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为分析抗菌肽粗提物对肉鸡生长性能、粪便微生物菌群结构及经济效益的影响,试验选择体重相近的21日龄白羽肉鸡600只,随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复10只,1组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的抗菌肽粗提物,试验期为21 d。结果表明:(1)试验2、3、4组的平均采食均高于1组(P > 0.05)|试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高11.0%、9.4%(P < 0.05),料重比较1组比分别降低18.5%、15.2% (P < 0.05)|(2)试验3、4组粪便中大肠杆菌的含量较1组分别降低14.3%、18.0%(P < 0.05),试验3、4组粪便中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的含量较1组比分别提高4.6%、6.7%、14.5%、12.3%(P < 0.05)|(3)试验3、4组每只肉鸡经济效益较1组比分别提高19.3%、17.7%。综上,1.5%抗菌肽粗提物添加可以提高白羽肉鸡生长性能,改善粪便微生物菌群结构,提高其经济效益。
[关键词] 抗菌肽粗提物|白羽肉鸡|生长性能|粪便微生物菌群结构|经济效益 相似文献
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为探讨日粮中不同枣粉添加量对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,选取初始体重为(20.15±1.63) kg的40只6月龄健康白绒山羊,随机分为5组,每组8只羊,分别饲喂枣粉添加量为0(对照组)、10%(Ⅰ试验组)、15%(Ⅱ试验组)、20%(Ⅲ试验组)、25%(Ⅳ试验组)的日粮,饲养试验预试期10 d,饲喂基础日粮,饲喂期70 d,饲喂试验日粮。试验结束屠宰全部试验羊,以羊背最长肌为试验材料,分别测定羊肉的基本营养成分、矿物质、肌纤维特性、外观品质、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量并进行比较分析。结果表明:1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ试验组的屠宰率和净肉率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),对照组、Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的骨肉比显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);2)对照组的肌内脂肪含量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);3)Ⅲ组的肌纤维面积、直径和剪切力值最小(P<0.05);4)Ⅲ组中棕榈酸(C16:0)和硬脂酸(C18:0)的含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ试验组(P<0.05),花生四烯酸(C20:4n6)、α-亚麻酸(C18:2n6c)的含量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05);5)Ⅳ组羊肉中的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量显著高于其他4组(P<0.05)。综上所述,枣粉添加改善了羊肉的嫩度,有利于羊肉中的矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸和氨基酸等营养成分的积累,从而使羊肉有较高的营养价值,综合考虑20%枣粉添加量时羊肉品质最好。 相似文献
4.
脂肪族类化合物是植物芳香物质的重要组成部分,对白茶香气的形成具有重要作用。利用生物信息学方法,在染色体级别的茶树基因组数据库中,对LOX基因家族进行鉴定,从中获得12个茶树LOX基因家族成员,命名为CsLOX1~CsLOX12。12个茶树LOX基因序列,主要定位于细胞质或叶绿体中,其编码蛋白具有相同的特征结构域及保守基序。系统进化树分析表明LOX基因家族分为9-LOX和13-LOX两个亚家族,CsLOX2、CsLOX3、CsLOX4、CsLOX7为9-LOX亚型,其余为13-LOX亚型;基因结构分析表明CsLOX1含有8个外显子,其余均含有9个外显子;不同组织转录组数据分析结果表明,该家族在茶树嫩叶、成熟叶部位高表达;上游启动子区域分析发现大量与植物生长发育、光响应、激素及胁迫响应密切相关的顺式作用元件。荧光定量PCR检测发现,CsLOX基因家族在干旱、低温及茉莉酸甲酯处理下均有不同程度的表达,在白茶不同萎凋时间处理下,CsLOX1、CsLOX3、CsLOX5、CsLOX7、CsLOX8、CsLOX9、CsLOX11和CsLOX12的表达量被诱导上调,4 h时表达量最高(最高上调27倍)。结果表明,CsLOX基因家族成员参与白茶加工萎凋过程脂肪族香气形成的调控,为探明白茶加工过程香气形成的分子机制奠定基础。 相似文献
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Li Xu Liu Hao-yue Wang Li-na Zhao Yi-hang Hu Yao Zhang Xiao-meng Meng ling-dong Yin Xiu-jie 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2021,28(3):66-76
Although white clover has been widely studied and applied, less is known about its physiological responses to chilling stress in northern China. The effects of acclimation time of chilling stress in the two white clover cultivars, Rivendel and Haifa, after exposure to 4℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h were investigated. Seven physiological indexes were measured in shoots of the two cultivars. It was found that Rivendel had a strong ability to maintain the stability of cells, cope with oxidative damage and accumulate osmotic adjustment substances compared with Haifa. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation on the chilling tolerance of the two cultivars based on subordinate function value analysis showed a stronger chilling tolerance of Rivendel than Haifa. 相似文献
6.
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can be installed indoors, allowing year-round production of tropical animals in nearly any climate. A nursery phase is commonly used in Litopenaeus vannamei production since it allows for enhanced biosecurity and better quantification of animals while reducing space requirements. However, it is unclear whether animal density and inclusion of artificial substrate may improve shrimp performance during the nursery phase. In this experiment, we compared shrimp production parameters in two stocking densities with or without the use of an artificial substrate by creating four treatments: low-density LD; 1500 PL/m−3, low-density with substrate LDS, high-density HD; 3000 PL/m−3), and high-density with substrate (HDS). The LDS and HDS treatments included 0.46-m2 of high-density polyethylene 2.5-cm mesh as a substrate, which increased the tank surface area by 21 %. Each treatment was randomly assigned to four 160-l culture tanks, each with a biofilter. The shrimp had an initial weight of 4 mg and were grown for 50 days. The low-density treatments had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH than the high-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001). Specifically, LDS had the highest DO and pH followed by the LD, HD, and HDS treatments, respectively. High-density treatments had significantly higher NO2-N levels than low-density treatments during week 2 of the experiment when an unusually high concentration of nitrite was observed. FCR was significantly lower in both low-density treatments than in high-density treatments. At harvest, the total biomass (kg m−3) was significantly higher in high-density treatments than in low-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001), and the HDS treatment had a significantly greater biomass output than HD. Producers should consider artificial substrate and higher densities during nursery production to maximize shrimp production; however, the effects on water quality should also be taken into account. 相似文献
7.
Luke A. Roy David Teichert-Coddington Sunni Dahl Benjamin H. Beck Craig A. Shoemaker Gregory N. Whitis 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2020,32(3):193-204
ABSTRACT Shrimp farmers in Alabama who produce the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, have recently reported abnormally low survival at harvest. Farmers have hypothesized that this phenomenon may be due to disease, toxic algae, shrimp source, or reduced shrimp robustness in later stages of production. To compare performance of shrimp from different sources, postlarvae were obtained from three different hatcheries and stocked on the same day in on-levee tank systems (TS) on two farms (Farm 1-TS; Farm 2-TS1; Farm 2-TS2). Following 104 days of culture on Farm 2-TS1 and Farm 2-TS2, there were no differences in survival (72.8%–91.2%) or final weight (19.8–24.6 g). At Farm 1-TS following 107 days of culture, there were differences in survival from shrimp sourced from one hatchery (40.5%) compared to the other two hatcheries (61.0%–69.8%). Results demonstrated acceptable growth performance and survival from all hatchery sources. 相似文献
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Different shrimp species are known to possess apparent distinct resistance to different pathogens in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this finding still remains unknown. One kind of important antimicrobial peptides, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALF), exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Here, we reported a newly identified ALF from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and compared the immune function with its counterpart in the shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The ALF, designated as LvALF8, was specifically expressed in the lymphoid organ of L. vannamei. The expression level of LvALF8 was apparently changed after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenges. The synthetic LBD peptide of LvALF8 (LvALF8-LBD) showed strong antibacterial activities against most tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LvALF8-LBD could also inhibit the in vivo propagation of WSSV similar as FcALF8-LBD, the LBD of LvALF8 counterpart in F. chinensis. However, LvALF8-LBD and FcALF8-LBD exhibited apparently different antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus, the main pathogen causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of affected shrimp. A structural analysis showed that the positive net charge and amphipathicity characteristics of LvALF8-LBD peptide were speculated as two important components for its enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to those of FcALF8-LBD. These new findings may not only provide some evidence to explain the distinct disease resistance among different shrimp species, but also lay out new research ground for the testing and development of LBD-originated antimicrobial peptides to control of shrimp diseases. 相似文献
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