食品中罂粟碱、那可丁、吗啡、可待因和蒂巴因的测定——高效液相色谱法

S本法建立了高效液相色谱法测定食品中罂粟碱、那可丁、吗啡、可待因和蒂巴因5种非法添加物的检测方法,色谱柱ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6×150 mm 5-Micron),流动相为0.1%甲酸的10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液-乙腈(10:90),流速0.3 mL/min,检测波长280 nm,进样量10 μL,柱温30 ℃,进行定量分析。在浓度为0.01-10.00μg/mL范围内,标准曲线线性关系良好(相关系数R＞0.9990), 罂粟碱、那可丁、吗啡、可待因和蒂巴因的检出限分别是：0.05 μg/mL、0.03 μg/mL、0.1μg/mL、0.1μg/mL、0.05 μg/mL。五种生物碱加标水平在1.2、1.5 mg/kg时,回收率为88-93%,相对偏差为1.4-3.2%。该方法方便快捷,成本较低,操作简便,分析快速,可用于食品中5种非法添加物检测。     

Evaluation of alkaloid profiles in hybrid generations of different poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) genotypes

Five varieties (‘Minoan’, ‘Medea’, ‘Korona’, ‘Przemko’, ‘Kozmosz’) of poppy representing different chemotypes were combined and the alkaloid profiles of F1-F3 progenies were studied during 2006-2009.In the crosses of high alkaloid containing varieties the content of total alkaloids and that of morphine and thebaine showed increased levels in the hybrid generations which persisted till F3. Narcotine (noscapine), however accumulated at lower level than the midparent values and showed a decreasing tendency over generations. A higher number of homogenous strains starts to appear in F3 progenies. The majority of codeine containing individuals concentrates to certain strains. A growing number of high thebaine containing individuals was observed in several combinations. In the crosses with low alkaloid containing parent (‘Przemko’) the F1 exhibits considerable heterosis for total alkaloid content. Low alkaloid containing recessive individuals segregate in F2 and stabilise in F3.Results of our crossing experiments reflected well the effects of genetic regulation at three levels of enzymatic processes during the biosynthesis of poppy alkaloids. Data support the recessive determination of transformations at TyDC (tyrosine decarboxylase) and BBE (berberine bridge enzyme) levels while more complex (polygenic) effects are supposed in controlling the quantity of narcotine (noscapine) and morphinanes. Selection for fixing very low alkaloid content and narcotine may be effective in early F2 generations, however a selection for morphinanes is not worthy before F3.