.     

Forming process of asymmetric wall forging

Asymmetric wall products are widely used in the engineering. However, there are many limitations in the traditional forming processes employed to produce them. Oil pump stator has been studied as an instance to present the forming process of asymmetric wall products. First, a theoretical analysis of the forging's forming process has been made. Second, a rigid-visco-plastic finite element model of oil pump stator has been constructed and three dimensions FEM simulation and analyzing of extruding process have been taken by employing the simulation software. At last, parameters of the forming process have been optimized, the rule of forging's metal flow in the forming process has been analyzed and some distributions of stress and strain have been offered. These data can be use to direct the production of the other asymmetric wall forgings.     

Wheat x pearl millet hybridization: consequence and potential

Summary Eight grain pearl millet (2n=14) accessions were crossed as male to hexaploid spring wheat cv. Fukuho (2n=6x=42). An average of 80% wheat pistils showed pearl millet pollen tube entry in the ovules, compared to 56% in wheat x maize cv. Seneca 60 cross. Of the 15 embryos, obtained through in vitro immature seed culture from wheat x pearl millet crosses, 3 plantlets were produced and grown to maturity. These three were of the somatic chromosome constitution 2n=42, 21 and 22, respectively. Haploid wheat plant (2n=21) apparently originated from pearl millet chromosome elimination during embryogenesis. The 22 chromosome plant had retained a single pearl millet chromosome at tillering stage, but this chromosome was eliminated from pollen mother cells prior to and also during gamete formation. The significance and potential uses of this wide cross is discussed.