Tree-ring response of Larix chinensis on regional climate and sea-surface temperature variations in alpine timberline in the Qinling Mountains

Tree-ring width chronologies of Larix chinensis were developed from the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province,and climatic factors affecting the tree-ring widths of L.chinensis were examined.Correlation analysis showed that similar correlations between tree-ring width chronologies and climatic factors demonstrated that radial growth responded to climate change on both slopes.The radial growth of L.chinensis was mainly limited by temperature,especially the growing season.In contrast,both chronologies were negatively correlated with precipitation in May of the previous year and April of the current year.Spatial climate-correlation analyses with gridded land-surface climate data revealed that our tree-ring width chronologies contained a strong regional temperature signal over much of northcentral and eastern China.Spatial correlation with seasurface temperature fields highlights the influence of the Pacific Ocean,Indian Ocean,and North Atlantic Ocean.Wavelet coherence analysis indicated the existence of some decadal and interannual cycles in the two tree-ring width chronologies.This may suggest the influences of El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation and solar activity on tree growth in the Qinling Mountains.These findings will help us understand the growth response of L.chinensis to climate change in the Qinling region,and they provide critical information for future climate reconstructions based on this species in semi-humid regions.     

2001-2017年天山中段积雪时空变异研究

【目的】为干旱区提供冰雪资源的合理利用及灾害防治的科学理论不服务信息。【斱法】采取趋势分析法、相关性分析法,开展了2001-2017年积雪年内年际变化特征以及分布变化原因斱面的研究。【结果】①天山中段SCP(积雪覆盖率)年际变化呈"单峰"型曲线,6月到最小值,12月到次年1月达到最大值,从2月开始逐渐下降到最小值;从7月初开始SCP开始逐渐上升到最大值。②天山中段年际SCP呈减少趋势、春季的SCP变化呈略微减少趋势、夏季不秋季SCP变化均呈增加趋势、冬季SCP变化趋势跟全年年际SCP变化趋势基本相似,且均呈减少趋势,最高值为98.6%,最小值出现在2009年为83.2%。③天山中段54.08%区域的SCD(积雪日数)呈减少趋势,其中4.36%区域呈显著减少趋势;45.92%区域的SCD呈增加趋势,其中3.03%区域呈显著增加趋势。④天山中段积雪不LST(地表温度)年际相关性呈负相关性比较明显,负相关占总面积的55.89%,主要分布在高海拔的天山山脉,博格达尔;34.98%区域呈极显著负相关,主要分布在伊犁河谷、天山南北坡地区不阿克苏、库尔勒、博斯腾湖流域周边。【结论】天山中段积雪时空变化丌仅是LST变化的影响,还受人类活劢和海拔高度差异等因素的共同作用。     

色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林下灌木群落空间格局及其与倒木关联性分析

分析西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林下灌木群落的空间分布格局及其与倒木的关联性，探讨该森林生态系统内灌木的分布规律，并从空间分布格局角度量化倒木对灌木分布的影响。以色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林下灌木和倒木为研究对象，通过典型样地调查，用点格局法分析其空间分布格局以及与倒木的关联性。结果表明:1）样地内共有灌木7种，总密度730株·hm^-2，不同灌木种群分密度依次为杯萼忍冬（359株·hm^-2）>长尾槭（185株·hm^-2）>西南花楸（61株·hm^-2）>猴斑杜鹃（55株·hm^-2）>冰川茶藨子（53株·hm^-2）>光秃绣线菊（株·hm^-2）>峨眉蔷薇（株·hm^-2）；2）在0~50 m空间尺度内，冰川茶藨子、猴斑杜鹃、长尾槭、杯萼忍冬以集群分布为主要特征；西南花楸以随机分布为主要特征，只是在个别尺度呈现显著的集群分布；3）Ⅰ腐烂等级倒木与灌木在0~50 m空间尺度上呈显著的负关联，倒木整体与灌木及Ⅱ~Ⅴ腐烂等级倒木与灌木在0~50 m空间尺度上均无显著关联。不同灌木种群因对环境的适应性不同而具有不同的空间分布格局，灌木空间格局形成的生态过程及倒木对灌木空间分布的影响均具有复杂性。     

Spatial pattern of soil organic carbon in desert grasslands of the diluvial-alluvial plains of northern Qilian Mountains

The soil properties in arid ecosystems are important determinants of vegetation distribution patterns.Soil organic carbon(SOC)content,which is closely related to soil types and the holding capacities of soil water and nutrients,exhibits complex variability in arid desert grasslands;thus,it is essentially an impact factor for the distribution pattern of desert grasslands.In the present study,an investigation was conducted to estimate the spatial pattern of SOC content in desert grasslands and the association with environmental factors in the diluvial-alluvial plains of northern Qilian Mountains.The results showed that the mean values of SOC ranged from 2.76 to 5.80 g/kg in the soil profiles,and decreased with soil depths.The coefficients of variation(CV)of the SOC were high(ranging from 48.83%to 94.67%),which indicated a strong spatial variability.SOC in the desert grasslands of the study region presented a regular spatial distribution,which increased gradually from the northwest to the southeast.The SOC distribution had a pattern linked to elevation,which may be related to the gradient of climate conditions.Soil type and plant community significantly affected the SOC.The SOC had a significant positive relationship with soil moisture(P<0.05);whereas,it had a more significant negative relationship with the soil bulk density(BD)(P<0.01).However,a number of the variations in the SOC could be explained not by the environmental factors involved in this analysis,but rather other factors(such as grazing activity and landscape).The results provide important references for soil carbon storage estimation in this study region.In addition,the SOC association with environmental variables also provides a basis for a sustainable use of the limited grassland resources in the diluvial-alluvial plains of northern Qilian Mountains.     

The potential drivers in forming avian biodiversity hotspots in the East Himalaya Mountains of Southwest China

Little has been published to describe or interpret Asian biodiversity hotspots, including those in the East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China (HMSC), thus making necessary a review of the current knowledge. The Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and glacial histories of the Asian continent differ from those of Europe and North America, suggesting different mechanisms of speciation and extinction, and, thus, different responses to climate changes during the Quaternary glaciations. This short review summarizes potential drivers in shaping and maintaining high species richness and endemism of birds in the HMSC. The geographical location at the junction of different biogeographical realms, the wide range of habitats and climates along the extensive elevational range, the complex topography and the distinct geological history of this region have probably contributed to the evolution of an exceptionally species‐rich and endemic‐rich, specialized montane avian fauna. The Mountain systems in the HMSC may have provided refugia where species survived during the glacial periods and barriers for preventing species dispersal after the glacial periods. More studies are required to further test this refugia hypothesis by comparing more cold‐tolerent and warm‐tolerent species.     

中国伊犁天山野果林区系表征地理成分及区系发生的研究

对中国伊犁天山野果林表征植物的组成、特点及性质进行了系统的研究,探讨野果林的来源和发展,结果表明:野果林区系成分是多元的,各类成分在此相互渗透,分布区重叠,使野果林区系没有绝对的本地特色.其中温带成分占有最高的比例(33.33%);西伯利亚-天山过渡成分(17.54%)是野果林植物区系连接北方安加拉(西伯利亚)植物区系的桥梁;天山-沿喜马拉雅成分(10.53%)又把野果林与华夏植物区系紧密联系在一起;新疆的大部分地区过去曾是特提斯海(Tethys)的一部分,所以现代野果林植被仍保留有古地中海成分的残迹(5.25%);天山是新疆境内植物属种最为丰富的地区,天山成分在各分布区类型中的比值也最高(33.33%),尤其是东天山特有的成分,则代表着野果林的土著部分,这一成分无疑是本地发生的适生种.野果林的区系发生是多方面的,主要有安加拉成分、古北极成分、古地中海成分、华夏区系成分和新疆本土成分.     

高黎贡山南段2种森林类型的土壤特性研究

对设于高黎贡山自然保护区南段中山湿性常绿阔叶林的5块样地和季风常绿阔叶林3块样地的土壤进行了调查研究,结果表明:2种森林类型主要有黄红壤、黄壤、黄棕壤、棕壤4种土壤。样地土壤的有机质等养分含量丰富,而土壤盐基饱和度较低。中山湿性常绿阔叶林样地的土壤养分含量、阳离子交换量明显高于季风常绿阔叶林。2块中山湿性常绿阔叶林样地的土壤总孔隙度大于50%,通透性尚好,其余样地土壤通透性稍差,样地土壤的交换性能较好。     

不同山系大熊猫栖息地植物区系特征的定量分析

本文通过对不同山系大熊猫栖息地(自然保护区)植物区系的定量分析发现,野生大熊猫栖息地的植物区系主要以温带分布类型为主,占总区系的31.10%;区系多样性指数中Shannon-Wiener指数为2.10~2.21,Simpson指数是0.14~0.17;经相关性分析,不同山系大熊猫栖息地之间相似程度极为显著,相关系数达到0.905~0.998。     

大兴安岭北部原始林兴安落叶松种群世代结构的研究

在景观火干扰历史研究的基础上 ,研究了大兴安岭北部地区原始林兴安落叶松种群的世代结构及其与火干扰、立地条件之间的关系。结果表明 ,兴安落叶松种群基于世代数的世代结构类型丰富 ,从 1代型到6代型都有 ,空间分布呈斑块镶嵌状。以 3代型与 4代型为主要类型 ,空间分布集中 ,其它类型的世代结构空间异质性较高。世代数受火干扰频率、火干扰强度及两者的综合影响 ,相对来说以火干扰强度的影响更为显著。低频或高强类的火干扰易造成种群的世代数减少 ;高频或低强类的火干扰易造成世代数增多。世代数还随林型组类型而变化 ,溪旁林组 >赤杨林组 >杜香林组。兴安落叶松种群基于火干扰的世代结构类型也很丰富 ,存在 3大类、6亚类和 12小类 ,空间分布呈斑块镶嵌状。其中以更新优势火前劣势型和火前优势更新劣势型为主要类型 ,空间分布较聚集 ,其它类型的空间异质性较高。这种世代结构也受火干扰频率、火干扰强度及两者的综合影响 ,其中火干扰频率主要对种群的优势世代起着扶持作用 ,而火干扰强度则主要对劣势世代起着制约作用。低频或高强火烧地上 ,世代结构为更新优势火前劣势型 ,中频或中强类火烧地上为更新优势火后劣势型 ,高频或低强火烧地上为火前优势火后劣势型。世代结构还随立地条件而变化。溪旁林组     

珍稀濒危树种连香树造林试验

本文通过对连香树造林成活率、中幼龄林生长情况调查,结果表明,连香树在前期生长较快,病虫害少,树体大小中等,适宜作为城市行道树和园林、庭院绿化树种,影响栽植成活率和生长量的主导因子是水分,苗期和幼树易发生日灼危害,平原地区栽植应以4～5年生的大苗为主,栽植幼苗应适当遮荫。