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1.
The use of live animals for educational purposes is an old practice that is still employed in teaching and research institutions. However, there are several objections to this practice, whether for ethical or humanitarian reasons. Surgical techniques teaching using anatomical pieces and/or preserved cadavers promotes greater learning efficiency, provides exercise repetition and increases the confidence and satisfaction of the students when compared to the use of live animals. The current work aimed to analyse the feasibility of using fresh swine urinary bladder and small intestines (jejunum), obtained from slaughterhouses, fixed in 99.8% ethyl alcohol (EA) and preserved in sodium chloride hypersaturated solution (SCHS) at 30%, for 7, 14 and 21 days, as an alternative method for surgical skills training (SST). Swine viscera, fixed in EA and preserved in SCHS, presented a realistic appearance, absence of odour and maintained the viable morphological characteristics during the performance of the operative techniques. Preservation solutions had low cost, were easy to acquire and did not offers risks to human health. Therefore, urinary bladders and small intestines fixed in 99.8% EA for 30 days and maintained in 30% SCHS at different periods were demonstrated as a good viable option as a preservation method for surgical skills training.  相似文献   
2.
【目的】研究苹果砧木枝条主要输导组织解剖特征与矮化性的关系,探讨苹果砧木致矮关键部位。【方法】以不同矮化性的M系苹果砧木植株为试材,以MM106为对照,采用常规石蜡切片法,研究苹果砧木1年生枝各组织尤其是主要输导组织解剖特征与矮化性的关系。【结果】对于苹果砧木1年生枝横截面上不同部位的木质部,导管密度大小顺序均表现为近髓部中部近皮部,导管面积均表现为近皮部与中部差异不显著,但二者显著大于近髓部;M系苹果矮化砧木1年生枝的周皮厚度、皮层厚度、髓部半径、筛管面积均小于或显著小于对照,而导管平均密度、木质部厚度/枝条半径、近皮部导管面积/筛管面积、中部导管面积/筛管面积、近髓部导管面积/筛管面积、导管平均面积/筛管面积均大于或显著大于对照。【结论】对于苹果砧木1年生枝的木质部,从近皮部到近髓部,离髓部越近,导管密度越大、面积越小;M系矮化砧木1年生枝木质部发达,韧皮部生长较弱,M系苹果矮化砧木的致矮关键部位可能是韧皮部。  相似文献   
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Air sacs are considered to be one of the controlling factors of bird behaviour and habits in addition to their roles in ventilation, regulating body temperature, swimming and flight. As a scavenger and an omnivorous flight bird, air sacs of the hooded crow were the focus of this study. Eight healthy, adult hooded crows were used to examine the morphological characteristics of the air sacs, which were examined grossly and with latex and cast preparations. In general, the morphological overview of the hooded crow air sacs is similar to other avian species. We observed nine air sacs; four paired sacs (cervical, cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic and abdominal air sacs) and one unpaired sac; the clavicular air sac. The cervical air sac communicated to the lung through the medioventral bronchus and had three diverticula; intermuscular, subscapular and subcutaneous. The clavicular air sac communicated with lung through the medioventral bronchus and had subscapular, axillary, humeral, subpectoral and sternal diverticula. The cranial and caudal thoracic air sacs were communicated with lung through the lateroventral bronchi and the both sacs did not have any diverticula. The abdominal air sacs were posterior to the caudal thoracic air sacs. The left abdominal sac was the largest air sac. The right and left abdominal sacs gave off branches to diverticula that pneumatized synsacrum. The abdominal air sacs gave off femoral diverticula behind the hip joint as well as perirenal diverticula.  相似文献   
5.
Cockatiels are popular pets. Still, despite medical and surgical relevance, the radiographic anatomy of the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) skeleton, like that of different wild and exotic bird species, has seldom been described. This study set out to describe the radiographic anatomy of the cockatiel skeleton. Twelve adult male and nine adult female specimens were radiographed using a digital X-ray system and different views. The radiographic anatomy of these birds was similar to that of other Psittacidae. However, some particularities inherent to the target species were detected, such as the presence of four flexion zones in the skull (craniofacial, nasal, jugal arch and palatine), complete bony orbit comprising a suborbital arch, 34–38 vertebrae (10 or 11 cervical, 8 or 9 thoracic, 9 or 10 lumbosacral, 5 or 6 caudal vertebrae and a pygostyle comprising 2 fused vertebrae), eight or nine pairs of ribs and a notarium made up of fused T2–T6 vertebrae. Poor radiopacity of the notarium, ribs and respective uncinate processes, and synsacral vertebrae made demarcation of these structures difficult. The appendicular skeleton of the cockatiel was very similar to that of other Psittacidae, and there were no gender-related differences.  相似文献   
6.
The aim of this study was to provide morphometric, anatomic and radiographic data of the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) including a functional interpretation of this, as a reference for clinical use, biomedical research and teaching purposes. Currently, the Patagonian huemul deer is in danger of becoming extinct due to multiple causes. Research carried out for its conservation has focused mainly on its ecology and pathology, leaving gaps in biological knowledge, which is basic and important for its comprehension. This study was conducted to reveal the gross osteology and radiology features of the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian huemul deer. The osteological findings suggest the presence of powerful flexor muscles in the scapulohumeral and elbow joints, useful to cushion the jumps. Also, the principal nutrient foramen of Patagonian huemul differs in position with respect to domestic ungulates, which may be important to consider during surgical procedures. Finally, the radiographic data can provide new information about the tissue loading conditions in Patagonian huemul, so that this new knowledge can be of great importance for a better understanding of mechanically induced or adaptive changes in bone produced by habitat or other ecological phenomena.  相似文献   
7.
硅是地壳内含量第二丰富的元素。近年来,人们开始探索硅的纳米材料在农业领域的运用。为更好地将二氧化硅纳米颗粒应用于园艺植物生产,以黄瓜栽培品种新唐山秋瓜(Cucumissativuscv."QiuguaofNew Tangshan")为材料,采用盆栽的方式研究不同施入量下(0、5、10和20m L)浓度为30%的二氧化硅溶液对黄瓜根系解剖结构、根毛形成、黄瓜叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及气体交换的影响。结果表明,二氧化硅纳米颗粒对黄瓜的根系解剖结构并没有显著的影响,但对根毛形成的影响较大,在每盆20m L二氧化硅溶液条件下的根毛密度最高。施入不同量的二氧化硅溶液对黄瓜叶片光合色素含量均有提高但并不明显,且在较低施入浓度下,光合作用机制得到一定的提高。黄瓜叶片的净光合速率随着二氧化硅施入量的增加逐渐增加,但施入量对蒸腾速率的影响不明显。综上,二氧化硅纳米颗粒通过促进根毛形成以及提高净光合速率能够提高植物的生长机理,进而促进植物生长和产量的提高,将其运用于农业生产及园艺作物生产上具有广阔前景。  相似文献   
8.
为了筛选耐盐樱桃砧木,用于天津市周边轻度盐碱地区栽培,本试验通过徒手切片的方法,研究了两种樱桃砧木在盐胁迫下的叶片解剖结构变化。结果表明:在盐胁迫下,四川樱桃的叶片增厚了3.99%,大青叶的减少了2.68%;大青叶的表皮层细胞增厚了23.6%,四川樱桃的减少了3.84%;大青叶的角质层增厚3.57%,四川樱桃的减少了18.31%;四川樱桃的栅栏组织层变化不大,大青叶的减少了16.42%;四川樱桃的海绵组织层增厚了31.96%,大青叶的增厚了21.27%;四川樱桃的栅栏组织和海绵组织层厚度的比值变小、减少了29.17%,大青叶的减少了20.80%。盐胁迫使大青叶叶片表皮细胞层变厚,角质层加厚,栅栏组织层变薄,海绵组织层加厚,整个叶片变薄。盐胁迫使四川樱桃表皮细胞层变薄,角质层变薄,海绵组织层加厚,整个叶片变厚。从盐胁迫下的2种樱桃叶片结构的变化综合分析认为大青叶的耐盐性明显高于四川樱桃。  相似文献   
9.
为了揭示板蓝根和大青叶外观形状和显微特征与其内在质量的关系,利用光学显微镜和组织化学方法对菘蓝叶和根的显微结构特征以及生物碱类物质在叶和根中的分布情况进行了研究。结果表明:菘蓝叶的上、下表皮上都无毛被;叶的上、下表皮上都分布有无规则型气孔,下表皮的气孔指数明显高于上表皮的。叶肉有栅栏薄壁组织和海绵薄壁组织之分,栅栏组织有2层细胞。根的韧皮部和木质部间有明显的形成层,韧皮部的薄壁细胞中有大量的淀粉粒。生物碱类化合物在叶中分布在包括栅栏组织和海绵组织在内的一些叶肉细胞中,在根中生物碱类化合物主要分布在韧皮部的一些薄壁细胞中。表明菘蓝根的横切面上韧皮部越宽的质量越佳。  相似文献   
10.
Captive leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) often present to the exotic clinic for gastrointestinal impactions, follicular stasis, or dystocia. To our knowledge, normal ultrasonographic anatomy of these lizards has not been described. The objectives of this prospective, anatomic, analytical study were to develop ultrasound techniques for this species and to describe the normal sonographic anatomy of the head, coelomic cavity, and tail. Eleven, healthy, female leopard geckos were included. A linear array 13–18 MHz transducer was used. Geckos were sedated and restrained in dorsal recumbency for coelomic structure examination and in ventral recumbency for head and tail examinations. Sagittal and transverse images were acquired and authors recorded qualitative and quantitative ultrasonographic characteristics of anatomic structures. The ventral surface of the lungs, liver, gallbladder, caudal vena cava, portal vein, ventral abdominal vein, aorta, ovarian follicles, fat bodies, tail, and brain were visualized in 10 of 11 individuals. In one individual, molt precluded ultrasonographic examination. The heart, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, and pancreas were not visualized. The digestive tract was observed in 10 individuals but was too small to be measured. Findings from the current study could be used as a reference for future studies of leopard geckos.  相似文献   
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