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1.
  1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
  2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
  3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
  4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
  5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
  6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
  7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
  8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.
  相似文献   
2.
渔获量不确定性对印度洋大眼金枪鱼资源评估的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)是最具经济价值的热带金枪鱼类,其资源状况一直是区域性金枪鱼渔业管理组织关注的重点。由于多种渔业作业、捕捞船队构成复杂,印度洋大眼金枪鱼的历史渔获量统计存在一定的偏差(Bias),但国际上近些年开展资源评估时都忽略了这一偏差。本研究根据1979~2015年的年渔获量、年龄结构渔获量及相对丰度指数数据,运用年龄结构资源评估模型(ASAP)对印度洋大眼金枪鱼资源进行评估,重点考查渔获量的不确定性(观测误差和统计偏差)对资源评估结果的影响。结果显示,印度洋大眼金枪鱼当前资源总体没有过度捕捞,但2015年初显示轻微的过度捕捞,通过对比基础模型与8个灵敏度分析模型的评估结果发现,渔获量观测误差(CV)的预设对资源开发状态的判断有一定的影响。当渔获量统计偏差调整量为15%时(即历史渔获量被低估了),评估结果与基础模型基本一致;统计偏差调整量为20%时,评估结果有过度捕捞的趋势。本研究结果表明,资源评估模型中渔获量观测误差的设定和历史渔获量统计偏差均会对评估结果产生影响,后者更为明显,因此,二者均不能忽略。  相似文献   
3.
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, survival, and standardized cohort biomass of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, larvae fed nutritionally enhanced prey during the first week of feeding using two commonly used, commercially available enrichment media, AlgaMac Enrich and Marine Glos. T. orientalis larvae exhibited exponential growth in standard length and dry weight. The daily specific growth rates in length and weight are the first reported for T. orientalis larvae and the averages ranged from 3.8 to 4.1% and 27.5%, respectively, for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 4.1 to 6.1% and 31.5%, respectively, in the Marine Glos treatment. Average daily growth rates in length ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mm/d for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 0.17 to 0.27 mm/d for those in the Marine Glos treatment. Daily growth rates in length were similar to those reported for other tuna larvae reared in the laboratory but slower than most published estimates for larval tunas in situ at similar water temperatures. Mean prey number per gut was positively associated with mean prey level in the tank. Both enrichment media appear to be good sources of nutritional improvement of planktonic prey for T. orientalis larvae.  相似文献   
4.
Bigeye tuna are of global economic importance and are the primary target species of Hawaii's most valuable commercial fishery. Due to their high commercial value, bigeye tuna are relatively well studied and routinely assessed. Larval and adult bigeye surveys have been conducted for many years and are supported by ongoing research on their physiology and life history. Yet, modeling stock dynamics and estimating future catch rates remain challenging. Here, we show that an appropriately lagged measure of phytoplankton size is a robust predictor of catch rates in Hawaii's bigeye tuna fishery with a forecast window of four years. We present a fishery‐independent tool with the potential to improve stock assessments, aid dynamic fisheries management, and allow Hawaii's commercial longline fishing industry to better plan for the future.  相似文献   
5.
The Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) population in the western Atlantic supports substantial commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite quota establishment and management under the auspices of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, only small increases in population growth have been estimated. In contrast to other western bluefin tuna fisheries indices, contemporary estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence have increased rapidly and are at record highs. This area is characterized by the Cold Intermediate Layer (CIL) that is defined by waters <3°C and located at depths of 30–40 m in September. We investigated the influence of several in situ environmental variables on the bluefin tuna fishery CPUE using delta‐lognormal modelling and relatively extensive and consistent oceanographic survey data, as well as dockside monitoring and mandatory logbook data associated with the fishery. Although there is considerable spatial and temporal variation of water mass characteristics, the amount of available habitat in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (assuming a > 3°C thermal ambit) for bluefin tuna has been increasing. The percentage of the water column occupied by the CIL was a significant environmental variable in the standardization of CPUE estimates. There was also a negative relationship between the spatial extents of the CIL and the fishery. Properties of the CIL account for variation in the bluefin tuna CPUE and may be a factor in determining the amount of available feeding habitat for bluefin tuna in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence.  相似文献   
6.
根据中国金枪鱼渔业观察员项目于2006年2—11月在东太平洋水域作业的中国金枪鱼延绳钓渔船上收集的数据,对大眼金枪鱼Thunnus obseus摄食强度的时空变化进行了分析。结果表明:小个体大眼金枪鱼的摄食强度较大个体大眼金枪鱼的高,叉长小于140 cm的大眼金枪鱼的摄食强度相对较大;3—4月大眼金枪鱼的摄食强度较小,5—11月大眼金枪鱼的摄食强度相对较大;3月大眼金枪鱼的空胃率相对较高,5—11月大眼金枪鱼空胃率均低于15%;200~350 m水层中大眼金枪鱼的摄食活动非常活跃。各月份(χ2=227.95,P〈0.0001)和不同叉长组(χ2=364.61,P〈0.0001)大眼金枪鱼的摄食强度均存在显著性差异,且不同水层(χ2=178.50,P〈0.0001)大眼金枪鱼的摄食强度也存在显著性差异。  相似文献   
7.
根据2010年8-11月在中西太平洋所罗门群岛海域金枪鱼延绳钓作业,研究了长鳍金枪鱼的垂直分布与环境因子的关系。结果表明,在所罗门群岛海域,长鳍金枪鱼的最适水层为130.00~160.00m,最适水温范围为22.00~24.00℃.最适盐度范围为35.70~35.80;长鳍金枪鱼活动较频繁的水层范围为130.00-190.00m,水温范围为20.00-26.00℃,盐度段为35.60~35.90。  相似文献   
8.
根据我国国家金枪鱼渔业观察员2012年10月-2013年1月和2013年10月-2014年2月两个阶段在印度洋中西部采集1233尾黄鳍金枪鱼的样本,对其进行了繁殖生物学的研究,主要分析黄鳍金枪鱼纯重、叉长、性比、性成熟率和性腺指数等繁殖生物学参数。结果表明:(1)雌性雄性叉长-纯重关系式分别是W=7×10-6L3.244和W=6×10-6L3.197;(2)雌雄之比为0.74∶1,达到性成熟的雌雄个体性别比为0.69∶1;(3)雌性性腺指数为0.39~5.92,在雌性个体中性腺指数大于2的占52.03%;雄性性腺指数为0.44~3.37,在雄性个体中性腺指数大于2的占31.43%。(4)雌、雄性成熟叉长的Logistic曲线分别是P=1/[1+e0.08276×(122.991-FLm)]和P=1/[1+e0.03767×(118.618-FLm)];(5)采样期间(10月至翌年2月)雌、雄性个体分别在12月和1月的性成熟率达到最高,在2月份性成熟率最低;(6)根据体长分布推算,叉长为115 cm可以作为黄鳍金枪鱼个体分为大小两个群体的基准,雌雄样本中大个体所占比例分别是63.13%和75.40%,两个群体中,雌雄个体大小存在显著性差异(P0.05)。本文的研究结果有助于更好地了解印度洋西部黄鳍金枪鱼的生物学特征,为我国进一步开发该种渔业资源提供基础资料。  相似文献   
9.
宋利明  赵海龙  谢凯  李冬静 《水产学报》2015,39(8):1230-1241
为了掌握库克群岛海域海洋环境因子对延绳钓渔业中大眼金枪鱼渔获率的影响,实验利用2013年9月8日—12月31日在库克群岛海域作业的延绳钓渔业调查数据,所获数据包括:钓钩深度数据,温度、叶绿素a浓度、三维海流的垂直剖面数据,作业参数,渔获统计数据,采用逐步回归的方法建立钓钩预测深度计算模型,利用统计和聚类分析的方法分析大眼金枪鱼渔获率与海洋环境因子的关系。结果发现,在库克群岛附近海域,大眼金枪鱼渔获率较高的水层、温度、叶绿素a浓度、东西海流、南北海流、水平海流和垂直海流分别为120.0~199.9 m、13.0~14.9 ℃、0.200~0.239 μg/L、0.1~0.2 m/s、-0.2~0 m/s、0.1~0.4 m/s和0.04~0.05 m/s。在该海域作业、以大眼金枪鱼为目标鱼种时,建议在大眼金枪鱼渔获率较高的水层、温度、叶绿素a浓度、水平海流和垂直海流范围内增加钓钩投放数量。  相似文献   
10.
随着人工集鱼装置(FAD)在热带大洋海域的广泛使用,金枪鱼围网渔业产量大幅增加,但同时也造成了诸多生态影响。为了更好地了解人工集鱼装置对黄鳍金枪鱼Thunnus albacares生物学与生态学产生的影响,从人工集鱼装置下黄鳍金枪鱼的行为方式,生物学与生态学影响,以及全球针对人工集鱼装置的管理等方面,总结了近30年来国内外关于人工集鱼装置与黄鳍金枪鱼相互关系的研究成果。结果表明:人工集鱼装置的大规模使用可能会潜在地影响黄鳍金枪鱼原有的行为规律,但因标志、个体数量和试验时间等因素的限制,影响的程度和方式尚需进一步研究;人工集鱼装置会影响到黄鳍金枪鱼种群的健康与生长以及摄食习惯;一些新技术和手段(水下声学装置、标志放流、卫星定位等)的发展也促进了该领域的研究,但无法掌握鱼群较长时间内的行为规律,标志放流技术,尤其是档案式标志放流将成为将来研究的主要方式,同时应将研究重点从对单个人工集鱼装置的研究提升到对网络式分布的人工集鱼装置上,从而阐明人工集鱼装置是否会对黄鳍金枪鱼的行为产生交互影响,漂流人工集鱼装置的相关研究也应进一步加强;全球针对人工集鱼装置渔法的管理日趋严格,各区域性渔业管理组织和沿海国出台的相关措施也使得人工集鱼装置渔法的前景呈现较大的不确定性。  相似文献   
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