Propagation in vitro of pear, Pyrus communis L., cultivars ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, ‘Packham's Triumph’ and ‘Beurré Bosc’

Shoot cultures were established from nodal explants of 3 pear cultivars by subculture on Murashige and Skoog medium containing mixtures of 3 cytokinins. Zeatin and 6·(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine were both supplied at 10 μM and benzyladenine as follows: ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, 6 μM; ‘Packham's Triumph’, 8 μM; ‘Beurré Bosc’, 10 μM. Production of axillary shoots was greater by basal explants (4–6) comprising the remnants of the previous subculture than by apical explants (2–3) comprising the distal parts of extension shoots. Up to 80% of microcuttings of all cultivars formed roots in vitro with either γ-indolebutyric acid, 10 μM, or α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 μM, and approximately 50% of rooted microcuttings were successfully established as container-grown plants. Use of aseptic methods for producing own-rooted pears is discussed in relation to fruit growing and fruit improvement.     

蜂胶类黄酮对糖尿病合并肺结核患者外周血WBC与T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨蜂胶类黄酮对糖尿病合并肺结核（diabetes mellitus complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis,DM-PTB）患者外周血中WBC与T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 以DM-PTB患者120人为对象,利用随机数字表采用完全随机法分成A（蜂胶黄酮1 000 mg/d）、B（蜂胶黄酮2 000 mg/d）、C（条件对照）三组,每组40人,观察6个月,比较综合治疗前后白细胞计数（WBC）及分类（淋巴细胞L和中性粒细胞N）、T淋巴细胞亚群CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺数量及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值的变化,并比较组内前后差异和组间差异。结果 三组7项观测指标自身前后配对差值（治疗后-治疗前）的均数比较Hotelling T²=515.359,P=0.000;治疗7项观测指标差别Wilks λ=0.017,P=0.000,其中多重比较结果为WBC的B组大于A与C组,L的B组> A组> C组,N的B组大于A与C组,CD3⁺的B 与A组大于C组,CD4⁺的B组>A组>C组,CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值多重比较结果为B 与A组大于C组。结论 蜂胶类黄酮能提高DM-PTB患者的细胞免疫水平。     

土党参多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症的影响

研究土党参多糖(CJP)对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症的影响。小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺,建立白细胞减少模型,以高、中、低3个不同剂量的土党参多糖分别灌胃给药,测定外周血象、脏器指数、骨髓DNA。给药组与模型组比,小鼠白细胞数量明显增高(P<0.01),脾脏指数、胸腺指数差异不明显,中剂量组骨髓DNA明显增加(P<0.05)。土党参多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症有升高白细胞和促进小鼠骨髓造血功能的作用。     

桦木酸对小鼠血液指标及免疫器官指数的影响

目的:研究桦木酸对小鼠血液指标的影响。方法:将健康昆明系小鼠28只,随机分为空白对照组及桦木酸0.25、0.5、1.0mg/mL组,灌胃给药,1次/d,连续14d。后检测桦木酸对小鼠免疫器官指数、血液指标以及血清溶菌酶活性的影响。结果:桦木酸能提高机体的免疫器官指数;使白细胞、淋巴细胞、红细胞数目等血液指标显著升高,并呈现量效关系;桦木酸还能够提高血清溶菌酶活性(P0.01)。结论:桦木酸对小鼠血液指标及免疫器官指数升高有积极作用。     

GC02鸡球虫病疫苗免疫对鸡红白细胞数的影响

通过GC02鸡球虫病疫苗免疫雏鸡,研究其对鸡红白细胞数的影响。选择100只1日龄肉杂鸡随机分成两组,每组50只。Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组为试验组,饲喂同种日粮。Ⅱ组分别在7日龄、14日龄给每只鸡免疫8000个GC02鸡球虫病疫苗孢子化卵囊。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别在21、28、35和42日龄采血,进行红、白细胞计数。结果表明在21日龄,Ⅱ组红、白细胞数与Ⅰ组相比差异均显著（P〈0．05）,28、35和42日龄Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组相比差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。从试验组与对照组的红、白细胞数百分比[（E／C）％]来看,免疫后试验组红细胞数先减少,21日龄最低（为对照组的93．89％）,随后慢慢升高,超过对照组,最大值出现在35日龄（为对照组的100．36％）,42日龄又下降;试验组白细胞数均高于对照组,21日龄最高（为对照组的106．64％）,随后慢慢降低,最低值出现在35日龄（为对照组的100．85％）,42日龄稍稍上升。说明GC02鸡球虫病疫苗免疫雏鸡后,对鸡的红白细胞数影响不大。     

基于越橘果实转录组测序WBC型转运蛋白基因发掘及表达分析

为发掘越橘中WBC型(White brown complex)ABC转运蛋白(ATP-binding cassette transporters)基因,研究其与次生代谢物质(Secondary metabolite)运输关系,从越橘果实转录组测序文库中筛选出21个编码WBC型转运蛋白基因。其中10个基因上调表达,11个基因下调表达,10个上调表达基因中有7个基因显著上调表达。以越橘‘北陆’(Northland)根、茎、叶芽、叶、花芽、花、绿果、粉果、蓝果、蓝果种子、蓝果果皮和蓝果果肉为试验材料,对7个显著上调表达基因进行实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,q RT-PCR)分析,研究在越橘各个器官和果实发育不同阶段中表达模式。结果表明,越橘中7个WBC转运蛋白基因中有5个基因在果皮和果肉中的表达情况与转录组分析结果一致。越橘所有组织器官中均能检测到WBC型转运蛋白表达,但表达量不同。Unigene5067_All和Unigene27766_All在根中表达量最高,Unigene14517_All、Unigene27928_All和Unigene29820_All分别在茎、花和蓝果中表达量最高,Unigene34381_All和Unigene34438_All表达量从绿果、粉果到蓝果呈递增表达模式,与越橘中花色素苷累积呈现一致性,推测这两个WBC转运蛋白基因可能参与越橘次生代谢物运输。有助于阐明越橘中WBC转运蛋白生理生化功能。     

滤过速度对混合血小板过滤效果的影响

目的观察不同滤过速度对混合血小板过滤效果的影响。方法取45袋混合血小板,随机分为低速、中速、高速组各15袋,分别以10~20、60~70和150~160 mL/min的流速进行连续性过滤,并用常规方法检测混合血小板过滤前后的白细胞数(WBC)和血小板数(PLT),比较3组WBC去除率和PLT回收率。结果中速组和高速组的PLT回收率均高于低速组(P<0.01),低速组和中速组的WBC去除率均高于高速组(P<0.05)。结论不同滤过速度对混合血小板过滤效果不同,60~70 mL/min是混合血小板较为理想的滤过速度。     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIUM-111 LEUKOCYTES AND NEPHROSONOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS IN DOGS

Nephrosonography was compared to In-111 WBC for detection of experimentally induced pyelonephritis in 12 dogs. Nephrosonography was performed during the acute and chronic phase of pyelonephritis in all dogs. Sonographic abnormalities were found in all infected kidneys imaged early after infection. In the chronic phase of pyelonephritis, the sonographic abnormalities had decreased in severity in 9 kidneys, increased in severity in 2 kidneys, and had resolved in 2 kidneys. After histopathologic evaluation, eleven of fifteen kidneys (73%) with pyelonephritis had been identified by sonography. The In-111 WBC scan was performed during the acute phase of pyelonephritis in 9 dogs and during the chronic phase in all dogs. During the acute phase of pyelonephritis, the WBC scan was positive in 8 of the 9 dogs (89%) on images acquired 24 and 48 hr after injection of the labelled WBC. During the chronic phase of pyelonephritis, the WBC scan was negative in all 12 dogs. The sensitivity of the In-111 WBC scan was poor compared to nephrosonography for detection of chronic pyelonephritis. In this study, optimal detection of renal infection/pyelonephritis by In-111 WBC may be dependent on the presence of clinical signs and leukocytosis in dogs. Even when leukocytosis is present, the In-111 WBC may fail to accumulate in the kidney in dogs with pyelonephritis, particularly if no clinical signs (fever, depression, inappetence) are present.     

Effects of drought on the morphological and physicochemical characteristics of starch granules in different elite wheat varieties

In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of pits and pores on the surfaces of starch granules in response to drought stress, with substantially more pronounced effects in the ordinary yield potential wheat cv. Xindong 23 than the excellent yield potential wheat cv. Xindong 20. Drought induced a significant reduction in starch granule sizes in both wheat varieties, though the reduction observed in Xindong 23 was six times more pronounced than that observed for Xindong 20. Amyloglucosidase and α-amylase treatment of starch from wheat grown in drought conditions released significantly more reducing sugars compared with samples from irrigated controls. SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that starch granules from the two wheat varieties grown under drought conditions had substantially increased fluorescence after treatment with proteolytic enzymes and staining with methanolic merbromin and 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde dyes. Analysis of pasting properties showed significant increases of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, break down, and setback following drought stresses. Furthermore, drought induced a significant reduction in the water binding capacity and increased damage to starch only in Xindong 23. These results provide insight into the potential mechanisms through which drought influences the ultrastructures and physicochemical properties of starch in wheat.     

C-reactive protein as an indicator of inflammatory responses to experimentally induced cystitis in dogs

The aim of this study was to demonstrate and assess C-reactive protein (CRP) changes in dogs with induced bacterial cystitis with or without antibiotics. We also evaluated availability of CRP levels to serve as an indicator for monitoring or diagnosing bacterial cystitis. Serial CRP concentrations in dogs with induced bacterial cystitis were higher than those of controls (p < 0.001). CRP concentrations peaked on day 7 and gradually decreased thereafter. In the treatment group, CRP concentrations decreased after medication compared to the untreated group (p = 0.032). CRP levels had a linear correlation with urine white blood cell counts among all groups (r = 0.837, p < 0.001, n = 140). Compared to the negative urine culture group, dogs with positive urine culture results had higher CRP concentrations (median 43.8 mg/L vs. 5.9 mg/L; p < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.955; when cut-off value was 12.2 mg/L, CRP measurements were found to have a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 86.4%. This result indicates that rapid increases of CRP occurred after inducing bacterial cystitis and CRP may be a useful indicator for monitoring or diagnosing canine bacterial cystitis together with sediment urinalysis and urine bacterial culture.