喷施乙烯利对‘HAES900’澳洲坚果果实脱落和品质的影响

为解决澳洲坚果采收难和采收成本高的关键问题,以‘HAES900’澳洲坚果成龄结果树为材料,在采收期分别喷施低浓度梯度(0.40、0.65、0.90 g/L)和高浓度梯度(0.80、1.30、1.80 g/L)的乙烯利溶液,对喷施乙烯利溶液后的落果率、果柄附着力和果实品质进行了调查和分析。结果表明,低浓度乙烯利对果实脱落有促进作用,但落果率达不到生产要求;喷施1.80 g/L的乙烯利溶液2周和4周后的落果率分别达到98.75%和100.00%,可满足生产要求;喷施浓度为0.80、1.30和1.80 g/L的乙烯利会使果柄附着力显著降低,且果柄附着力与落果率呈极显著负相关;果柄附着力可作为判断澳洲坚果适宜采收期的指标之一。采用本方法采收对壳果含水量、单壳果重、壳果平均横径、单果仁重、出仁率和一级果仁率等品质参数无显著影响,且可缩短澳洲坚果采收周期,降低采收成本。     

Leaf-fall phenology along a topography-mediated environmental gradient in a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan

Leaf-fall phenology was studied in a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in central Japan in relation to the topographic environmental gradients that occur along a short mountain slope. Leaf-fall phenology was described quantitatively using data from leaf litter collected along the slope. In autumn, leaf fall at the study site tended to occur slightly earlier on the upper slope than on the lower slope. This pattern was found at both the stand and the species levels. Our results suggest that leaf-fall phenology may be affected by difference in microclimatic conditions, because environmental conditions are thought to be more severe on the upper slope than on the lower slope. The less intensive methods used in this study, the litter trap method, and Dixon’s model succeeded in quantifying the phenological patterns of leaf fall within stands and within species along the short mountain slope.     

不同灌溉方式对农田土壤性状和花生落果率的影响

于2014―2015年度麦茬花生生长季,设置移动式管灌、微喷带灌溉和不灌溉3种处理,研究了不同灌溉方式下农田土壤体积质量、土壤孔隙度、水稳定性土壤团聚体组成、花生产量和花生落果率的变化。结果表明,与移动式管灌处理相比,微喷带灌溉处理的土壤体积质量、粒径小于0.25 mm水稳定性土壤团聚体数量和花生落果率分别降低了7.6%、6.4%和66.8%,土壤孔隙度增加了8.4%,而2处理间花生产量没有显著差异。综合考虑花生产量,土壤物理性状和花生落果率的变化,微喷带灌溉是试验条件下能够降低花生收获难度的灌溉方式。     

Inheritance of tree and fruit characters in progenies from crosses of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

Summary Approximately 1000 seedlings from 20 combinations crossed in 1979, 1980 and 1981 (Theiler-Hedtrich 1985a) were tested for several characters: fruit set (yield), fruit size, fruit colour, formation of abscission layer and bleeding after fruit removal from fruit stalks, bacterial canker resistance, flowering and harvesting time. From progeny of crosses with Stella as pollinator, 56% (Vittoria × Stella) and 46% (Schüttler × Stella) of the seedlings were self-compatible, of which 14 were high yielding with good fruit size and quality. From the data recorded it can be concluded:fruit set is a recessive character; only 5 to 20% of very good yielding seedlings were obtained in different progeny, even if the parental plants were both very good croppers.Fruit juice and skin colour was in most progenies ‘black’ even if they were from combinations with ‘white’ varieties, e.g., Merton Glory or Schüttler. Only from the combination Schiittler (‘white’) × Stella (‘black’), 50% of the seedlings were ‘white’; Stella therefore is heterozygous for the character of fruit juice and skin colour.Fruit size is evenly distributed in progeny with respect to the fruit size of their parent plants.Abscission layer formation and non-bleeding is a genetically complex character. In combinations where both parent plants formed fruits with complete abscission layers and which were not bleeding after fruit removal from the stalk, this character was inherited only to 50% (Vittoria × Schüttler) or 85% (Vittoria × Frühe von der Weid) in the progeny. For the genetical control of this character further studies are necessary.Bacterial canker susceptibility was evenly distributed in seedlings from all combinations even if the highly resistant cv. Vittoria was used as one parent plant, thereby not confirming the expected results of a higher proportion of resistant seedlings from combinations with Vittoria.Flowering and harvest time of the seedlings from different combinations was within the range of the parent plants. Only in the combination of Vittoria × Stella (mid-to late-ripening season) one seedling out of 99 was found to form ripe fruits two weeks earlier than the parental plants. From the seedlings tested 40 have been chosen for further evaluation or genetical studies.     

Low light intensity and flower bud abortion in Asiatic hybrid lilies. I. Genetic variation among cultivars and progenies of a diallel cross

Summary When Asiatic lilies are forced during the winter period, additional light is needed to prevent flower bud abscission and flower bud blasting. Growth room experiments showed considerable differences among eight lily cultivars in their response to low light. Among these cultivars, Connecticut King and Enchantment appeared to be the most sensitive to low light conditions while Uncle Sam and Scout were the least sensitive.Analysis of an incomplete diallel cross between nine cultivars showed significant differences in general combining ability (GCA) for flower bud abortion, number of buds, forcing time, plant height and leaf scorch under winter greenhouse conditions. Enchantment had the highest positive GCA for bud abortion, indicating a high sensitivity to low light conditions. Uncle Sam had the lowest GCA. Pirate and Scout appeared to have a high GCA for sensitivity to leaf scorch. Connecticut King was found to be a probable source of cytoplasmic male sterility. The data suggest that male sterility is associated with better response to low light conditions.     

热胁迫对大豆花荚离层细胞HSP70基因表达、能量供应及花荚脱落率的影响

实验运用Northern blot检测和生理生化分析等技术研究热胁迫对大豆(Glycine max)品种花荚离层细胞的HSP70基因表达、能量供应及花荚脱落的影响。结果显示，热胁迫能够提高所有6个供试大豆品种花荚离层细胞的HSP70基因表达水平、线粒体及其蛋白含量以及细胞色素氧化酶表达量，而不同程度地降低了所有供试品种的花荚脱落率。结果说明，大豆花荚离层细胞HSP70基因的高效表达可能是通过有效地改善花荚离层细胞的能量供应，从而达到抑制花荚脱落的目的。关键词: 大豆；热胁迫；HSP70基因；线粒体；细胞色素氧化酶；花荚脱落率     

艳山姜切花花蕾脱落的控制

对艳山姜(Alpinia zerumbet)切花最佳采收时期和控制其花蕾脱落的保鲜液及预处理方法进行了研究.结果表明,艳山姜切花在花枝发育良好而花序总苞片未脱落时采收最佳;硫代硫酸银(STS)和Al2(SO4)3可有效控制艳山姜花蕾的脱落,是其较理想的瓶插保鲜剂;200 mg/L 8-HQC 5%SUC 5 mg/L 6-BA预处液同时结合10℃预冷处理4 h可有效降低艳山姜切花花蕾的脱落率.     

Silver thiosulphate: An experimental tool in plant science

The anti-ethylene properties of silver thiosulphate (STS) are reviewed. Because of the specificity of the silver ion in STS, ethylene sensitive and non-sensitive components can be distinguished in studies on the effects of ethylene on plant growth and development. The ability of STS to prevent wilting in cut flowers and petal drop in potted flowering plants, and to induce sex transformations in female plants, together with its relative ease of application and low cost per plant, are arguments in favour of using STS in commercial horticulture.     

一种测定龙眼果柄离层纤维素酶活性的方法

介绍一种测定离层纤维素酶活性的新方法—凝胶扩散-组织印迹法.给出了该测定方法的基本原理、流程、步骤及计算方法,并以此方法测定了龙眼果实脱落过程中果柄离层纤维素酶活性的变化.结果表明该方法需要材料少,灵敏度高,纤维素酶活性最低可检出2×10-6U.     

TDZ处理对棉花叶片脱落率及酶活性的影响

【目的】研究棉花在 TDZ (Thidiazuron, TDZ)处理后叶片脱落的机制。【方法】以中棉所35号、新陆早19号、农大5号、XND1378和新陆早50号5个棉花品种为材料,于2017和2018年在塔城沙湾新疆农业大学棉花基地和塔城奎屯农七师农科所实验地,吐絮期分别设置两个处理 T1(大田喷施 TDZ 时间前4 d)和 T2(与大田处理时间相同), TDZ 处理后,研究脱叶率,根据脱叶率给5个棉花品种排序,于0、6、18、42、66和96 h测定叶托、叶片、叶柄的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和纤维素酶活性,统计叶片脱落率、吐絮率和棉花产量。【结果】喷施 TDZ 后,T1的棉花产量显著低于 CK 和 T2 (P＜0.05);两个处理下棉花各材料的脱落率和吐絮率均极显著高于 CK (P＜0.01);叶托的 PG 活性在6、18 、42、66和96 h五个时期显著高于 CK (P＜0.05);纤维素酶活性在6、66 和96 h三个时期显著高于 CK (P＜0.05),在18、42 h两个时期极显著高于 CK (P＜0.01)。【结论】中棉所35号和新陆早50号对TDZ最敏感,TDZ处理可调节脱落叶片的 PG 活性和纤维素酶活性,提高叶片脱落率,有利于棉花机械采收。