Effects of DHRS3 in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Injury

Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development. C2 C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family) member 3(DHRS3) is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol. Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation. However, the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear. The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation, and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration. Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2 C12 myoblast differentiation respectively, which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2 C12 myoblast differentiation. DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration, with the regeneration of muscle injury, the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease. It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration. In summary, this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2 C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.     

CnAβ基因对大鼠RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒的影响

过敏是人和养殖动物常见的疾病，而且发生的频率呈现逐渐增加的趋势。为了深入了解过敏反应的机制，本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术，构建钙调磷酸酶A beta （calcineurin A beta，CnAβ）基因敲除的大鼠RBL-2H3细胞株，并探讨CnAβ基因对RBL-2H3细胞生长及脱颗粒的影响。选取大鼠CnAβ基因第一外显子为敲除靶点，设计并合成3个单导向RNA （single guide RNA，sgRNA），构建pX459-CnAβ-sgRNA质粒，并用脂质体3000将构建好的质粒转染到RBL-2H3细胞内；利用嘌呤霉素对转染细胞进行筛选，通过DNA测序验证获得CnAβ基因敲除的RBL-2H3细胞株；并检测CnAβ基因缺失对细胞增殖和脱颗粒的影响。结果表明，成功构建了CnAβ单基因敲除的大鼠RBL-2H3细胞株；CnAβ基因缺失对RBL-2H3细胞增殖、细胞的颗粒形成以及颗粒含量无显著影响，但显著抑制由细胞表面受体介导的RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒作用。该研究结果有助于深入了解动物过敏性疾病的发生机制，为动物过敏性疾病的预防提供了理论基础。     

山羊TNNT3基因可变剪切及其对骨骼肌细胞分化的作用

【目的】快速骨骼肌肌钙蛋白T（fast skeletal troponin T3,TNNT3）作为肌钙蛋白(troponin, Tn)家族成员,调节横纹肌收缩、参与骨骼肌的生长发育并影响家畜肉质性状。通过获得山羊TNNT3基因的可变剪切体,分析山羊TNNT3基因可变剪切的表达模式及其在肌细胞分化中的作用,深入解析TNNT3基因在山羊骨骼肌生长发育过程中的作用机制。【方法】基于NCBI已公布山羊TNNT3基因（NM_001314210.1）和牛TNNT3基因（XM_010821200）mRNA序列,使用软件Primer Premier 6.0设计引物,以简州大耳羊胚胎期和出生后7个阶段骨骼肌为试验材料,克隆测序获得山羊TNNT3基因的CDS区可变剪切体,利用软件ORF Finder、EditSeq、DNAMAN、ClustalW和MEGA_X_10.1.8等对序列进行生物信息学分析;进一步设计实时荧光定量（real-time PCR,RT-qPCR）及半定量引物,研究TNNT3基因剪切体在7个不同组织（背最长肌（longissimus dorsi muscle,LD）、半膜肌（semimembranosus muscle,SM）、心、肝、脾、肺、肾）和7个发育阶段（胚胎期E75、E90、E105和出生后B3、B45、B150、B300）肌肉组织（背最长肌和半膜肌）中表达模式;此外,对转录本TNNT3_3进行体外编码能力检测确定其具有编码蛋白的能力,并在山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞（skeletal muscle satellite cells,MuSCs）中过表达,观察细胞形态变化以及检测标志基因的表达变化,研究其对山羊MuSCs分化的作用。【结果】①TNNT3（NM_001314210.1）CDS区全序列主要含有18个外显子,其中外显子16/17相互排斥,转录后单一表达。克隆发现山羊TNNT3基因 5个新转录本（TNNT3_1—5）,其外显子数分别是15、15、20、16、14。②生物信息学分析结果显示山羊TNNT3基因核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列与绵羊、牛、猪等哺乳动物具有很高的一致性,而与鱼类和爬行类动物的一致性较低,说明TNNT3基因序列在哺乳动物高度保守。③TNNT3 mRNA在背最长肌、半膜肌、心、肝、脾、肺、肾7个组织中都有表达,其中在骨骼肌中高度富集(P < 0.01),心脏及肺次之,其余组织中较低;TNNT3 mRNA在背最长肌和半膜肌中的表达始终处于一个动态变化中,胚胎期TNNT3在半膜肌的表达量高于背最长肌（P<0.05）;出生后则背最长肌中高于半膜肌（P<0.05）。④山羊TNNT3基因转录本TNNT3_3重复出现保守的外显子9—11（138bp）,体外翻译实验显示其可编码蛋白且蛋白大小与预期基本相符（37 kD）;相较于对照组,在山羊MuSCs中过表达该转录本使肌分化标志基因Myomaker、MyoG和MyH4 mRNA极显著升高(P < 0.01)。【结论】获得了山羊TNNT3基因具有完整CDS区5个新可变剪切体,TNNT3主要在肌肉组织（背最长肌和半膜肌）中高表达,在哺乳动物中高度保守且促进成肌分化。初步表明TNNT3基因在动物肌肉生长发育中具有重要的生物学功能。     

翠竹及菲白竹LEA3同源基因的克隆及序列分析

竹类植物在中国有着非常悠久的栽培历史,并被广泛应用于园林、造林、庭院以及食品等行业。本研究以翠竹和菲白竹为材料提取其叶片总DNA,采用PCR方法获得翠竹SpLEA3基因与菲白竹SfLEA3-1、SfLEA3-2基因;其中SpLEA3全长804 bp,编码195个氨基酸,GC含量为68.4%;SfLEA3-1全长803 bp,编码195个氨基酸,GC含量为68.2%;SfLEA3-2全长557 bp,编码144个氨基酸,GC含量为67.8%。通过ProtParamy等生物软件分析,SpLEA3、SfLEA3-1和SfLEA3-2与贵州悬竹LEA3基因同源性高达61%以上,且3个基因编码蛋白均属于亲水性蛋白。源自2个竹种LEA3基因均包含一个完整的开放阅读框,其编码的氨基酸含有4~6个由11个氨基酸组成的保守基元序列。本研究不仅为深入了解竹类植物抗旱的分子机理研究提供了基础数据,也为竹类植物的抗旱育种后续研究提供了科学依据。     

通过GbF3’H基因单独沉默及其与GbCHI和GbDFR基因共沉默研究其在海岛棉中抗枯萎病功能

【目的】通过沉默海岛棉GbF3’H基因及共沉默GbF3’H、GbCHI和Gb DFR基因,研究其在海岛棉抗枯萎病中的作用。【方法】以海岛棉抗病材料06-146为研究对象,GhCLA1基因为阳性对照,空载体为阴性对照,构建海岛棉TRV2-Gb F3’H沉默载体,协同课题组前期构建的TRV2-CHI和TRV2-DFR载体,利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术(Virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)分别进行Gb F3’H基因单独沉默以及GbF3’H、GbCHI和Gb DFR这3种基因共沉默试验。通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction,q RT-PCR)分析各处理样品中基因沉默情况;设置室内接种枯萎病菌试验测定病情指数,分析各沉默材料对枯萎病的抗性差异。【结果】q RT-PCR结果显示,海岛棉GbF3’H基因沉默后其在海岛棉根、茎和叶中的表达量比空载体对照低,Gb F3’H、GbCHI和GbDFR这3种基因共沉默后其在海岛棉根、茎和叶中的表达量均比空载体对照低。病情指数调查结果显示,野生型<空载体对照相似文献   

Up-regulation of miR-181a attenuates releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV,fibronectin and α-SMA in human bronchial epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of microRNA-181a (miR-181a) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced the productions of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). METHODS: CSE-induced miR-181a expression was detected by RT-qPCR in the HBECs. After tansfected with miR-181a mimic, the releases of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by ELISA, the protein expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA was determined by Western blot. The activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway was also evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: CSE increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA, and decreased the expression of miR-181a in the HBECs (P<0.05). However, transfected with miR-181a mimic partially prevented the releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1, and inhibited the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA (P<0.05). Additionally, the activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 evoked by CSE was attenuated after transfected with miR-181a mimic. CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of miR-181a prevents the releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA in the HBECs, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.     

FAM3C activates Akt to promote viability of oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the expression and roles of family with sequence similarity 3, member C (FAM3C) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells. METHODS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of FAM3C in dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) and oral squamous-cell carcinoma WSU-HN6 cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The WSU-HN6 cells were treated with siFAM3C or FAM3C antibody. After 24, 48 and 72 h, the viability of WSU-HN6 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) was detected by Western blot. Adenovirus was used to mediate over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells. The DOK cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay after adenovirus infection for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the activation of Akt was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the DOK cells, the mRNA and protein levels of FAM3C were significantly increased in the WSU-HN6 cells (P<0.05). The viability of WSU-HN6 cells transfected with siFAM3C was significantly inhibited at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). siFAM3C treatment inhibited the activation of Akt (P<0.05). FAM3C antibody treatment also suppressed the viability of the WSU-HN6 cells at 48 h and 72 h and the activation of Akt (P<0.05). Over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells promoted the cell viability at 48 h and 72 h and activated Akt (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FAM3C might promote oral squamous-cell carcinoma cell growth by activating Akt.     

“金花散茶”及“金花菌粉”对被动吸烟小鼠肺组织JAK2/STAT3炎性及磷酸化蛋白表达的影响

为探究“金花散茶”及其“金花菌粉”对被动吸烟(Cigarette smoking environment,CSE)小鼠肺组织受损的预防及修复机制,建立C57BL/6小鼠CSE模型,以600 mg∙kg^-1剂量的金花散茶茶汤(Eurotium cristatum tea extract,ECTE)及金花菌粉浸提液(Eurotium cristatum powder extract,ECPE)进行灌喂处理。与CSE模型组相比,小鼠灌喂ECPE和ECTE后,肺组织病理学切片显示其可保护小鼠肺组织形态结构完整;酶联免疫分析显示,灌喂ECPE和ECTE可显著抑制小鼠血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、IFN-γ和TNF-α表达量上调;Western blot结果表明,灌喂ECPE和ECTE对小鼠肺组织p-JAK2、p-STAT3、p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3高表达起到抑制作用。以上研究结果表明,灌喂ECPE、ECTE对CSE肺受损小鼠具有明显保护作用,总体趋势为ECPE组优于ECTE组、预防组优于治疗组。