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1.
  1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
  2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
  3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
  4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
  5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
  6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
  7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
  8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.
  相似文献   
2.
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, survival, and standardized cohort biomass of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, larvae fed nutritionally enhanced prey during the first week of feeding using two commonly used, commercially available enrichment media, AlgaMac Enrich and Marine Glos. T. orientalis larvae exhibited exponential growth in standard length and dry weight. The daily specific growth rates in length and weight are the first reported for T. orientalis larvae and the averages ranged from 3.8 to 4.1% and 27.5%, respectively, for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 4.1 to 6.1% and 31.5%, respectively, in the Marine Glos treatment. Average daily growth rates in length ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mm/d for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 0.17 to 0.27 mm/d for those in the Marine Glos treatment. Daily growth rates in length were similar to those reported for other tuna larvae reared in the laboratory but slower than most published estimates for larval tunas in situ at similar water temperatures. Mean prey number per gut was positively associated with mean prey level in the tank. Both enrichment media appear to be good sources of nutritional improvement of planktonic prey for T. orientalis larvae.  相似文献   
3.
The Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) population in the western Atlantic supports substantial commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite quota establishment and management under the auspices of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, only small increases in population growth have been estimated. In contrast to other western bluefin tuna fisheries indices, contemporary estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence have increased rapidly and are at record highs. This area is characterized by the Cold Intermediate Layer (CIL) that is defined by waters <3°C and located at depths of 30–40 m in September. We investigated the influence of several in situ environmental variables on the bluefin tuna fishery CPUE using delta‐lognormal modelling and relatively extensive and consistent oceanographic survey data, as well as dockside monitoring and mandatory logbook data associated with the fishery. Although there is considerable spatial and temporal variation of water mass characteristics, the amount of available habitat in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (assuming a > 3°C thermal ambit) for bluefin tuna has been increasing. The percentage of the water column occupied by the CIL was a significant environmental variable in the standardization of CPUE estimates. There was also a negative relationship between the spatial extents of the CIL and the fishery. Properties of the CIL account for variation in the bluefin tuna CPUE and may be a factor in determining the amount of available feeding habitat for bluefin tuna in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence.  相似文献   
4.
渔获量不确定性对印度洋大眼金枪鱼资源评估的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)是最具经济价值的热带金枪鱼类,其资源状况一直是区域性金枪鱼渔业管理组织关注的重点。由于多种渔业作业、捕捞船队构成复杂,印度洋大眼金枪鱼的历史渔获量统计存在一定的偏差(Bias),但国际上近些年开展资源评估时都忽略了这一偏差。本研究根据1979~2015年的年渔获量、年龄结构渔获量及相对丰度指数数据,运用年龄结构资源评估模型(ASAP)对印度洋大眼金枪鱼资源进行评估,重点考查渔获量的不确定性(观测误差和统计偏差)对资源评估结果的影响。结果显示,印度洋大眼金枪鱼当前资源总体没有过度捕捞,但2015年初显示轻微的过度捕捞,通过对比基础模型与8个灵敏度分析模型的评估结果发现,渔获量观测误差(CV)的预设对资源开发状态的判断有一定的影响。当渔获量统计偏差调整量为15%时(即历史渔获量被低估了),评估结果与基础模型基本一致;统计偏差调整量为20%时,评估结果有过度捕捞的趋势。本研究结果表明,资源评估模型中渔获量观测误差的设定和历史渔获量统计偏差均会对评估结果产生影响,后者更为明显,因此,二者均不能忽略。  相似文献   
5.
Bigeye tuna are of global economic importance and are the primary target species of Hawaii's most valuable commercial fishery. Due to their high commercial value, bigeye tuna are relatively well studied and routinely assessed. Larval and adult bigeye surveys have been conducted for many years and are supported by ongoing research on their physiology and life history. Yet, modeling stock dynamics and estimating future catch rates remain challenging. Here, we show that an appropriately lagged measure of phytoplankton size is a robust predictor of catch rates in Hawaii's bigeye tuna fishery with a forecast window of four years. We present a fishery‐independent tool with the potential to improve stock assessments, aid dynamic fisheries management, and allow Hawaii's commercial longline fishing industry to better plan for the future.  相似文献   
6.
长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)经济价值高,是我国延绳钓渔业重要的目标鱼种。根据2013年9月~2014年1月和2014年4~8月我国金枪鱼观察员在南太平洋东部海域收集的长鳍金枪鱼样本和海洋环境数据,对其生物学组成和栖息环境进行了研究。结果表明:叉长(FL,cm)与体质量(WW,kg)的关系为:WW=3×10-5×FL2.909 9(雌雄性,R2=0.915 3);体长(TL,cm)与叉长(FL,cm)关系为:TL=1.033 6FL+2.555(R2=0.961 4);叉长(FL,cm)与两背鳍间距(LD1D2,cm)的关系为:LD1D2=0.248 5FL+1.238 1(R2=0.815 1);利用各水层长鳍金枪鱼渔获率(catch per unit effort,CPUE)推测其主要的栖息水层为150~270 m,栖息水层温度范围16~22℃,盐度范围35.0~35.6,其中最高资源丰度主要分布在190~230 m的水层,对应的温度为18~20℃,盐度为35.2~35.4。研究结果可为掌握南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼栖息环境提供基础数据。  相似文献   
7.
根据我国国家金枪鱼渔业观察员2012年10月-2013年1月和2013年10月-2014年2月两个阶段在印度洋中西部采集1233尾黄鳍金枪鱼的样本,对其进行了繁殖生物学的研究,主要分析黄鳍金枪鱼纯重、叉长、性比、性成熟率和性腺指数等繁殖生物学参数。结果表明:(1)雌性雄性叉长-纯重关系式分别是W=7×10-6L3.244和W=6×10-6L3.197;(2)雌雄之比为0.74∶1,达到性成熟的雌雄个体性别比为0.69∶1;(3)雌性性腺指数为0.39~5.92,在雌性个体中性腺指数大于2的占52.03%;雄性性腺指数为0.44~3.37,在雄性个体中性腺指数大于2的占31.43%。(4)雌、雄性成熟叉长的Logistic曲线分别是P=1/[1+e0.08276×(122.991-FLm)]和P=1/[1+e0.03767×(118.618-FLm)];(5)采样期间(10月至翌年2月)雌、雄性个体分别在12月和1月的性成熟率达到最高,在2月份性成熟率最低;(6)根据体长分布推算,叉长为115 cm可以作为黄鳍金枪鱼个体分为大小两个群体的基准,雌雄样本中大个体所占比例分别是63.13%和75.40%,两个群体中,雌雄个体大小存在显著性差异(P0.05)。本文的研究结果有助于更好地了解印度洋西部黄鳍金枪鱼的生物学特征,为我国进一步开发该种渔业资源提供基础资料。  相似文献   
8.
根据2010年8-11月在中西太平洋所罗门群岛海域金枪鱼延绳钓作业,研究了长鳍金枪鱼的垂直分布与环境因子的关系。结果表明,在所罗门群岛海域,长鳍金枪鱼的最适水层为130.00~160.00m,最适水温范围为22.00~24.00℃.最适盐度范围为35.70~35.80;长鳍金枪鱼活动较频繁的水层范围为130.00-190.00m,水温范围为20.00-26.00℃,盐度段为35.60~35.90。  相似文献   
9.
南太平洋雌性大眼金枪鱼性腺成熟等级研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对2010年~2013年南太平洋海域采集的雌性大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)卵巢组织样本进行石蜡切片实验,研究其发育特征,鉴定其成熟等级并估算繁殖力。结果显示,卵巢的发育分为未成熟期、成熟前期、成熟后期、排卵期和排卵后期5个阶段;雌性性腺指数范围为0.26~8.58,平均为3.56,随叉长增长而增大;50%成熟叉长为116.32 cm;平均怀卵数为1.09×10~6粒;平均相对繁殖力为20.5粒·g~(-1)。聚类分析显示,因钓获深度不同,2、3期为一类,1、4期为一类,5期独为一类。研究表明,在南太平洋海域,大眼金枪鱼初次性成熟年龄比其他海域提前,可能是受过度捕捞的影响。  相似文献   
10.
根据2008年9月—2009年4月印度洋中南部金枪鱼延绳钓渔场所捕获的长鳍金枪鱼Thunnus alalun-ga数据,对该鱼种的生物学特征进行了分析。结果表明:1)叉长为74~120 cm,优势叉长为105~110cm,约占总数的47.8%,平均叉长为(107.2±4.99)cm。2)长鳍金枪鱼叉长(LF,cm)与加工后重(WD,kg)的关系可表达为WD=1.7146×10-5LF3.0197(总体),WDM=7×10-5L2F.M7229(雄性),WDF=2×10-6L3F.F5354(雌性)。3)调查期间,长鳍金枪鱼性腺成熟度以Ⅳ级为主,约占总数的43.1%。4)当长鳍金枪鱼叉长小于100 cm时,摄食等级以0级和2级为主;当叉长为100~120 cm时,空胃率达39%以上,且随叉长的增长而递增。当叉长为91~110 cm时,摄食饱满指数随叉长增长而上升;当叉长为111~120 cm时,饱满指数随叉长递增而降低。  相似文献   
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