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排序方式: 共有264条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Long-term studies are valuable in assessing the impact of crop management practices on soil sustainability and function. This study used two calculation scenarios, fixed depth and Equivalent Soil Mass (ESM) to assess (i) soil nutrient status and (ii) soil organic carbon (SOC) after 50 years of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates (0, 22, 45, and 67 kg N ha?1) and tillage [clean tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT)] in a dryland winter wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. The soil organic matter (SOM) content increased by 33% with NT and RT compared with CT. The SOC at 0–30 cm was 39% greater than 30–60 cm depth with both fixed depth and ESM calculations. Soil nutrient specifically soil calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) associated with N rates were no different than the control. Crop nutrient removal may eventually reduce soil nutrient contents with only N application. Nutrient addition specifically P should be considered in the future.  相似文献   
2.
Despite great genetic diversity, sorghum grain consistently suffers from poor protein digestibility. The physicochemical packaging of protein bodies which consist of protease-resistant β- and γ-kafirin is considered a major obstacle. A synthetic β-kafirin gene, which shares the endosperm-specific promoter and signal peptide with the native β-kafirin gene (Sobic.009G001600.1), was transformed into sorghum inbred line Tx430. The gene was modified with ten additional proteolytic sites. These sites were designed to be amenable to cleavage by pepsin and/or chymotrypsin proteinases. Five independent transgenic lines were regenerated by microprojectile transformation. Notably, considerably more protein was observed in the peripheral endosperm of transgenic lines under scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy revealed invaginated or irregularly shaped protein bodies in the endosperm of transgenic lines. Grains of transgenic lines contained 11–37% more protein, which was 11–21% more pepsin digestible and 7–25% more chymotrypsin digestible than Tx430. Additionally, the abundant synthetic β-kafirin protein (5.6% of total protein) was detected by mass spectrometry data analysis in the transgenic line 9-1. Field-grown homozygous transgenics retained higher protein content, larger seed size and no reduction in grain number per plant. The results illustrated that plant synthetic biology could play an important role in improving sorghum nutritional value.  相似文献   
3.
ZHANG Jie  XU Hua 《园艺学报》2014,30(5):937-941
AIM:To study the effects of synthetic kainic acid (SKA) and 1-heptanol (1-Hep), a gap junction blocker, on the cytoskeletal filament expression in the astrocytes. METHODS:The neonatal rat brain was obtained from the Wistar rats (1 day old) and primary purified astrocytes were obtained by differential attachment for removing filamentoblasts and orbital shaker for removing the oligodendrocytes. The effects of SKA and other interventions on the morphologic changes and expression levels of skeleton protein filamentous actin (F-actin) were observed in the astrocytes after 24 h of the exposures by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The effect of 1-Hep on the expression of F-actin was also explored. RESULTS:Compared with control group, the fluorescence intensities in KCl group and KCl+SKA group were increased, and highly increased in KCl+SKA group. The F-actin filaments in the above 2 groups were more intensive, thickened and concentrated than those in control group, and more obvious in KCl+SKA group. l-Hep significantly decreased the expression of F-actin in KCl group and KCl+SKA group as compared with control group, and parts of the filamentous fracture were seen in the astrocytes in all 1-Hep-treated groups, in which some of the filamentous lines were crosscut. CONCLUSION:Increase in the expression of F-actin in the astrocytes affects the structure and function of the intercellular gap junctions, which may be involved in the mechanism of SKA-induced epilepsy.  相似文献   
4.
Ultrastructural morphological injuries and maturation rates were investigated in equine oocytes exposed to vitrification solutions (VS) containing synthetic ice blockers (SIBs) during different exposure times. In experiment 1, compact cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs; n = 30) were randomly allocated to treatments: (1) fresh fixed (control); (2) VS-1 (1.4 M dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] + 1.8 M ethylene glycol [EG] + 1% SIB) for 3 minutes of equilibrium time and VS-2 (2.8 M DMSO + 3.6 M EG + 0.6 M sucrose + 1% SIB) for 1 minute (Eq-long); and (3) VS-1 for 1.5 minutes and VS-2 for 30 seconds (Eq-short). In experiment 2, compact (n = 248) and expanded (n = 264) COCs were evenly distributed to the following treatments: (1) immediate maturation in vitro (control); (2) vitrification using the Eq-short protocol as in experiment 1; and (3) vitrification using a stock solution containing 2.8 M formamide, 2.8 M DMSO, 2.7 M EG, 7% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 1% SIB (Eq-short-mod). More (P < .02) oocytes with normal ultrastructural morphology were seen in fresh control and Eq-short groups than in Eq-long group. Metaphase-II (MII) rates were higher (P < .05) for oocytes with expanded cumulus than compact cumulus in the control group, and higher (P < .05) for oocytes with expanded cumulus than compact cumulus in Eq-short and Eq-short-mod groups. No difference in MII rates was detected among groups within each type of COC. In conclusion, reduction of exposure time to VS better preserved oocyte ultrastructural features, and MII rates were higher for vitrified oocytes with expanded cumulus. This study advances our knowledge on potential alternatives for vitrification of immature equine oocytes.  相似文献   
5.
为探讨水稻主栽品种病虫侵害风险和综合抗性,采用田间多点自然诱发法对杭州地区11个水稻主栽品种的主要病虫害抗性进行综合评价。结果表明,应用多目标综合评价和决策方法,对田间主要病虫的综合抗性强弱排序为:‘甬优538’〉‘甬优12号’〉‘秀水134’〉‘甬优15号’〉‘浙优18号’〉‘丰两优香1号’〉‘甬优8号’〉‘甬优9号’〉‘中浙优1号’〉‘中浙优8号’〉‘天优华占’,表现为高抗、中抗的品种分别为4个、5个,中感、高感各1个;2个试验点在褐飞虱、白背飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、纹枯病等当年田间发生量大的病虫抗性分析结果较一致,而零星发生的病虫上表现的抗感程度有差异。经多目标决策法分辨各目标性质并作相应变换,两地各品种的总体抗性评价排序较一致,父本亲缘关系相近的水稻品种具有相近的综合抗性。根据品种结构与抗性变化制定综合防治策略,可为不同品种布局下的病虫害监测预警和防控提供依据。  相似文献   
6.
王丽娜  郭琦 《玉米科学》2015,23(6):39-44
单倍体水平的选择可以提高轮回选择程序的效率。经过4个周期的单倍体轮回选择之后,一个综合群体SPC4的产量达到了当前商业杂交种的产量水平。SPC4群体与27个来自于爱荷华州立大学的综合群体相比较具有更好的群体表现。两个单交种在单倍体水平上表现出株高和穗长的超亲分离,表明利用单倍体植株来鉴定、创造和改良优良的育种材料是非常有效的方法。  相似文献   
7.
建立基于微波和光学卫星影像的农作物估产模型,可对上报作物产量准确性及估产模型精度进行相互验证.应用2014年4月中旬和5月初星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)——RADARSAT-2和同期HJ影像各两幅,选择安徽省寿县和怀远县冬小麦产区,通过试验田产量和反演的雷达影像后向散射系数,以及从环境星计算得到的归一化植被指数(NDVI),建立冬小麦线性估产模型,在此基础上对估产模型精度进行比较:通过星载SAR的同极化HH和交叉极化HV方式建立的估产模型对寿县涧沟镇冬小麦估产精度分别为68.37%和74.01%,对怀远县龙亢镇冬小麦估产精度分别为63.10%和69.10%;通过HJ星建立的估产模型对寿县涧沟镇和怀远县龙亢镇冬小麦估产精度分别为69.52%和66.43%.基于HJ星影像得到的冬小麦估产模型精度和基于SAR得到的估产模型精度接近.模型结果为上报产量准确性、冬小麦估产模型验证、参数纠正及推广奠定基础和积累经验.  相似文献   
8.
Experiment was carried out to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of fenvalerate to Labeo rohita fingerlings. After determining the LC50 value of fenvalerate, a sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) of fenvalerate was exposed for 15 days. Significant alterations in SOD (P < 0.05) activity of liver and gill was observed due to fenvalerate. Catalase activity in gills of fishes was also affected significantly (P < 0.05). WBC, NBT and Hct values were reduced significantly in fenvalerate exposed fishes as compared to control group, whereas blood glucose level showed higher values in fenvalerate exposed group. Serum total protein and albumin were also reduced significantly as a result of fenvalerate exposure. Significant increase in the serum GOT, serum GPT, creatinine, triglyceride and serum ACP was noticed after 15 days of fenvalerate exposure. Results indicated that short term exposure of fenvalerate can induce biochemical and haematological alterations causing stress to L. rohita fingerlings.  相似文献   
9.
This study proposes to evaluate rapid methodologies to estimate oxidative stability and biodegradability for mineral, vegetable and synthetic oil samples, using quick and simple experiments. The synthetic oil sample was obtained from castor oil, so the vegetable oil chosen for this evaluation was a sample of the crude castor oil source. The oxidative stability tests described enabled the comparison of synthetic lubricant samples and showed that their stability was lower than that of petroleum-based oil. However, the physico-chemical properties, such pour points and viscosity index, were improved and potentially interesting for lubricant applications. The biodegradability experiments were carried out using a model of bio-kinetics. These studies proved that synthetic lubricant samples were easily degradable (similar to crude castor oil) and showed half-life significantly lower than those of the mineral oil samples.  相似文献   
10.
【目的】为不同诱捕器在温棚油桃防治梨小食心虫提供依据。【方法】利用梨小食心虫性诱剂对新疆喀什地区叶城县温棚油桃梨小食心虫进行不同诱捕器(三角型粘胶式诱捕器、矿泉水瓶诱捕器、塑料桶诱捕器)诱捕效果的比较。【结果】温棚油桃梨小食心虫1年发生4代,分别出现在4月中旬、6月上中旬、7月上旬、8月上中旬。【结论】在三种诱捕器中,自制的矿泉水瓶诱捕器最佳,其次为三角型粘胶式诱捕器,塑料桶诱捕器较差,为诱捕器的研制工作提供科学依据。  相似文献   
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