Antibacterial Activity of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus

New compounds are needed to treat acne and superficial infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus due to the reduced effectiveness of agents used at present. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are attracting attention as potential new topical treatments for Gram-positive infections due to their antimicrobial potency and anti-inflammatory properties. This present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of six LC-PUFAs against P. acnes and S. aureus to evaluate their potential to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined against P. acnes and S. aureus, and the LC-PUFAs were found to inhibit bacterial growth at 32–1024 mg/L. Generally, P. acnes was more susceptible to the growth inhibitory actions of LC-PUFAs, but these compounds were bactericidal only for S. aureus. This is the first report of antibacterial activity attributed to 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (15-OHEPA) and 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (HETrE), while the anti-P. acnes effects of the six LC-PUFAs used herein are novel observations. During exposure to the LC-PUFAs, S. aureus cells were killed within 15–30 min. Checkerboard assays demonstrated that the LC-PUFAs did not antagonise the antimicrobial potency of clinical agents used presently against P. acnes and S. aureus. However, importantly, synergistic interactions against S. aureus were detected for combinations of benzoyl peroxide with 15-OHEPA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and HETrE; and neomycin with 15-OHEPA, DGLA, eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid and HETrE. In conclusion, LC-PUFAs warrant further evaluation as possible new agents to treat skin infections caused by P. acnes and S. aureus, especially in synergistic combinations with antimicrobial agents already used clinically.     

佛手和甜橙果汁及挥发油对油酸致兔耳痤疮的预防作用

为研究佛手和甜橙的果汁及挥发油对兔耳痤疮的预防作用，采用兔耳内侧涂抹油酸形成痤疮模型，将新西兰兔分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组(灌胃复方珍珠暗疮胶囊)、佛手汁和挥发油高低剂量组、甜橙汁和挥发油高低剂量组，分别灌胃对应成分，观察兔耳组织病理学及检测兔耳组织皮脂分泌量、氧化应激指标和炎症因子的变化。结果表明:1)经过油酸诱导的新西兰兔耳，皮肤粗糙增厚且毛囊口扩张并隆起，并出现一定量的红色丘疹和脓包，兔耳组织中甘油三酯、丙二醛含量增加、炎症因子表达水平增加、抗氧化能力显著下降(P<0.05)；2)与模型组相比，各干预组均可降低兔耳组织甘油三酯、丙二醛、炎症因子表达水平，提高抗氧化物含量，改善兔耳的痤疮程度；3)在成分干预组中，甜橙挥发油对痤疮的抑制效果最佳，其次是佛手挥发油，果汁效果较差。因此，佛手和甜橙挥发油都具有良好的改善油酸致兔耳痤疮的效果，并且甜橙挥发油的效果最佳。     

中药结合刺络拔罐治疗寻常型痤疮的疗效观察

目的 评估中药结合刺络拔罐疗法对寻常型痤疮患者的治疗效果。方法 挑选100例寻常型痤疮患者,随机分成两组（各50例）,对照组单纯服用自拟方痤疮合剂,观察组则在对照组基础上行刺络拔罐法,考察两组治疗后皮损改善情况、生活质量评分及复发率情况并进行比较。结果 治疗后,两组患者皮损评分显著低于治疗前（P<0.01）,且观察组患者皮损评分显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组复发率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后两组生活质量评分均明显上升,且观察组显著高于对照组,两组差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 中药结合刺络拔罐疗法能明显改善患者的皮损状况,提高寻常型痤疮的治疗效果和生活质量,减少痤疮的复发率,值得临床进一步研究和推广。     

清热消痤颗粒对炎症性痤疮患者炎症细胞因子水平的影响

目的 观察清热消痤颗粒治疗炎症性痤疮对患者炎症细胞因子水平的影响。方法 选取我院门诊于2013年7月～2015年12月收治的青春期炎症性痤疮患者81例作为研究对象,分为观察组（43例）与对照组（38例）。观察组应用清热消痤颗粒治疗,对照组口服丹参酮颗粒。比较两组治疗前后中医证候积分、治疗总有效率、治疗前后炎症细胞因子水平（IL-4、IFN-γ）、不良反应发生率。结果 两组治疗前的中医证候积分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后两组中医证候积分均降低（P<0.01）,观察组中医证候积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。观察组治疗总有效率为88.4%,高于对照组68.4%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后两组炎症细胞因子IL-4水平均降低、IFN-γ水平均升高（P<0.05）,且观察组IL-4水平低于对照组、IFN-γ水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。观察组与对照组的不良反应发生率分别为7.0%、10.5%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 清热消痤颗粒治疗炎症性痤疮可疏风清热、化瘀解毒,切中病机,并降低IL-4、升高IFN-γ,且不良反应少。     

牛结节性皮肤病的防控

牛结节性皮肤病是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒感染牛只导致的一种传染病,肉牛、亚洲水牛、奶牛易感。该病发病时以全身皮肤广泛性结节为特征,因此又叫牛疙瘩皮肤病,除皮肤病变外还可能有发热,体表淋巴结肿大,口、鼻和眼部溃疡,鼻和眼部伴有分泌物,四肢及腹部、会阴等部位水肿等临床表现,死亡率低,但发病率高,传染性强,严重影响牛的生长发育和生产。2019年8月我国新疆伊利首次报道了该病,随后在福建、江西、广东等地发现了该病的流行。该病通过临床症状和流行病学调查可做出初步诊断,确诊需要通过实验室诊断。我国对该病的防控主要采取免疫、隔离、扑杀、消毒等综合性的防控措施。     

Feline acne and results of treatment with mupirocin in an open clinical trial: 25 cases (1994–96)

Clinical and diagnostic parameters, and response to topical mupirocin in 25 cats with feline acne are described. The chin was the most common area affected, but the lower lip, upper lip and the commissure of the lips also frequently had lesions. The most common clinical sign was the presence of crusts, followed by comedones, erythema, alopecia, pruritus and nodules/fistulas. Deep skin scrapings for ectoparasites, cytological examination of superficial skin scrapings, and fungal cultures from the chin were performed on all cats. Dermatophytes were cultured from two cats and Malassezia pachydermatis was cultured ( n  = 2), seen on cytology smears ( n  = 1), or noted on histopathology ( n  = 1). Skin biopsies were obtained from three of the cats and most commonly showed dilatation of sebaceous gland ducts, neutrophilic or pyogranulomatous infiltration of the sebaceous glands, and pyogranulomatous inflammation of the dermis.
All cats were treated with topical 2% mupirocin ointment twice daily for 3 weeks as the sole treatment. Treatment response was excellent in 15 cats and good in nine cats. One cat had a contact reaction to the mupirocin, necessitating stopping treatment. The response to treatment of the six cats with dermatophyte or years involvement was good ( n  = 3) or excellent ( n  = 3).     

红蓝光联合中药面膜治疗玫瑰痤疮的临床观察

目的 探讨红蓝光联合中药面膜治疗玫瑰痤疮的临床治疗效果。方法 将纳入研究组的86例玫瑰痤疮患者按照完全随机分配的方法分为实验组与对照组,各43例。实验组患者给予红蓝光联合中药面膜治疗,对照组患者给予常规西药甲硝唑凝胶治疗,观察并记录实验组与对照组治疗后的临床治疗效果、临床疗状积分、不良反应与复发情况。结果 治疗4周后,实验组患者的总有效率为83.7%高于对照组的53.5%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后实验组临床症状积分（红斑、丘疹脓疱、瘙痒、毛细血管扩张、总积分）均低于治疗前和对照组（P<0.05）,实验组复发率低于对照组（P<0.05）,不良反应两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 中药面膜联合红蓝光治疗玫瑰痤疮起效快,疗效好,维持疗效时间长复发率低,不良反应少,值得临床推广。     

Mupirocin, fusidic acid and bacitracin: activity, action and clinical uses of three topical antibiotics

Antibiotics applied to the skin must be formulated in a base that is nonirritant and nontoxic. They may have a narrow or fairly wide spectrum of activity but should produce no local reaction or sensitization; the commensal flora should not be affected unduly. Three antibiotics that have been used topically in humans and animals are fusidic acid, mupirocin and bacitracin, all of which have a narrow antibacterial spectrum. When applied to intact skin, fusidic acid penetrates more rapidly than other antibiotics. Clinically, the frequency of staphylococcal resistance to it and to mupirocin has remained low. Fusidic acid and mupirocin have been recommended for the treatment of acute staphylococcal skin lesions. However, the use of topical antibiotics for the treatment of chronic or recurring dermatitis and surgical or infected wounds may be inappropriate because of possible development of resistance and sensitization. Topical use of bacitracin may produce treatment failure and sensitization.     

石榴皮多酚对痤疮丙酸杆菌体外抑菌活性的研究

目的 研究石榴皮多酚对痤疮主要致病菌——痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑制作用。方法 首先用生长抑制试验(牛津杯法)确定石榴皮多酚醇提物对痤疮丙酸杆菌是否存在抑制作用,然后通过药基琼脂稀释法观察它对痤疮丙酸杆菌的MIC来评价该药物对所测细菌的抑制作用。结果 石榴皮多酚醇提物500、300、100 mg/mL对痤疮丙酸杆菌ATCC11827具有较强的抑菌活性,其对痤疮丙酸杆菌的MIC为20 mg/mL。结论 石榴皮多酚醇提物在体外具有明确的抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌活性的作用。     

茶树油对3种痤疮致病菌的抑制作用研究

探讨茶树油在缓解痤疮方面的功效,为茶树油在抑菌方面的推广应用提供依据.采用茶树油对3种痤疮致病菌(痤疮丙酸杆菌S21016菌株、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌)进行定性、定量的抗菌性研究.定性试验中,采用贴片法测定茶树油对3种痤疮致病菌的抑菌圈大小;定量试验中,采用试管培养法测定茶树油对3种菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC).试...