燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物及专用改良剂改良龟裂碱土的效果

施用土壤改良剂是在现代化工业的基础上发展起来的有别于传统土壤改良方法的新方法.本文系统分析了利用脱硫废弃物和专用改良剂对宁夏银北龟裂碱土的改良效应,结果表明:施用脱硫废弃物后土壤pH、碱化度降幅很大,容重、机械组成、有机质、养分等理化性状略有改善,加入施用脱硫废弃物和专用改良剂后,土壤容重降低约10%,粘粒含量减少,粉粒、砂粒含量增加;土壤有机质和养分含量、产量都大幅度增加,但考虑改良剂原料费用后则以脱硫废弃物和改良剂Ⅱ配合施用最终经济效益最大.所以该改良剂可以有效改良龟裂碱土.     

基于水稻冠层植被指数的龟裂碱土盐碱化信息预测研究

土壤盐碱化是危及农业生产的重大生态环境问题,遥感技术可以通过植被冠层光谱来估测土壤的盐碱化程度。试验结果表明:土壤pH与ESP(exchangeable sodium saturation percentage)之间有极显著相关关系;随着生育期的推移,水稻冠层NDVI逐渐增大,RVI逐渐减小,孕穗期水稻冠层NDVI值最高,RVI值最低。从拔节期到乳熟期的水稻冠层NDVI和RVI与相应时期的土壤pH和ESP都有较好的相关性,而且随着作物生长期的延伸,NDVI估测土壤pH和ESP的准确性有增加的趋势;返青期和分蘖期相关性不稳定。NDVI和RVI对pH和ESP估测的精度无显著性差异,但NDVI对ESP的估测效果更好一些。所以,从拔节期到乳熟期,通过水稻冠层植被指数可以较准确地预测龟裂碱土的碱化程度。     

典型龟裂碱土光谱特征分析及碱化程度预测

以宁夏银北地区典型龟裂碱土为研究对象,表层土壤光谱反射率选择平滑、倒数等7种数据处理方式,采用全回归、逐步回归和偏最小二乘三种回归方法,分析龟裂碱土光谱特征,筛选对土壤pH值和ESP的敏感波段,建立龟裂碱土碱化信息的预测模型。结果表明：龟裂碱土的光谱反射曲线属于缓斜型;土壤表层反射率与土壤pH值和ESP在研究波段内均呈极显著正相关关系;反射率倒数对数的一阶微分和反射率的一阶微分在特征波段范围表现较好;反射率与土壤pH值的相关性优于与土壤ESP的相关性。从拟合度和选用敏感波段的多少整体考虑,采用偏最小二乘回归来拟合土壤pH值和ESP的方程最佳,拟合度分别达到0.93和0.8367。     

典型龟裂碱土光谱特征分析及碱化程度预测

以宁夏银北地区典型龟裂碱土为研究对象，表层土壤光谱反射率选择平滑、倒数等7种数据处理方式，采用全回归、逐步回归和偏最小二乘三种回归方法，分析龟裂碱土光谱特征，筛选对土壤pH值和ESP的敏感波段，建立龟裂碱土碱化信息的预测模型。结果表明：龟裂碱土的光谱反射曲线属于缓斜型；土壤表层反射率与土壤pH值和ESP在研究波段内均呈极显著正相关关系；反射率倒数对数的一阶微分和反射率的一阶微分在特征波段范围表现较好；反射率与土壤pH值的相关性优于与土壤ESP的相关性。从拟合度和选用敏感波段的多少整体考虑，采用偏最小二乘回归来拟合土壤pH值和ESP的方程最佳，拟合度分别达到0.93和0.8367。     

Desert water harvesting from takyr surfaces: assessing the potential of traditional and experimental technologies in the Karakum

From historical times the traditionally nomadic people in desert environments of Turkmenistan have applied a range of innovative technologies to secure water supply for consumptive and productive purposes. These technologies make use of takyrs , flat or slightly sloping dense clay surfaces which act as natural catchment areas. In recent history, these technologies have been neglected, in part due to a booming water supply through irrigation development, and takyr surfaces have suffered various degradation processes. However, the limited scope for further extension of irrigation systems presents a challenge to reconsider these traditional technologies. In this paper, results of cost‐benefit analysis are presented by which an assessment is made of the potential of both traditional and experimental takyr use technologies. It is shown that they bear considerable potential for the future at relatively low investment cost, that they may help limit degradation processes and provide for a sustainable development pathway for the inhabitants of the desert. A main challenge in order to benefit from this potential is to find an appropriate management structure for maintenance and resource use of these water‐harvesting technologies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

脱硫石膏改良龟裂碱土对枸杞根际土壤理化性质及根系生长的影响

In this study, the rhizosphere soil properties of Takyr Solonetzs ameliorated with FGDG, and its effect on root growth of Lycium barbarum were studied. The results indicated that with increasing applications of FGDG, the contents of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, and HCO₃^- in rhizosphere soil decreased gradually with the ratio of 51.9%, 16.7%, 42.7%, 44.7% and 28.2%, respectively, while the contents of Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2- showed an increasing trend and increased by 96.9% and 80.4% compared with those of the CK. As the content of exchangeable Na⁺ decreased with the increasing application of FGDG, the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and soil pH values decreased from 32.2% and 10.5 to 18.1% and 7.82, respectively and thus the soil physical properties improved. However, the lowest total salt content (2.91 g·kg^-1) was found in T2 (2.5 t/(667m²)), and similarly, the highest values of taproot length (44.78 cm), root surface area(179.97 cm²) and root dry weight (17.53 g) were also found in T2, which suggested that applications of FGDG were not always positively correlated with soil reclamation, and excessive amount of FGDG would inhibit root’s growth. Overall, application of FGDG is effective in ameliorating Takyr Solonetzs, but high amount of FGDG would result in excess salts against root growth and subsequently influence production.