食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳研究进展

采用文献资料法对食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳的研究进展情况进行了研究。结果表明:食用菌多糖提取方法不同而食用菌多糖的提取率也不相同,超声波法+复合酶法及微波法提取食用菌多糖提取率较高,2种方法科学合理的结合提取食用菌多糖以及不同产地、品种和不同部位提取率是未来学者们需要研究的领域;目前,只是对极少部分食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳进行了研究,研究对象(动物)、模型、指标、评价单一而没有确定最佳剂量的时间而没确定的量。为此,提出了未来应加强和重视食用菌多糖抗疲劳运动多食用菌、多对象(尤其是人)、多模型、多指标、多评价、最佳剂量的研究以及量-效、构-效关系的研究建议。     

松茸多糖对缓解运动员有氧运动疲劳恢复应用研究

通过分析松茸多糖对有氧运动所产生的一系列良好效果,进行松茸多糖对运动员疲劳恢复的相关研究,松茸多糖主要涉及到运动员运动过程当中,其机体所产生的血清尿素(BU)含量、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性的变化。相关研究结果表明,松茸多糖能够对此起到良好的修复作用,有效抑制运动过后所产生的骨骼肌损伤,增强运动员机体抗氧化能力,从而达到恢复疲劳的作用。     

发动机配气机构弹簧有限元分析

气门弹簧是发动机配气机构的重要组件之一,气门弹簧是否符合技术要求是发动机能否正常工作的关键。对弹簧进行强度、刚度、抗疲劳强度以及模态分析,分别采用耦合式有限元分析法和夹板式有限元分析法对弹簧进行了对比分析,发现弹簧内侧为弹簧的易疲劳区,弹簧的强度、刚度、抗疲劳强度满足技术要求,没有共振现象。研究还表明,夹板式有限元分析法比耦合式准确。     

Karanj protein isolate prepared from karanj seed cake: Effect on growth,body composition and physiometabolic responses in Labeo rohita fingerlings

A protein isolate was prepared from karanj seed (KPI) with 921.2 g protein/kg seed, which contained a negligible amount of anti‐nutritional factors and a balanced amino acid composition, especially rich in methionine. For 60‐day feeding trial, five isonitrogenous (300 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (15 MJ DE/kg) diets were formulated by replacing soybean protein isolate (SPI) on protein equivalent basis, KPI‐0 (control, 0 g/kg KPI); KPI‐25 (replacing 250 g/kg SPI protein with KPI); KPI‐50 (replacing 500 g/kg SPI protein with KPI); KPI‐75 (replacing 750 g/kg SPI protein with KPI) and KPI‐100 (replacing 1,000 g/kg SPI protein with KPI) for the feeding of L. rohita. The weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (p > .05) varied among the KPI fed and control groups. A significantly higher hepatosomatic index was recorded in the control and KPI‐25 groups compared with other groups. The whole‐body compositions, except ether extract, did not differ significantly (p > .05) among the groups. Digestive (amylase, protease, lipase and alkaline phosphatase) and metabolic enzyme activities (hexokinase, transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase) and glycogen stores were not significantly affected, whereas intestinal alkaline phosphatase differed significantly (p < .05). The RNA–DNA ratio was significantly (p < .05) higher in the KPI‐75 group. Thus, the study revealed that KPI can completely replace SPI protein at 191 g/kg inclusion level in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings.     

Distribution and Diversity of Salmonella Strains in Shipments of Hatchling Poultry,United States, 2013

Multistate outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with live poultry contact have been occurring with increasing frequency. In 2013, multistate outbreaks of salmonellosis were traced back to exposure to live poultry, some of which were purchased at a national chain of farm stores (Farm store chain Y). This study was conducted at 36 stores of Farm store chain Y and was concurrent with the timing of exposure for the human outbreaks of salmonellosis in 2013. We used environmental swabs of arriving shipment boxes of hatchling poultry and shipment tracking information to examine the distribution, diversity and anti‐microbial resistance of non‐typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) across farm stores and hatcheries. Isolates recovered from shipment boxes underwent serotyping, anti‐microbial resistance (AMR) testing and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Postal service tracking codes from the shipment boxes were used to determine the hatchery of origin. The PFGE patterns were compared with the PFGE patterns of NTS causing outbreaks of salmonellosis in 2013. A total of 219 hatchling boxes from 36 stores in 13 states were swabbed between 15 March 2013 and 18 April 2013. NTS were recovered from 59 (27%) of 219 hatchling boxes. Recovery was not significantly associated with species of hatchlings, number of birds in the shipment box, or the presence of dead, injured or sick birds. Four of the 23 PFGE patterns and 23 of 50 isolates were indistinguishable from strains causing human outbreaks in 2013. For serotypes associated with human illnesses, PFGE patterns most frequently recovered from shipment boxes were also more frequent causes of human illness. Boxes positive for the same PFGE pattern most frequently originated from the same mail‐order hatchery. Only one of 59 isolates was resistant to anti‐microbials used to treat Salmonella infections in people. This study provides critical information to address recurrent human outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with mail‐order hatchling poultry.     

骑跨式机架的随机振动疲劳分析

为了提高矮化密植红枣收获机的工作性能,以骑跨式机架为研究对象,建立有限元模型。对机架进行模态分析,得出机架的固有频率与振型,并与各激励频率范围比较,可知机架的固有频率仍在发动机的激振频率范围之内。为避免机架产生共振,在发动机安装位置添加弹性元件,对机架采用减振方案的谐响应分析,计算得出应力、变形量变化曲线。结合机架结构材料的S-N曲线和线性累积损伤理论,对机架进行疲劳分析,验证机架的可靠性。研究结果表明:减振方案的谐响应分析使机架的最大变形量由2.977mm变到0.358mm,减小了87.974%,明显改善了机架的振动特性;在激振载荷的作用下对添加减振元件前后的机架分别计算疲劳寿命,得出添加减振元件后机架的疲劳寿命为1.84×10~8次,高于1.0×10~6次,满足机架疲劳强度设计要求。     

不同抗热应激添加剂对热应激小鼠精液品质的影响

为探讨抗热应激添加剂对热应激状态下小鼠精液品质的影响,选取年龄和健康状况相近的成年雄性鼠150只,按照常温、热应激、添加剂处理后热应激的方式进行分组试验,对各组精液品质等指标进行统计分析。结果表明,3组热应激添加剂在缓解热应激小鼠的精液品质的影响效果上存在显著差异,其中效果最好的为中药组,其次是电解质组,最后是维生素组。从Hsp70mRNA表达量上来看,抗热应激添加剂组明显高于常温对照组。但与热应激组比较,维生素组与电解质组表达量低,而中药组表达量高。     

防疲劳驾驶系统的设计

设计一套集疲劳驾驶计时功能、疲劳驾驶检测功能、疲劳驾驶警示灯显示功能、GPS疲劳语音提示功能及GPS定位功能于一体的防疲劳驾驶系统,绘制工作流程图.通过模拟驾驶器模拟实际驾驶,对比分析头部位置检测系统、车道偏离报警系统、转向盘监测系统、驾驶员警示系统及PERCLOS系统检测疲劳驾驶的优缺点,得出了PERCLOS系统为最优疲劳驾驶检测方法.依据人因工程理论,给出了车体外部警示灯的位置和颜色的设计方案.