氢氧化镁对水质、底质改良的研究与应用

近年,沿海各地区水产养殖业发展迅速。由于内湾海区海水循环交换能力较弱,黑臭底泥的长期堆积,导致养殖水体水质和底质进一步恶化,然而这种问题普遍存在于封闭式或半封闭式水域环境中。对此,氢氧化镁作为水质、底质改良剂被应用于水环境的治理。本文概述了氢氧化镁的作用机理,包括氢氧化镁与悬浮颗粒物的静电、对氮磷的降解及对硫化氢的降解等作用;同时介绍了氢氧化镁在海水养殖场、淡水湖泊和水库、水华防控、赤潮防控及废水处理中的研究与应用;展望了氢氧化镁和纳米级氢氧化镁在水体环境领域的应用前景。     

Two filamentous microalgae as feed ingredients improved flesh quality and enhanced antioxidant capacity and immunity of the gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

A 40‐day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two filamentous microalgae as feed ingredients on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profiles, pigmentation and immunity of gibel carp (204.83 ± 2.17 g, mean ± SD). Three diets (control, Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp.) were formulated. In the control diet, no microalgal meal was added and into the Oedocladium and Tribonema diets were added 40 g/kg Oedocladium sp. meal and 50 g/kg Tribonema sp. meal, respectively. Compared to the control, the addition of Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp. had significant effects on tissue fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and immunity without compromising growth, body composition and pigmentation. The addition of Tribonema sp. and Oedocladium sp. significantly increased the EPA, DHA profiles and the ratio of n‐3/n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and simultaneously decreased the n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in fish muscles. Moreover, addition of Tribonema sp. to the diet significantly increased muscle palmitoleic profile and EPA + DHA contents. Furthermore, the addition of either microalga significantly increased the total superoxide dismutase activity level and the complement 3 and immunoglobulin M contents in the plasma. These results demonstrate that Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp. can be used as feed ingredients to improve flesh quality and increase the immunity of fish.     

秃瓣杜英开花与结实物候期的研究

秃瓣杜英是我国南方特产的优良绿化树种,湖南是该树种绿化苗木及种子的主产区。本文首次报道秃瓣杜英开花与结实的物候期,野生种与栽培类型的花、果及种子的形态变异,提出每年最佳采种时间山区为9月28日~10月5日,丘陵区为9月30日~10月7日。     

水中丝状藻类有害藻华的形成与对策

文章通过对常见丝状藻类及其形成藻华形态的描述,综述丝状藻藻华的形成条件及危害,说明各种水体中控制丝状藻藻华的必要性和紧迫性,概述了常见控制藻类药物和药物的致毒机理,为丝状藻类及其藻华的控制提供参考。     

藻类水华的生物控制措施

藻类水华会释放大量毒素和有害物质,造成水生生物的大量死亡,给渔业生态环境带来严重危害。生物控制措施可以在一定程度上降低水体富营养化程度和控制藻类的过度繁殖,防止有害藻类大量爆发。主要生物控制作用包括,一方面促进水体生态系统的物质循环和能量流动,加速营养元素沉降或脱离水生生态系统;另一方面限制或抑制水华藻类的生长,使水体生态系统处于稳定的动态平衡。     

Improvement in recruitment of Japanese sardine with delays of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Sea of Japan

To evaluate the impact of temporal variation of primary productivity on the recruitment of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) in the Sea of Japan, the phenology of sea surface phytoplankton abundance was estimated from 8 day multiple satellite (SeaWiFS, MODIS‐Aqua, MERIS, and VIIRS) derived sea surface chlorophyll (SSChl) a concentrations from January 1998 to December 2015. Because relationships between SSChl a and in situ chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly different among periods based on the satellite combinations used, maximum and minimum SSChl a concentrations of 1 year were relativized as 1 and 0, respectively. Spatio‐temporal variation of relativized SSChl a concentrations was determined by using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Scores in the first EOF mode denoted the basin‐scale variations of SSChl a concentrations in the Sea of Japan, and the major peak from the end of February to the end of May displayed the spring bloom. The logarithm of recruitment per spawner (LNRPS) for sardine was positively affected by delays in the start and end dates of the spring phytoplankton bloom. The delay of the date of the lowest sea surface temperature contributed to the delay of the end of the spring bloom during the period 1998–2015 and elevated the LNRPS during the period 1982–2015. Sardine spawns in the southern Sea of Japan from April to May, hence, delays of the spring bloom prolonged its overlap with sardine larval periods, and thus improved the recruitment of Japanese sardine in the Sea of Japan.     

中国海洋卡盾藻赤潮生态学研究

综述了中国海洋卡盾藻赤潮的类型、成因及其调控对策。     

横山水库浮游植物群落结构季节性变化特征

分析了2010-2011年不同季节横山水库浮游植物群落结构的变化特征.结果表明,4个季节共采集到90种(属)浮游植物,蓝藻和硅藻在横山水库浮游植物季节性演替中的作用非常重要.在太湖流域首次发现拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis sp.),夏季在水库成为优势种并引起水华,密度达到1.01×108个/L.富营养化日趋严重的横山水库为拟柱胞藻水华奠定了基础.作为生态入侵种,拟柱胞藻可以产生毒素,危害生态系统和人体健康.应加强监测和流域综合管理,防止拟柱胞藻水华扩散到流域内其它大型水库.     

三峡水库支流拟多甲藻（Peridiniopsis sp.）

2009年和2010年对三峡水库支流童庄河回水区和长江干流水体理化和浮游植物进行了同步连续跟踪监测。结果表明,2010年童庄河回水区和长江干流氮磷含量较2009年有所升高,同一年份童庄河回水区和长江干流氮磷含量各有高低,但差别不大。2-3月,童庄河回水区拟多甲藻细胞密度呈逐步增加并达到高峰的变化,其优势地位可从2009年第十三位、2010年第九位逐步成为第一优势种类,并在2010年2月26日出现小范围水华。拟多甲藻水华最先出现在回水区尾端,随着时间推移,逐步向中下游发展,并形成大面积水华,在维持一段时间后消退。童庄河回水区拟多甲藻密度上游最高,从上游至下游,密度呈下降趋势。同期长江干流出现拟多甲藻的次数较少、密度较低,通常在回水区最低密度30.91%以下。分析认为,2-3月回水区更适合拟多甲藻生长,能否形成水华主要受水文因子影响。     

福建长乐海区一次东海原甲藻赤潮生消过程分析

本文通过对2010年5月2—10日发生在福建长乐海区的一次东海原甲藻赤潮进行跟踪监测,分析并探讨了该赤潮生消过程。结果表明:东海原甲藻可在光照较强的气象条件下发生赤潮;本次赤潮暴发后东海原甲藻仍能快速增长并聚集,且主要利用硝酸氮作为氮营养成分;该赤潮生物在赤潮过程中承受低磷贫瘠环境胁迫的能力较强。对监测过程中海区各环境因子主成分分析也表明,本次赤潮限制因子有:硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、水温以及盐度等。