Movement behaviour of large female yellow European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in a freshwater polder area

Due to a recruitment decline of more than 90% in 30 years, the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) has been classified by IUCN as critically endangered. Although the species has been studied intensively to obtain knowledge to improve management, studies about the resident yellow stage are relatively scarce. In this study, 52 large female yellow eels were tagged with acoustic transmitters in a Belgian polder system and tracked by a network of 23 automatic listening stations. We studied both circadian and seasonal movement patterns and the effect of environmental variables on these patterns. Large female yellow eels were most active at night in late summer and early autumn. A generalised linear mixed model showed that their movement is only slightly influenced by environmental variables. Moreover, as yellow eels show high site fidelity (i.e., the majority was detected only in the habitat type of their catch‐release location), they do not encounter many human‐induced connectivity problems in polder systems, which makes these systems highly suitable as eel growth habitat. These results can contribute to an effective eel management regarding habitat protection and restoration.     

First evidence of spawning migration by goldfish (Carassius auratus); implications for control of a globally invasive species

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) was one of the first fishes to be domesticated and has been widely introduced across the globe, but is now considered one of the world's worst invasive aquatic species. Surprisingly, there is a dearth of information on its spatial and temporal movement patterns, which hampers the development of effective control programmes. We examined the movement patterns of an introduced population of C. auratus in a south‐western Australian river using passive acoustic telemetry. The study population had a high residency index within the array (i.e. proportion of all days at liberty that, on average, each fish was detected by a receiver) with fish being detected on 64% of days. The individuals were also reasonably mobile, travelling a mean of 0.30 km (linear river kilometres).day^‐1 within the array, and one fish moved 231.3 km over the 365‐day study period (including 5.4 km in a 24 hr period). Importantly, C. auratus displayed significant seasonal movement patterns including a clear shift in habitats during its breeding period with most mature individuals being detected in an off‐channel wetland during that time. The results of this study strongly suggest that C. auratus undertook a spawning migration into a lentic habitat. These results have important implications for developing control programmes for the species, such as targeting connections to off‐channel lentic systems during its breeding period.     

大连市中心区声环境功能区划调整研究

在分析了大连市中心区声环境功能区划调整必要性的基础上,全面评估了现有区划实施效果,以问题为导向提出了区划调整的方法体系,并阐述了区划调整结果的可行性,为城市环境噪声管理和防治提供科学依据。     

基于改进VMD的离心泵空化声发射信号特征提取

针对变分模态分解算法中分解层数和惩罚因子不易确定的问题,提出一种改进变分模态分解(improved variational mode decomposition,IVMD)算法,并将其应用于离心泵空化声发射信号特征提取.应用IVMD算法时,首先根据包络熵差异系数确定变分模态分解的分解层数;然后采用人工蜂群算法优化得出惩罚因子,并将其作为变分模态分解的最佳输入参数.利用IVMD算法对仿真信号进行分析,并与集合经验模态分解结果进行比较.以60%额定流量下采集到的离心泵进口处的声发射信号为例进行IVMD计算,分析携带原信号大量信息的信号分量的频域特征及其绝对能量随离心泵空化状态变化的关系.结果表明:IVMD算法能够择优确定分解层数和惩罚因子,实现非平稳信号的自适应分解.反映离心泵空化状态的声发射信号特征频率集中在50,100 kHz及其附近.随着离心泵空化从无到有、从弱到强的变化,这2个特征频率范围信号分量绝对能量值呈“基本保持不变-减小-增大”的变化规律.     

Movement patterns of seaward migrating European eel (Anguilla anguilla) at a complex of riverine barriers: implications for conservation

River infrastructure such as weirs and hydropower stations commonly present migrating fish with multiple potential passage routes. Knowledge of the cues fish use to navigate such environments is required to protect migrants from hazardous areas and guide them towards safe passage; however, this is currently lacking for many species. Employing high‐resolution positioning telemetry, this study examined movements of downstream migrating adult European eel, Anguilla anguilla, as they encountered a complex of water control structures in one location on the River Stour, southern England. The distribution of eels across five potential routes of passage differed from that predicted based on proportion of discharge alone. Certain routes were consistently avoided, even when the majority of flow passed through them. Passage distribution was partially explained by avoidance in the vicinity of a floating debris boom. Movement paths were nonrandomly distributed across the forebay and eels moved predominantly within a zone 2–4 m from the channel walls. Understanding of avoidance and structure oriented movementation exhibited by eels will help advance effective guidance and downstream passage solutions for adults.     

基于声发射技术的木材害虫信号特征检测

针对木材害虫声发射（AE）信号检测问题，研究杨树木段中麻点豹天牛幼虫AE信号波形特征及其信号的能量，为钻蛀害虫声音的监测提出一种新的方法。取一段具有麻点豹天牛幼虫的杨树木段，通过采样频率为500 kHz的2通道木材蠕变声发射信号采集系统采集原始AE信号。对采集到的原始信号滤波后进行小波分解，通过对各层高频信号的分析获取AE信号的频域特征，并对其进行重构与信号解析。结果表明，麻点豹天牛幼虫AE信号的主频主要集中在30 kHz附近，其信号的能量在16:00最高，反映了该幼虫在15:00-16:00较活跃。     

垂直轴风力机翼型涡流噪声的数值分析

为了了解垂直轴风力机翼型涡流噪声特性,以LUT翼型为研究对象,首先利用Fluent进行流场分析,流场计算选用DES湍流模型,再结合Lighthill声类比方法计算翼型周围声场,将数值模拟计算得到的气动特性相关数据与该翼型的风洞试验结果作对比分析,同时分析了不同攻角对该翼型气动噪声特性的影响,最后研究了在攻角为8°时不同雷诺数对该翼型的声压级指向性特征影响.结果表明:数值计算所得气动数据与风动试验数据拟合良好,建立的仿真模型、网格质量和边界条件合理有效;随攻角增加,翼型涡脱落从尾缘向前缘推进,同时涡流脱落强度增大,气动噪声增强;随着雷诺数的增加,翼型四周声压级先增加后减小;雷诺数与声压级关联较大,控制叶片雷诺数有助于降低叶片噪声,为该翼型适用于低噪声垂直轴叶片提供理论基础.     

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses: implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that maximize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success. Relevant studies in aquatic animals, particularly marine mammals, are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments. This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-based fishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation. In the present study, a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asian finless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asian finless porpoises and their prey. The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period. Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities of fish choruses. During spring, fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon, and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected. During autumn, when fish choruses were absent, porpoise detection rates decreased, and diurnal patterns were not detected. The close association between fish choruses and finless porpoise activities implies an “eavesdropping” feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains, similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies. Underwater noise pollution, particularly those masking fish choruses, could interrupt finless porpoises’ feeding success. Fisheries competing soniferous fishes with finless porpoise could impact finless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption, in addition to fishing gear entanglement.     

Using acoustic telemetry and snorkel surveys to study diel activity and seasonal migration of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in an estuary of the Western Baltic Sea

In just two decades, round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas) has dispersed throughout most of the Baltic and the North American Great Lakes. It thrives in shallow sheltered areas, where it is impacting native fauna. In Denmark, researchers, governmental institutions and fishers have joined in an effort to establish a sustainable round goby fishery. To do so, basic information about the movement of round goby is essential, so the movements of 50 round gobies were tracked using acoustic telemetry. The results revealed that activity took place mainly at night and seasonal migrations were common. The most frequent migration behaviour observed was a seaward return migration during winter, which was further confirmed by a snorkel survey. Tracking data also revealed riverine upstream dispersal. The results demonstrate that the round goby can be mapped using telemetry, and it is suggested that fishing for round goby may improve efficiency by targeting seasonal migration corridors.     

Space use and inferred spawning activity of three exploited gamefish species on a large artificial reef

Intense fishing pressure has led to changes in species composition, demography and the over‐exploitation of many coastal fishes. To restore populations, artificial reefs (ARs) are used with the assumption that new habitat will increase fish productivity. Kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus), barred sand bass (P. nebulifer) and California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) are three important recreational gamefish species in southern California. Home ranging behaviour, space use and spawning‐related activity of these three species were quantified on a large AR. Kelp bass used the largest amount of area, but space use was similar among species. While no spawning behaviour could be determined for sheephead, kelp bass exhibited two different activity patterns during spawning months and barred sand bass migrated (indicative of spawning). Results of this study indicate that this large AR is providing suitable habitat for these species, and spawning‐related activity could be a sign that this AR is meeting essential life history demands.