Seasonal pattern of shoot emergence and its endogenous control in horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.)

Controlling established horsenettle plants is achieved by suppressing shoot emergence from root systems. The seasonal pattern of shoot emergence and its possible endogenous control in horsenettle ( Solanum carolinense L.) were investigated. The shoot emergence period in an undisturbed population was limited to a seven-week period from mid-April, and a little longer in tilled conditions. Detached roots showed very high shoot-sprouting ability under 15–30°C throughout the year. In shoot clipping experiments, new shoots sprouted only from the stem and not from the root when attached to shoots, whether above-ground or underground. On the contrary, new shoots sprouted from the roots when all parts of the shoots were clipped off. From these results, the limited shoot emergence period in horsenettle is thought to be initiated by temperatures necessary for sprouting and is ended by a growth correlation effect between early emerged and matured shoots.     

Study of some factors affecting the growth and development of myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe)

In order to optimise production of the edible flower buds produced by myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe) a greater understanding of the growth and development of the plant and factors influencing flower initiation and development are required. The vegetative growth phase in myoga was characterised by a distinct period of pseudostem development from the planted rhizome piece followed by an extended period of rhizome growth from both the base of pseudostems and the planted rhizome piece. The transition from pseudostem formation to the initiation of rhizome growth occurred at the same time as the dry weight of the planted rhizome piece ceased to decline. Flower bud initiation and development occurred over an extended period, beginning soon after the commencement of new rhizome growth and ending prior to foliage senescence. Flower buds were observed at the terminal meristem of first, second, third and fourth order rhizomes. Increasing temperatures stimulated both increased vegetative growth and flower bud initiation and development. Low flower bud yields recorded under conditions of low temperature were the result of reduced rate of floral initiation and not abortion of flower buds. Increased shading of plants grown under glasshouse conditions resulted in reduced flower bud yield and similarly the response resulted from decreased initiation rather than abortion.     

湘林黑杨新无性系不同部位水培生根性状研究

对湘林-90等6个杨树新无性系及中汉-17、I-69杨1年生苗,自下而上按4部位分别裁截插穗,进行水培生根试验,探索杨树水培后皮层凸起、先期不定根数量、凸起成根率及根长在无性系、区分段间的分布规律及相关性。     

大量元素对多花黄精不定芽生长和次生代谢物含量的影响

以MS + NAA 1.0 mg/L + KT 1.5 mg/L为基本培养基,多花黄精根茎芽为材料,研究MS培养基中5种大量元素浓度对多花黄精根茎芽生长及黄精多糖和总皂苷2种次生代谢物合成的影响。结果表明：最适合多花黄精根茎芽生长的培养基中硝酸铵和硝酸钾浓度为MS培养基标准浓度的1.5倍,磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁和氯化钙浓度为MS培养基标准浓度的2倍;最适合多花黄精总多糖合成的培养基中磷酸二氢钾浓度为MS培养基标准浓度的2倍,其他元素均是MS培养基中的标准浓度;最适合多花黄精总皂苷合成的培养基中5种大量元素浓度均为MS培养基标准浓度。     

基于改进YOLOv4-tiny的茶叶嫩芽检测模型

精准检测茶叶嫩芽是茶叶机械智能采摘的重要前提。针对茶叶大小不一、遮挡造成的小尺度嫩芽特征显著性弱、漏检率高等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv4-tiny的茶叶嫩芽检测模型。该模型在颈部网络添加52×52的浅层特征层以提高YOLOv4-tiny网络对小目标嫩芽的关注度,通过引入卷积块注意力机制（Convolutional block attention module,CBAM）以抑制背景噪声,提高嫩芽特征的显著性,采用双向特征金字塔网络（Bidirectional feature pyramid network,BiFPN）以融合不同尺度的特征信息,从而提出一个高性能轻量化的茶叶嫩芽检测模型YOLOv4-tiny-Tea。对同一训练集与测试集进行模型训练与性能测试,结果表明YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型检测精确率和召回率分别为97.77%和95.23%,相比改进之前分别提高了5.58个百分点和23.14个百分点。消融试验验证了网络结构改进对不同尺度嫩芽检测的有效性,并将改进后的YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型与3种YOLO系列算法进行对比,发现改进后的YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型F1值比YOLOv3、YOLOv4、YOLOv5l模型分别提高了12.11、11.66和6.76个百分点,参数量仅为3种网络模型的13.57%、13.06%和35.05%。试验结果表明,YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型能有效提高不同尺度下嫩芽检测的精确率,大幅度减少小尺寸或遮挡嫩芽的漏检情况,在保持轻量化计算成本的基础上获得较为明显的检测精度,能够满足农业机器人的实时检测和嵌入式开发的需求,可以为茶叶嫩芽智能采摘方法提供参考。     

蝴蝶兰原球茎和丛生芽增殖条件优化

分别以蝴蝶兰(Phalaenop spp)原球茎(Protocorm like body,PLB)和幼芽为外植体,研究了蝴蝶兰原球茎和丛生芽增殖的适宜条件。结果表明,适合于原球茎增殖的培养基为1/3MS+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂8 g/L+活性炭2 g/L+CM 200 mL/L。适合于丛生芽增殖的培养基为1/3MS+TDZ 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂8 g/L+活性炭2 g/L+CM 200 mL/L。TDZ的效果好于6-BA。对丛生芽的切割能显著提高增殖倍数。     

Genome-wide identification of WOX gene family in apple and a functional analysis of MdWOX4b during adventitious root formation

The plant-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX) genes are crucial for plant growth and development.Here,we systematically identified the MdWOX gene family in apple at the genome-wide level,and analyzed the phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structure,and syntenic relationships of the MdWOX genes.A total of 18 MdWOX genes were identified and phylogenetic analysis placed them into three clades.The phylogenetic relationships among the WOXs were further supported by the analyses of ge...     

俄罗斯欧洲花楸观赏性研究

俄罗斯欧洲花楸是世界著名观赏树种之一,与我国本地野生品种百花山花楸相比在观赏性上有着非常明显的优势。研究结果表明:俄罗斯花楸在侧枝数量、总花量、结果量、坐果率方面都要优于本地的野生花楸,在城市绿化方面的优势非常明显。     

夏威夷菠萝高效再生体系研究

采用菠萝试管苗的叶片、叶鞘、茎段和茎薄片作外植体,以MS或1/2 MS为基本培养基,应用正交试验设计方法研究了不同浓度的2,4-D、6-BA、NAA和AgNO3对夏威夷菠萝不定芽的诱导效果,并在添加不同激素组合的培养基中进行芽的增殖和生根培养研究.结果表明,茎段为诱导不定芽的最佳外植体,6-BA是影响不定芽产生的最主要因素.其中MS 6-BA 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L AgNO3 2.0 mg/L为不定丛芽诱导的最佳培养基,诱导率为83.3%;MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L为芽增殖的最佳培养基,可分化成绿色小苗;1/2 MS IBA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L为小苗生根的最佳培养基,生根粗壮,生根率达100%.