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The disaccharide trehalose, known to be an effective protectant against various kinds of stress, was observed to accumulate in the cytosol of Chaetomium thermophilum var. coprophilum during heat stress. Trehalose was apparently neither involved in the defence of C. thermophilum var. coprophilum against high concentrations of sodium chloride nor directly linked to thermophily.In C. thermophilum var. coprophilum three different trehalose hydrolyzing activities were eluted from a mono Q anion exchange column by sodium chloride concentrations of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.24 M, respectively.  相似文献   
2.
【目的】研究海藻糖及海藻糖酶在B型烟粉虱寄主谱扩张及与温室粉虱的竞争适应过程中的作用。【方法】以番茄饲养的B型烟粉虱与温室粉虱转移取食嗜好(棉花、甘蓝)或非嗜好(玉米)寄主植物后,其体内海藻糖含量及海藻糖酶活性的变化和响应。【结果】改变寄主会使B型烟粉虱和温室粉虱的海藻糖含量降低,其中棉花的作用最为明显,分别比对照减少了33%和25%;将植物种类转换为B型烟粉虱嗜好、温室粉虱亦可利用的寄主棉花或B型烟粉虱嗜好而温室粉虱非嗜好的寄主甘蓝,两种粉虱海藻糖含量的变化基本一致,而在两种粉虱非嗜好寄主玉米上B型烟粉虱(112.6%)较温室粉虱(60.8%)的恢复能力强、稳定性能好。尽管改变寄主对两种粉虱海藻糖酶比活力的作用不明显,但对海藻糖酶比活力变化趋势的影响却明显不同;转换不同种类的寄主B型烟粉虱海藻糖酶比活力的动态趋势基本一致,而温室粉虱却不尽相同;在非嗜好寄主玉米上两种粉虱海藻糖酶比活力的变化动态虽相仿,但B型烟粉虱的恢复能力较温室粉虱强。【结论】海藻糖酶在B型烟粉虱寄主谱扩张及与温室粉虱的竞争适应过程中可能起重要作用。  相似文献   
3.
简述了海藻糖的功效、生物制备、基因工程及其在医药和抗逆植物基因工程等领域中最新研究进展。并对昆虫体内海藻糖酶基因的研究进展及其前景加以展望。  相似文献   
4.
The digestion ability of 20 species of Collembola sampled from nutrient-poor moist peat meadows was determined. The activity of three carbohydrases was measured, i.e. trehalase, cellulase and chitinase. Species were classified in feeding guilds based on the presence or absence of enzymatic activity. The majority of the samples analysed showed trehalase and cellulase activity, and indicate that Collembola commonly have the ability to digest cell walls of plants and algae, and the contents of fungal hyphae. Most of the species examined had chitinase activity, and are able to digest fungal cell walls. Based on the results, four feeding guilds were distinguished, i.e. herbo-fungivorous grazers (nine species), fungivorous grazers (two species), opportunistic herbofungivores (one species) and omnivore (one species). Five species could not be classified due to low number of samples. One more feeding guild was indicated if the levels of enzymatic activity within species were taken into account, i.e. fungivorous browsers. The results show that most species have the ability to digest the food items reported from gut content analyses. Between species, significant difference in specific enzymatic activity was recorded. These findings suggest that, together with information on feeding guilds, under field conditions the various species in the community differed in their food choice. It is hypothesised that a relationship exists between the mouthpart morphology of Collembola species and specific carbohydrase activity.  相似文献   
5.
几丁质对昆虫的生长发育至关重要,且不存在于植物和哺乳动物中,因此其合成途径的关键酶是较为理想的杀虫剂靶标。近年来,多种害虫的几丁质合成关键酶基因被克隆和鉴定,通过RNAi技术应用于一些重要害虫的防治研究工作中。本文较为系统的总结了近些年害虫几丁质合成关键酶的基因克隆及功能研究进展,重点阐述了几丁质合成酶、海藻糖酶基因基于RNAi技术应用于害虫防治取得的研究进展,分析了RNAi技术通过转基因植物表达dsRNA(RNAi抗虫作物)以及作为核酸农药(dsRNA)直接进行作物喷施的两种应用途径,文章最后还探讨了RNAi在害虫防治中面临的主要瓶颈问题以及主要应对策略。上述较为系统的归纳和总结,目的是为今后基于几丁质合成关键酶的RNAi技术应用于害虫绿色防控研究提供有价值的理论指导。  相似文献   
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