Response of gas exchange rates in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies firma</Emphasis> seedlings to various additional stresses under chronic acid fog stress

In order to clarify the chronic influence of acid fog on the gas exchange rates of momi fir (Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.) trees, we exposed them to simulated acid fog (pH 3) for 3 years. The composition of the acid fog was similar to that observed in a region where momi fir trees have been declining, and it contained organic acids. We then treated the firs with various additional stresses, such as drought, low temperature, fine root cutting, ozone exposure, soil acidification, nitrogen load, and rhizosphere aluminum stress. Under chronic exposure to acid fog, the momi fir seedlings exhibited a pattern of stomatal behavior whereby they excessively opened in summer and closed in winter. Furthermore, the stomata of these seedlings tended to open during drought stress, and their needles were visibly injured after ozone exposure. The net photosynthesis rates of the seedlings exposed to acid fog were regulated by their stomatal aperture, rather than directly by acid fog. These results suggest that acid fog exposure disturbs the control of stomatal function in the momi fir seedlings. In addition, we found that chronic acid fog exposure suppressed the decrease in net photosynthesis rate, due to its nitrogen load.     

不同银杏观赏品种叶片解剖特征比较

首次利用来自6个国家的21个观赏品种,对其叶片解剖特性进行了系统研究。结果表明,气孔主要分布在下表皮。根据对21个观赏品种的气孔指标的测定,利用其遗传距离进行聚类分析,可以分为四类;上、下表皮的角质层厚度并不随叶片厚度呈现有规律的变化;叶柄横切面均2枚维管束,叶柄角质层厚度随横切面长的变化而变化的程度明显。     

栽野稻远缘杂交高光效后代及其亲本叶片的气孔特性

为分析远缘杂交后代材料的高光效生理基础, 测定了从热带地区筛选出的杂交高光效后代材料SHP1(F2)、 SHP1-1-6(F3)、 SHP1-2-8(F3)及其亲本Azucena(O.sativa)与普通野生稻(O.rufipogon), 以及3个对照品种(O.sativa)的光合速率和气孔特性, 分析了光合速率与气孔导度和气孔结构的关系. 结果表明3个高光效后代材料的光合速率和气     

开瓶炼苗对菜用大黄组培苗气孔特性的影响

研究了菜用大黄组培苗开瓶炼苗过程中叶片气孔的特性。结果表明,菜用大黄组培苗经直接开瓶炼苗0~14 d,气孔大小、气孔长径、气孔宽径随开瓶炼苗时间的延长而逐渐减小,并趋向稳定;气孔的关闭率随开瓶时间的延长而迅速增加,达到76.5%;14 d炼苗结束后,叶表皮细胞密度显著增加,气孔密度与气孔指数稍有增加,但不显著。闭瓶炼苗7 d、然后开瓶炼苗7 d可以较快恢复菜用大黄组培苗叶片气孔关闭的适应能力;显微观察发现,不同开瓶时间处理对叶片表皮气孔的细胞结构有明显影响,有光环境与无光环境对炼苗最终没有显著影响。     

Effect of a cytochrome P450 inhibitor on abscisic acid biosynthesis and stomatal regulation in citrus trees in water-stressed conditions

The effect of diniconazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, on drought tolerance was examined in ‘Shiranui’ [(Citrus unshiu Marc. × Citrus unshiu Osbeck) × Citrus reticulate Blanco] trees. Diniconazole treatment increased abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in leaves compared with untreated controls in water-stressed conditions after 20 days of water-stress treatment. Diniconazole significantly decreased the stomatal aperture at 9 h after application compared with untreated controls in water-stressed conditions. The photosynthetic rate decreased in water-stressed conditions; however, regardless of the earlier stomatal closure induced by diniconazole application, the decrease of photosynthetic rate was delayed by the application.     

烤烟不同水分条件下成熟期叶片植物学特性

以烤烟品种K326为材料,对成熟期不同水分条件下叶片植物学特性进行研究.结果表明:随土壤含水量的降低,气孔密度增加,气孔开度减小;同部位烟叶叶片增厚,栅栏组织加厚,海绵组织变薄,单位长度栅栏组织细胞数目增多,细胞变细、变长,排列更加紧密,栅栏组织发达,有利于进行光合作用.对于不同部位的烟叶,随部位的升高,叶片和栅栏组织都增厚,栅栏组织细胞和细胞数目均增大.因此生产上合理调控成熟期烟田土壤水分,控制叶片厚度,是提高烟叶质量的重要途径.     

不同栽培条件下枣树幼果期光合作用日变化规律的研究

笔者以10年生壶瓶枣为试材,研究了枣树在灌溉、未灌溉、遮阴、雾化栽培和喷施亚硒酸钠5个处理下光合作用的日变化规律。结果表明:干旱条件降低了树体的光合作用,通过遮阴、雾化栽培和喷施亚硒酸钠可以提高树体的气孔导度,调节叶片的蒸腾,提高树体的光合速率,保证光合作用的进行。亚硒酸钠处理显著提高了叶片上午的净光合速率,气孔导度和蒸腾速率都比其他处理高。     

茉莉酸对苹果气孔运动及抗旱性的影响

50、75、100、150 mg／L JA处理苹果叶片表皮，使开放气孔的气孔开度分别减小27．4％、37．5％、56．9％和63．8％，使关闭后的气孔在光下开放时气孔开度分别减小15％、18％、28．8％、52．5％、61．3％；处理植株后干旱胁迫，叶片相对电导率分别降低15％、18％、31％、58％，脯氨酸含量分别提高0．09％、0．40％、0．42％、0．54 ng／gFW，可溶性糖含量分别提高1．89％、2．53％、3．80％、5．06％。25 mg／L JA处理与对照均无显著差别。JA的作用表现出明显的浓度效应。     

准噶尔无叶豆水分生理生态学特性的初步研究

准噶尔无叶豆是我国荒漠的稀有植物,现已被列入国家重点保护的种类。通过对该植物水分生理生态学特性的初步研究得知:其同化枝水势变化幅度较大,日变化进程为双峰型;蒸腾作用不大,日变化表现为单峰型。蒸腾速率同植物表面温度,大气相对湿度及光照等生态因素有密切关系。经观测统计,在一定的温度范围内,均呈线性关系。     

渥丹百合多倍体气孔性状的调查研究

用秋水仙素处理二倍体渥丹百合得到四倍体,对渥丹四倍体、二倍体及对照气孔进行观察.3个加倍的四倍体渥丹百合株系的气孔长度分别为51.25、56.50和54.26/μm,对照的气孔长度为37.42 μm,经秋水仙处理未加倍的二倍体株系气孔长度与对照接近,为38.75 μm.四倍体百合株系的气孔长度明显长于二倍体,从气孔密度看,加倍的四倍体渥丹各株系均明显低于二倍体,平均为10个/mm2,而二倍体渥丹及未加倍株系的气孔密度分别为17.1个/mm2和17.9个/mm2.气孔的大小和密度可以作为鉴别渥丹百合多倍体的显著区别性状.同时四倍体渥丹的保卫细胞也较二倍体有显著增大.