蓟马为害对苜蓿叶茎显微结构的影响

为了揭示蓟马为害后紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）叶片和茎秆细胞组织结构的变化及其与苜蓿耐害性的关系，本研究选用抗、感蓟马苜蓿无性系R-1和I-1，比较蓟马为害后苜蓿叶片和茎秆的显微结构及叶片超微结构的变化。结果表明，受害后，R-1和I-1苜蓿的组织结构有明显改变：叶片上下表皮细胞锯齿边缘消失，细胞显著隆起，气孔缩小，单位面积细胞和气孔数显著增加。在茎秆中，维管束间距和直径变小，维管束细胞减少，厚角组织宽度下降；表皮细胞变短变窄，细胞和气孔数明显增加。叶片栅栏组织细胞收缩，液泡变小，叶绿体淀粉粒变小或减少，叶绿体片层基粒增加，嗜锇体增多。健康R-1叶片上下表皮单位面积细胞和气孔数均少于I-1。受害后，R-1叶片上下表皮单位面积细胞数分别增加1.75和1.51倍，细胞增加倍数、叶绿体片层和基粒均多于I-1。受蓟马为害后，R-1组织结构的变化较I-1更显著。     

几种杀虫剂对香蕉花蓟马的田间防治试验

选用60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂、5%啶虫脒乳油、480 g/L毒死蜱乳油、450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂、240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油和200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂等7种杀虫剂对香蕉花蓟马进行了田间防治试验。结果表明: 当采用每间隔两天施药时，7种供试药剂对香蕉花蓟马都具一定的防治效果，其中以240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂0.25ml/L对该虫的防效最高，为87.92%，其次为60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂0.67 ml/L，其防效为86.02%，再次是450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂0.33 ml/L，防效为72.00%；5%啶虫脒乳油0.67ml/L、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂0.33 ml/L、480 g/L毒死蜱乳油0.5 ml/L、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油0.33 ml/L对该虫的防效分别为：62.63%、54.48%、51.47%和45.91%，显著低于240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂。     

长春地区大豆田蓟马种类鉴定及黄蓟马种群动态

为了在大豆生产中更好地防治蓟马类害虫，于2017年长春地区的大豆田中调查蓟马种类及消长动态。结果发现，大豆田有1亚目2科5属6种蓟马，横纹蓟马（Aeolothrips fasciatus）、黄蓟马（Thrips flavus）、豆喙蓟马（Mycterothrips glycines）、齿裂绢蓟马（Hydatothrips dentatus）、烟蓟马（Thrips tabaci）和花蓟马（Frankliniella intonsa）。根据成虫特征编写了本地区大豆田蓟马种类识别检索表。黄蓟马是本地区的优势种，其发生高峰期为盛花期至始粒期，初步明确了该虫在大豆植株上的垂直分布规律，即主要分布于大豆植株上层叶片的第1叶位到第5叶位，主要在叶背面活动，成虫、若虫在各个物候期虫口数量与大豆叶位之间的关系以逻辑斯蒂模型拟合度较佳。     

香蕉花蓟马对不同颜色的敏感性及色板田间悬挂组合选择

为明确香蕉花蓟马对不同颜色的敏感性及色板的田间悬挂组合,以香蕉种植基地为试验点,分别比较香蕉花蓟马对10种基本色和8种同类色的敏感性差异,测定颜色、悬挂高度和悬挂方式三者对香蕉花蓟马的互作效应。结果表明:10种基本色中,香蕉花蓟马对黄色最敏感,其次为粉色、蓝色和青色,对其他6种颜色的敏感性较弱;8种同类色中,香蕉花蓟马对橙黄最敏感,其次为香蕉黄、镉黄和纯黄,对其他4种黄色的敏感性较弱。颜色、悬挂高度和悬挂方式均显著影响粘虫色板对香蕉花蓟马成虫的诱集效果,三者间互作效应显著;4种敏感黄色粘虫板,香蕉黄、橙黄和纯黄的悬挂高度均以粘虫板底端与花蕾肩部平齐为宜,镉黄的悬挂高度以粘虫板底端高出花蕾肩部20 cm为宜,悬挂方式均以粘虫板长边为底端为宜,这4种组合以橙黄粘虫板组合对香蕉花蓟马的田间诱集效果最好。     

山东省棕榈蓟马田间种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性

采用叶管药膜法测定了山东省4个蔬菜产区棕榈蓟马对7种杀虫剂的抗药性水平。结果表明,供试药剂毒力由大到小依次为多杀霉素甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐吡虫啉噻虫嗪吡蚜酮高效氯氟氰菊酯辛硫磷;济南、聊城和泰安地区的棕榈蓟马种群对7种药剂基本处于敏感状态,寿光地区的棕榈蓟马对多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和吡蚜酮产生了6.99~10.83倍的低水平抗性。     

甘蔗蓟马防治新农药试验

采用多种新农药进行甘蔗蓟马防治试验。结果表明,绿园、伊维能有效防治甘蔗蓟马,防效均达80%以上,是进行甘蔗蓟马防治较为有效的药剂。     

6种药剂防治芦笋蓟马的研究

[目的]评估6种药剂对蓟马的防治效果。[方法]选用6种不同类型的药剂对芦笋蓟马进行大田药效试验,调查药前、药后虫口密度,计算虫口减退率和防治效果。[结果]0.3%苦生碱AS 60 mg/kg、6.0%乙基多杀菌素SC 600 mg/kg和2.5%多杀菌素SC 350mg/kg对蓟马的防效较好,达到90%左右,明显优于其他处理;10.0%双三氟虫脲EC 2 000 mg/kg的防效次之,达到80%左右,明显优于10.0%烯定虫胺AS 500 mg/kg和24.0%氰氟虫腙SC 2 400 mg/kg。[结论]0.3%苦生碱AS、6.0%乙基多杀菌素SC和2.5%多杀菌素SC分别以剂量60、600和350 mg/kg防治芦笋田蓟马,速效性好,持效期长,对芦笋安全,可在芦笋生产上推广使用。     

昆明地区花卉蓟马种类初报

 作者于1991～1992年调查了昆明地区花卉蓟马.在调查的58种常见花卉中,发现在46种花卉上有蓟马寄生;对蓟马种类进行了鉴定研究.本文记述在昆明地区危害花卉,或在花卉上活动的蓟马6种,及其主要寄主和危害情况;并提出防治方法.     

黄胸蓟马对香蕉的危害及其防治

１９９６～１９９７年在香蕉花期调查结果表明,黄胸蓟马在广州地区香蕉园中普遍存在,香蕉花感虫率达１００％,平均每花苞感虫８２．８头。感虫数与花苞着生高度有关,以高度１２０～１４０ｃｍ的花苞感虫数最高,以后随高度的增加剧减。黄胸蓟马只危害稍开和已开的第１至第４苞片内花段,且虫口数由外向里递减。园中杂草有助于蓟马对香蕉花的危害,平均每花苞虫口数多杂草蕉园比管理精细的无杂草园多３．６倍。室内药效试验结果表明,毒死蜱、乐果、丁基克百威和灭多威对黄胸蓟马有很好的毒杀效果,氯氰菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯效果不理想。     

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog,pyriproxyfen, on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, on various developmental stadia of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were determined on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 0.064 or 0.128 g AI liter(-1) on leaves (residual contact-ingestion), thrips (direct contact) and leaf-thrips (residue contact-ingestion-direct contact). Pyriproxyfen did not have any significant lethal effects on thrips pupae in any treatment. Lethal effects on thrips larvae varied depending on application method and dosage. In the leaf and the leaf-thrips treatments, few larvae and pre-pupae molted to the next stage, and none developed to adults. In contrast, in the thrips-only treatment, pyriproxyfen did not show any significant lethal effects. The developmental times of larvae and pre-pupae were prolonged when larvae were treated with pyriproxyfen, and those of pre-pupae and pupae were shortened when pre-pupae and pupae were treated. The longevity and survival rates of thrips adults were generally shorter when they contacted and ingested pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than those in water control. Significantly fewer progeny (0.22-1.15 larvae per female) were produced by females that had fed on and been in contact with the pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than by those in the water control (11.94 larvae per female). However, the number of progeny produced by the thrips females increased significantly (3.32-7.28 larvae per female) when the females were transferred to untreated leaves after feeding on treated leaves for 5 days; the daily larval hatching pattern was similar to those in water control, indicating that female adults were able to produce viable eggs when untreated food was offered.