贺兰山野生大型真菌孢子多样性分析

为探讨贺兰山野生大型真菌孢子的多样性,2012-2016年在内蒙古贺兰山南寺和哈拉乌沟两地进行取样,每个样地分别由5人从沟谷入口处进行拉网式调查,共获得4 000余份样品,经过微观形态观察和基因ITS序列比对,鉴定出8目25科69属189种大型真菌,主要对其孢子形态特征、表面特征及长宽比进行分析,得到如下结论:质量性状上,孢子形态特征和表面特征相互独立;数量性状上,大小孢子长宽比、孢子极端比和平均比均具有一致性和关联性,显示孢子数量特征的稳定性;菌种间孢子质量性状和数量性状具有很强的多样性;按照孢子多样性低、中、高分类,贺兰山野生大型真菌物种数分别为152种、26种和11种;孢子多样性分类为大型真菌鉴别、分类提供了基本依据。     

Molecular identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores associated to the rhizosphere of Retama raetam in Tunisia

ABSTRACT

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found in the soil of most ecosystems where they form mutualistic associations that affect plants growth. We have investigated the community structure of AMF associated to Retama raetam growing in five regions of Tunisia. The total number of spores was significantly different across sites, ranging from 633 to 1062 spores per 100 g dry soil. A dominance of small spores was revealed. The large subunit region of the rDNA of AMF spores associated to the rhizosphere of R. raetam was sequenced. Sequences clustered into 13 operational taxonomic units. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of sequences were grouped within Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae families. Only two sequences were affiliated to the Scutellospora genus. These results suggest the dominance of the genus Glomus in the soil rhizosphere of R. raetam. A correlation between phylogenetic analysis, soil chemicals properties, and AMF community richness was also detected.     

Genetically engineering better fungal biopesticides

Microbial insect pathogens offer an alternative means of pest control with the potential to wean us off our heavy reliance on chemical pesticides. Insect pathogenic fungi play an important natural role in controlling disease vectors and agricultural pests. Most commercial products employ Ascomycetes in the genera Metarhizium and Beauveria. However, their utilization has been limited by inconsistent field results as a consequence of sensitivity to abiotic stresses and naturally low virulence. Other naturally occurring biocontrol agents also face these hurdles to successful application, but the availability of complete genomes and recombinant DNA technologies have facilitated design of multiple fungal pathogens with enhanced virulence and stress resistance. Many natural and synthetic genes have been inserted into entomopathogen genomes. Some of the biggest gains in virulence have been obtained using genes encoding neurotoxic peptides, peptides that manipulate host physiology and proteases and chitinases that degrade the insect cuticle. Prokaryotes, particularly extremophiles, are useful sources of genes for improving entomopathogen resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These biological insecticides are environmentally friendly and cost‐effective insect pest control options. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响

针对我国食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响问题,提出了食用菌产业转变生产方式、实施专业化分工协作,以节约经济运行成本;在分析成本效益的基础上,建立了食用菌产业发展的影响因素评价体系,对农业循环经济发展过程中的多种复杂影响因素进行科学评价,重点评价了经济发展的可持续性、经济性和环保性三个影响因素。该评价体系对我国食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响因素做出科学的评价,能够辅助相关政府部门进行经济决策。     

基于区块链的食用菌质量安全溯源系统设计

为了实现食用菌质量安全溯源,在食用菌质量安全溯源系统现状的基础上,利用区块链技术的去中心化分布式存储结构,保证了食用菌溯源数据的安全可靠。基于区块链技术设计了食用菌质量安全溯源系统,给出了追溯体系的总体架构和主要业务流程,有针对性地解决了食用菌溯源系统中存在问题。实现了食用菌全周期全流程的信息溯源,为消费者提供了真实、可靠的溯源信息。     

食用菌产业安全监管问题法律研究

在食用菌产业化发展过程中,由于快速发展引发了一系列的安全监管问题和法律问题,这不仅影响人们对食用菌的安全信心,同时也不利于食用菌产业可持续发展。因此,需要加强对食用菌产业的法律监管,完善食用菌产业生产、运输、储存、销售等各个环节的法律规制进行探讨。     

互联网背景下的食用菌产业现状和机遇及发展对策

介绍了我国互联网发展背景下食用菌产业发展现状,给出了食用菌产业在转变经济发展方式中所面临的问题和困难,并对整个产业发展的源动力和发展路径进行了分析。在此基础上,采用数学模型对食用菌的物流成本进行了核算;在互联网飞速发展的条件下,食用菌产业可以尝试订单生产模式等一些新型的商业来积极寻求转型升级,整合互联网资源,共同应对机遇和挑战,从而达到合作共赢、共同发展的目标。     

我国食用菌产业发展现状及产业升级路径分析

对我国食用菌产业发展现状进行梳理,指出我国食用菌行业主要存在的问题不仅是开发规模小、科技含量低,而且品种质量参差不齐、销售渠道不畅、食用菌产品存在滞销等。构建面板数据模型探究影响我国食用菌产业升级的主要影响因素,结果表明,食用菌年度生产总量、食用菌行业从业人员总数、出口贸易总额、固定资产投资、居民消费支出水平与食用菌产业结构升级之间为显著的正相关关系,基于此提出了助力我国食用菌产业升级的政策。     

基于电子商务平台的食用菌市场分析

信息时代背景下,电商网络已经无处不在,深入到了人们生活的方方面面,融入了生活的各个细节,影响着人们的生活习惯和生活方式。转变销售战略、拓展食用菌电子商务思路,是当前食用菌生产企业的当务之急。     

食用菌创意景观设计

通过对食用菌创意景观设计进行研究,分析具体的设计原则和设计方法,在食用菌创意景观打造过程中融入艺术技巧和文化特色,营造独特的食用菌旅游观光资源,创造更多农业生产附加价值。