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耿爽  耿春银  杨濛  张敏 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(4):1240-1250
本试验通过在生长育肥猪饲粮中添加两种不同的无抗制剂,探究其对育肥猪生长及肠道健康的影响。选取体重为(85.95±3.48) kg的LDY三元杂交猪60头,分为对照组、试验1、2组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪(阉公猪和母猪各半)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂,试验2组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的复方中药提取物。结果表明:①3组间生长性能各项指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,试验1组空肠的绒毛高度(VH)、绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)以及回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加(P<0.05),试验2组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加(P<0.05);试验1组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著高于试验2组(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验1和2组盲肠菌群香浓指数均显著升高(P<0.05)、辛普森指数均显著降低(P<0.05);试验1组的香浓指数显著高于试验2组(P<0.05)。④在门水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组盲肠菌群变形菌门和放线菌门丰度均显著升高(P<0.05),厚壁菌门丰度显著降低(P<0.05);试验2组厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度显著升高(P<0.05),拟杆菌门丰度显著降低(P<0.05);试验1组放线菌门丰度显著高于试验2组(P<0.05),厚壁菌门丰度显著低于试验2组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组链球菌属丰度显著升高(P<0.05),苏黎世杆菌属、uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae和乳杆菌属丰度显著降低(P<0.05);试验2组瘤胃菌属和链球菌属丰度显著升高(P<0.05),苏黎世杆菌属、梭菌属_13、乳杆菌属丰度显著降低(P<0.05);试验1组梭菌属_13和链球菌属丰度显著高于试验2组(P<0.05),试验1组uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae、瘤胃菌属显著低于试验2组(P<0.05)。⑤试验1组Occludin、Zo-1、Claudin-1表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Occludin、Claudin-1表达量显著高于试验2组(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂和复方中药提取物对育肥猪肠道健康均有改善作用,但红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂组饲喂效果优于复方中药提取物组。  相似文献   
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A total of 2,184 pigs (DNA 600 × PIC L42) were used to evaluate the effects of weaning age and antibiotic (AB) use on pig performance from weaning to marketing in a commercial production system. Experimental treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial with main effects of weaning age (18.5, 21.5, or 24.5 d of age) and with the use of ABs or an antibiotic-free (NAE) program. At birth, pigs were ear tagged, and the date of birth and sex recorded. Pigs were weaned from a 4,000-sow farm over four consecutive weeks. Four weaning batches (one per week) of 546 pigs were used. Each weaning batch had one-third of pigs of each weaning age. Pigs were placed in pens by weaning age and then randomly assigned to an AB or NAE program. There were 14 replicate pens per treatment and 26 pigs per pen (13 barrows and 13 gilts). Pigs allocated to the AB program were fed a diet containing 441 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC) from day 8 to 21 postweaning. They were also administered 22 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of CTC via drinking water for five consecutive days after a porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome outbreak during week 7 after weaning. In the first 42 d postweaning, increasing weaning age improved (linear, P < 0.001) BW at day 42, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI). From weaning to 197 d of age, increasing weaning age increased (linear, P < 0.001) ADG and ADFI. Pigs on the AB program had greater (P = 0.031) ADG and ADFI compared with NAE pigs. An interaction (linear, P = 0.005) was observed for feed efficiency (G:F). When ABs were provided, increasing weaning age did not result in any change in G:F; however, in the NAE program, increasing weaning age increased G:F. Pigs on the AB program had lower (P < 0.001) total losses (mortality and removals) than those on the NAE program. Increasing weaning age marginally (linear, P = 0.097) decreased total losses. Increasing weaning age decreased (quadratic, P < 0.001) the number of pigs treated with an injectable AB but the AB program did not (P = 0.238). The weight sold (at 197 d of age) per pig weaned was increased (linear, P = 0.050) by increasing weaning age and by using AB in feed and water (P = 0.019). In summary, increasing weaning age linearly improved most of the pig performance criteria and relatively the short-term use of ABs reduced mortality and removals with both factors contributing to increased weight sold per pig weaned.  相似文献   
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Indigestible dietary protein fermentation products have been suggested to negatively influence broiler performance due to their impact on health and digestive tract morphology. This study evaluated the digestive tract morphology and caecal protein fermentation metabolites of broiler fed 3 dietary protein levels (24%, 26% and 28%) with low or high indigestible protein (LIP, HIP). Two completely randomized 3 × 2 factorial trials were conducted with protein level (PL) and indigestible protein (IDP) as the main factors. In both trials, birds received six diets (24-LIP, 24-HIP, 26-LIP, 26-HIP, 28-LIP and 28 HIP) formulated with no medication. On day 5, trial 1 birds were vaccinated with Coccivac-B52, while trial 2 received no vaccine. Tissue and caecal samples were collected and caecal contents analysed for fermentation metabolites. Differences were considered significant when p ≤ .05. The LIP treatment caecal content in trial 1 at 14 days had greater histamine, agmatine and cadaverine levels, while HIP diets resulted in increased serotonin, tryptamine and spermidine. Histamine, serotonin and tryptamine at day 28 were not affected by IDP, and ammonia was not affected by treatments at day 14 or day 28. At day 14, HIP birds had lower total short-chain fatty acids, higher caecal pH and heavier pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard, jejunum and ileum weights. The same effects of IDP found in trial 1 were observed for histamine, agmatine, cadaverine, serotonin, tryptamine and spermidine at day 21 in trial 2. Trial 2 had a PL-by-IDP interaction influencing tyramine, spermidine (28-LIP > 24-LIP) and spermine with values increasing with PL for LIP diets and remaining constant for HIP diets. An interaction between PL and IDP was found for ammonia level and was similar to interactions for biogenic amines. In conclusion, dietary PL and IDP influence broiler caecal protein fermentation metabolites and those effects varied with coccidiosis vaccination and rearing environment.  相似文献   
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The purpose of the current study was to verify whether there was any validity to the claim that consumers could reduce their exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria by purchasing poultry products that were produced without antibiotics. Rinse samples were taken from whole carcasses from chickens grown in small flocks and marketed as antibiotic-free. Salmonella bacteria were isolated from 18.7% of all the carcasses sampled. Campylobacter bacteria were found on 96.0% of the carcasses tested. More than two-thirds (69.4%) of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic. The antibiotic to which the Salmonella isolates were most commonly resistant was trimethoprim-sulfa, with almost two-thirds (62.9%) of the isolates being resistant to it. Almost three-fourths (73.4%) of the Campylobacter isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic. The most common antibiotic to which Campylobacter isolates were resistant was tetracycline, with almost three-fourths (72.7%) of all Campylobacter isolates being resistant to it.  相似文献   
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养殖业中抗生素滥用和环境污染问题已引起国家和行业的广泛关注。功能微生物可以有效替代养 殖用化学物质,取代激素和抗生素,提高动物综合生长性能,在生态健康养殖中发挥关键作用。为实现我国养 殖业的可持续发展,在动物养殖中应用功能微生物实现生态健康养殖已成为一条重要发展路径。功能微生物的 作用贯穿整个养殖前端、过程和末端:利用功能微生物处理饲料原料,可以有效去除抗营养因子,提高饲料转 化利用率和营养价值;以养殖功能微生物饲喂动物,可以调节肠道微生物群平衡,维持肠道稳态,调节机体免疫; 应用于养殖环境中,可以控制臭气排放和环境病原 , 在养殖废弃物的无害化处理和资源化利用方面也发挥重要作 用。结合有关养殖功能微生物的研究成果,对功能微生物在动物养殖中的应用研究进展进行综述,包括它们在 生物饲料加工、动物肠道健康、养殖环境控制和废弃物处理中的应用及相关作用机制,以期为功能微生物在动 物养殖中的进一步应用与推广提供参考。  相似文献   
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