不同基质对夹竹桃扦插生根的影响

[目的]为夹竹桃（Nerium indicum Mil.）繁殖提供理论参考。[方法]用5种基质对夹竹桃进行扦插,研究不同基质对夹竹桃扦插生根的影响。[结果]不同基质对夹竹桃插穗生根性状和扦插苗影响很大,以珍珠岩＋蛭石＋泥炭（1∶1∶1）较好。[结论]珍珠岩＋蛭石＋泥炭（1∶1∶1）对夹竹桃插穗生根较为有利。     

育苗基质配方对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

以腐熟菇渣、牛粪为主要原料,研究4种不同配方基质对黄瓜幼苗叶片生理特性和根系活力的影响。结果表明,牛粪、菇渣、草炭、蛭石按体积比2∶2∶4∶2配制的基质中,黄瓜幼苗叶片净光合速率最高,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量显著高于其余处理,叶绿素含量、比叶重、根系活力与传统育苗基质(草炭与蛭石体积比为6.7∶3.3)无显著差异,可代替传统基质用于黄瓜育苗。     

Comparison of traditional and improved methods for estimating the stability of organic growing media

Organic growing media employed in hydroponic crops could change their characteristics due to organic matter degradation during culture growing season. Traditional methods for measuring the stability of growing media (Biochemical Stability Index, Lemaire) do not take into account the activity of crop roots, nutrients in the growing media or microorganism presence. Three experiments were performed to determine the stability of six organic substrates. Stability was measured as the percentage of organic matter remaining in substrates. In experiment one (short duration and small scale without plant) 500 ml samples were incubated for 180 days following original methodology proposed by Lemaire (L) and with three modifications: (1) Inoculation with compost (I), (2) watered with nutrient solution (NS), and (3) both combined (I + NS). In experiment two (Long duration, medium scale) 10 l samples were incubated with and without a lolium crop for 720 days in a greenhouse. In experiment 3 stability of each substrate was real measured in 20 l hydroponic bags after use in four cycles of tomato production in a commercial greenhouse (2 years). All incubations were triplicated. Physicochemical properties of substrates were measured. Correlations between stability estimated in experiment one and two and real determinations in experiment three were analyzed. Lemaire methodology modified by adding and inoculum an nutrients (I + NS) was the best method to estimate the stability of organic growing media measured in real conditions in experiment 3. This new method greatly improves the estimation performed with original Lemaire methodology. Long term incubations with lolium also reproduce well the real stability of growing media but this methodology is not feasible because it requires four times longer and the amount of substrate required is 20 times larger for each sample.     

砂基栽培中磷素淋失防治研究进展

砂基栽培中的磷素淋溶损失不仅造成肥料利用率降低、农业生产成本上升,还能引起地下和地表水体富营养化。在综合中外有关文献的基础上,阐述了砂基栽培磷素淋溶问题的提出、影响磷素淋溶的因子、防治方法,并对砂基栽培磷素淋溶及其防治作了展望。     

不同基质材料对仙客来幼苗生长的影响

试验进行了不同基质材料对仙客来萌发及幼苗期生长的研究。选用4种基本基质材料,按照一定比例配成6种栽培基质配方,结果表明,基质A6配方(椰绒:珍珠岩=1:1)为较理想的基质配方。其发芽率、幼苗叶片数、株高、叶宽和球茎直径等的差异显著。     

榆叶梅硬枝扦插生根研究

[目的]找出榆叶梅硬枝扦插快速生根的最佳方案。[方法]研究不同基质及生根剂浓度对榆叶梅硬枝扦插快速生根的影响。[结果]未经激素处理的插穗生根情况较差,经过生长素处理的插穗以不同方式扦插不同扦插基质上生根情况有很大差别。[结论]榆叶梅插穗生根以90μg/ml NAA处理效果好于以IBA+NAA处理的生根;以90μg/ml NAA处理插穗生根时又以扦插在壤土+蛭石中的生根效果最好。     

景天新品种的扦插繁殖研究1）

试验以玫红景天（Sedum spectabile cv ．Borean ．）和冰山景天（Sedum spectabile cv ．Al-bum ）为植物试材，研究了不同基质、不同外源激素浓度对景天新品种嫩枝扦插生根的影响。试验表明：玫红景天和冰山景天均适合在园土＋蛭石＋珍珠岩（1∶1∶1）、园土＋沙土（1∶3）的基质下种植扦插，冰山景天在NAA＋IBA（1∶1）浓度为200～400mg/L时，生根率及根长值最大；玫红景天在NAA＋IBA（1∶1）浓度为400mg/L时，生根率高、生根效果最佳。为今后研究景天类植物的扦插繁殖提供了科学的理论参考。     

不同配比基质对草莓开花结果和果实品质的影响

[目的]通过设置不同配比的基质,为草莓基质栽培提供理论参考。[方法]采用草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩3种材料,以不同的体积比配成4种不同的混合基质,研究了不同配比基质对立体盆栽草莓开花结果特性和果实品质的影响。[结果]混配基质的各项理化指标均在无土栽培基质的理想范围内,其中以处理Ⅰ草炭＋珍珠岩（2∶1）栽培的草莓表现最好。[结论]4种基质处理均适合草莓栽培。     

C/N ratio control and substrate addition for periphyton development jointly enhance freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii production in ponds

The present research investigated the effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) control in ponds with or without substrate addition for periphyton development on production of giant freshwater prawn. C/N ratios of 10, 15 and 20 were investigated in 40 m^− 2 ponds stocked with 2 prawn juveniles (5.023 ± 0.02 g) m^− 2 with or without added substrates for periphyton development. The various treatment combinations of C/N ratio and periphyton substrate addition are abbreviated as ‘CN10’, ‘CN15’, ‘CN20’, ‘CN10 + P’, ‘CN15 + P’ and ‘CN20 + P’, P representing periphyton substrate. A locally formulated and prepared feed containing 30% crude protein with C/N ratio10 was applied. Tapioca starch was used as carbohydrate source for manipulating C/N ratio and applied to the water column separately from the feed. Increasing the C/N ratio from 10 to 20 reduced (P < 0.001) the total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN), nitrite–nitrogen (NO₂–N) and nitrate–nitrogen (NO₃–N) in water column and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in sediment. The addition of substrates only influenced the NO₂–N concentration in the water column (P < 0.001). Increasing the C/N ratio raised the total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) population in the water column, sediment and periphyton (P < 0.001). It also increased the dry matter (DM), ash free dry matter (AFDM), and chlorophyll a content of periphyton (P < 0.001). The lowest specific growth rate (SGR), the highest food conversion ratio (FCR), and the lowest protein efficiency ratio (PER) were recorded in treatment CN10 (P < 0.05). The addition of substrates did not influence size at harvest (P > 0.05) but improved the survival from 62.8 to 72% (P < 0.001). Increasing the C/N ratio from 10 to 20 increased the net yield by 40% and addition of substrate increased the net yield by 23%. The combination of C/N ratio control and substrate addition increased the net yield by 75% from 309 (CN10) to 540 (CN20 + P) kg ha^− 1 (120 days)^− 1. This 75% higher production concurred with (1) a lower inorganic nitrogen content in the water column, (2) a higher THB abundance supplying additional single cell protein to augment the prawn production, and (3) an improved periphyton productivity and quality.     

东方杉温室大棚扦插育苗技术

东方杉系杉科属间杂交新树种,半常绿高大乔木,具有耐水湿、耐盐碱、生长速度快、景观效果好、抗风等优良特性;东方杉不结实,且无性繁殖困难。该文介绍了东方杉温室大棚扦插设施准备,采穗圃营建,扦插育苗方法等育苗技术。应用于大规模苗木生产,平均成活率达到76.3%。