水培红豆杉根的形态解剖

采用石蜡切片技术和光学显微技术,对生长在土壤中和水生环境中红豆杉根进行形态与解剖结构比较研究。结果表明,水培红豆杉经诱导后生出了大量不定根组成的新根系。新生气生根外观稍细,表皮排列较紧密,具有较为明显的角质层,表面密被细长的根毛;水生根外观稍粗,表皮细胞角质层不清楚,根毛较稀疏且短。水生根的皮层细胞层次较气生根略多。气生根与水生根中央的维管柱,初生木质部与初生韧皮部束数与土生根类似,均为2束,但细胞组成较少,结构明显简单。水培红豆杉的根次生生长发生较迟,次生生长与次生结构均较弱,表皮脱落被一两层周皮所代替,而皮层保留时间较长。     

Effect of cutting age and substrate temperature on rooting of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Taxus globosa</Emphasis>

Taxus globosa (Mexican yew) is a conifer endemic to México and Central America. It produces a substance known as taxol, which is useful in treatment of ovarian cancer. Because seed production for this dioecious tree is limited, and seed germination is extremely difficult, the use of cuttings could facilitate propagation of this species. With the intention of massively propagating individuals selected for taxol content, two trials were established in which the effect of substrate temperature (average temperatures 18 and 23°C), age (i.e., young vs. old shoots) and management of cuttings, as well as clone variation in rooting capacity, were evaluated. Low temperature favored rooting (53 vs. 34% on average for the two trials); younger shoots rooted three times (61 vs. 23%) more than mature ones, while basal wounding did not affect rooting capacity. A wide variation was found in rooting capacity of clones (8–76%), which could be associated with genetic or physiological differences among donor trees.     

Aggregated fly ash as a medium amendment for the production of container grown nursery stock

Abstract

Royal beauty cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C. K. Schneid, ‘Royal Beauty') and Hicksii taxus (Taxus x media Rehd. ‘Hicksii') were grown in media amended with several levels of aggregated fly ash. In general, no differences in root or shoot growth was noted in either species as a result of the media in which they were produced. Higher than normal B levels were observed in the leaf tissue of taxus as the level of the aggregated fly ash in the media increased, while no differences in B levels were noted in the leaf tissue of the cotoneaster. Both Cu and B concentrations in the root tissue of taxus increased with increasing levels of aggregated fly ash in the media, while the level of P in the root tissue decreased under the same conditions.     

黑龙江省穆棱东北红豆杉种群结构与分布格局

2005年4月对黑龙江省穆棱东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata Sieb.etZucc.)天然林分的组成结构、立地条件、及种群年龄结构。进行了调查研究。结果表明,该地区东北红豆杉种群生存的林分结构以天然针阔混交林为主,土壤含水量较高(40%-60%),pH值偏酸(4.7~5.5);野生东北红豆杉的种群结构不合理,属于衰退种群,这也是导致野生东北红豆杉种群下降的原因之一。虽然穆棱地区的立地条件适合东北红豆杉野生种群的生长,但目前成年东北红豆杉树干中空、腐烂,中等胸径的健壮成年树被盗伐,而且幼树经常被野生动物啃食,该地区东北红豆杉的种群仍然是下降趋势,处于濒危状态。     

Micromechanical properties of common yew (Taxus baccata) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) transition wood fibers subjected to longitudinal tension

The longitudinal modulus of elasticity of common yew is astonishingly low in light of its high raw density. At least this was found for specimens examined at the solid wood level and at the tissue level. However, to reveal if this low axial stiffness is also present at the cellular level, tensile tests were performed on individual yew fibers and on spruce fibers for reference. The results revealed a low stiffness and a high strain to fracture for yew when compared with spruce. This compliant behavior was ascribed to a relatively high microfibril angle of yew measured by X-ray scattering. It can be concluded that the high compliance of yew observed at higher hierarchical levels is obviously controlled by a structural feature present at the cell wall level. In future studies, the biomechanical function of this compliant behavior for the living yew tree would be of particular interest.     

南方红豆杉生态生物学特性观察与引种育苗试验初报

南方红豆杉为白垩纪孑遗植物,生长在海拔800m以下的山麓沟谷常绿阔叶林或落叶、常绿阔叶混交林中,具有观赏、用材、药用等多种用途。探讨了南方红豆杉的生态生物学特性,总结了采种、育苗及苗期管理等育苗技术。     

太行山野生红豆杉共生菌分布规律初探

通过对太行山野生红豆杉不同器官共生菌的菌落特征、菌丝长势和拮抗试验等的比较研究,发现太行山野生红豆杉体内的共生菌在其体内分布有一定的规律性:种子中有一个共生菌菌株与从根中分离的一个共生菌菌株类似,但它们都与从其他器官中分离的共生菌不同;叶中的一类共生菌菌株也明显不同于其他部位的共生菌菌株。     

西藏红豆杉资源的初步调查

红豆杉体内所含的紫杉醇（Ｔａｘｏｌ）是世界上最著名的抗癌药物,自问世以来,引起了全世界的关注,对原料树种红豆杉资源状况的调查研究在国内外均已进行,报道已多,西藏的红豆杉资源也是国内外有关方面关注的一个重点,自１９９５年起,开展了资源调查,资源收集和扦插繁殖等研究工作,取产好的结果,为合理保护与开发利用这一资源提供依据。     

Effect of exponential fertilization on growth and nutritional status in Buddhist pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus [Thunb.] D. Don) seedlings cultured in natural and prolonged photoperiods

Abstract

Slow growth rate limits the development of seedlings from the Podocarpaceae family. The extended photoperiod (EP) is well known to promote tree seedling growth, but it may also cause the possibility of nutrient dilution without a proper nutrient supply regime. Exponential fertilization (EF) has been proven to counter nutrient dilution within tree seedlings efficiently. However, no study has determined the response of Podocarpus seedlings to the interaction of EF and photoperiod. We fed 13-month old Buddhist pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus [Thunb.] D. Don) seedlings using EF applied at rates of 0 (control), 50 (E50), 100 (E100), and 150 (E150) mg nitrogen (N) seedling^?1 for 5 months, during which half of all seedlings were cultured in the natural photoperiod (NP) with the others exposed to EP. The longer photoperiod resulted in greater seedling height and biomass accumulation of Buddhist pine seedlings. Relative to NP, EP increased N content at the whole-plant level but decreased N concentration in the stem and root, which indicated the symptom of N dilution. However, both phosphorus (P) content and P concentration increased in response to the longer photoperiod. EF rates in the E100 and E150 treatments were evaluated to be the ‘sufficiency’ ones for both N and P in EP and NP, respectively. In conclusion, EP could stimulate the growth of Buddhist pine seedlings but caused N dilution within them at the same time, and photoperiod would change the nutritional response of these seedlings to EF.     

红豆杉干粉对产蛋初期仙居鸡生产性能和生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的红豆杉干粉对产蛋初期仙居鸡的生产性能、血清脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响。选取400只140日龄仙居鸡,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加2%、3%和4%红豆杉干粉,预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:在试验初期(1～30 d),各试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)均低于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率低于对照组(P<0.05);在试验中期(31～60 d),各试验组ADFI、平均蛋重与对照组无显著差异, 4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率高于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的料蛋比低于对照组(P<0.05);在试验后期(61～90 d),3%红豆杉干粉组的平均日采食量高于对照组(P<0.05),3%红豆杉干粉组的平均蛋重低于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率高于对照组(P<0.05);在试验46～90 d, 2%红豆杉干粉组平均日增重较对照组降低(P<0.05);各试验组血清总抗氧化能力高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加不同水平红豆杉干粉可以改善仙居鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力,建议产蛋期日粮中添加4%红豆杉干粉。