夏玉米产量时空变化及气候年型分析

定量分析夏玉米同一品种产量及产量构成要素时空变化,探讨造成产量时空差异的气候年型组合变化特征。基于2004～2013年夏玉米种植区郑单958多点田间试验数据分析表明,夏玉米区域平均产量为9 055 kg/hm~2,年际差为1 635 kg/hm~2,变幅为18.1%;地点差4 258 kg/hm~2,变幅为47.1%。夏玉米区域平均千粒重为313 g,年际变幅为13.1%;地点变幅为27.8%。夏玉米区域平均穗粒数为479,年际变幅为18.0%,地点变幅为38.7%。千粒重的增加导致夏玉米产量显著增加。穗粒数显著降低和时空差异大是造成产量波动和时空差异变幅大的主要原因。夏玉米产量和产量构成要素,低产点受各气候要素变化的影响显著;平产点受温度和日最高温度大于33℃的天数影响显著;高产点受降水影响显著。     

The Evolution Characteristics of Spatial Layout of Ancient Chinese Capitals: A Case Study of Sui,Tang and Northern Song Dynasties With Important Changes in the Historical Development of Feudal Society

Imperial city and outer city are the most important differentiation of the spatial structure of ancient Chinese capitals.The relationship between city and Guo changed from the original spatial structure mode of "respecting the west" and "sitting in the west and facing the east" to the spatial structure mode of "sitting in the north and facing the south" and the three outer cities in the east,south and west surrounding the imperial city after the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,and gradually changed from the original "multi palace" system to the "single palace" system.Finally,a "heavy city" capital spatial structure with the outer city around the imperial city and the imperial city around the palace city,and the central axis of the chessboard format was formed.During the Tang and Song Dynasties,it was a period of great change in the history of feudal society in China.Through the investigation of the evolution characteristics of the spatial form of capital cities in the Tang and Song Dynasties,the track of the transformation of social ideology,political system,economic structure and many other fields in the Tang and Song Dynasties was made clear.     

鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬种群数量动态与空间分布格局

2002—2015年,采用同步调查法对鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬(Recurvirostra avosetta)越冬种群数量动态与空间分布格局进行了监测。结果表明:鄱阳湖区分布有稳定的反嘴鹬越冬种群,年平均数量为(16684±14653)只,2004年、2005年、2013年种群数量均超过目前其全球数量的10%,2004年冬季鄱阳湖区越冬反嘴鹬数量达到最大值,为47520只。鄱阳湖区共有70个湖泊记录到反嘴鹬,其中反嘴鹬种群数量达到全球1%以上的湖泊有20个。每年冬季鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬集中分布在常湖、蚌湖、花庙湖和下坝湖,而反嘴鹬利用频次最高的是大湖池,每年反嘴鹬的越冬数量为(1819±1593)只。各湖泊中反嘴鹬的年平均数量与利用频次之间不存在显著相关性。自然保护区涵盖了反嘴鹬在鄱阳湖越冬的主要湖泊,分布在保护区内的反嘴鹬种群占鄱阳湖区越冬总数量的(75.3±26.0)%,但仍有很多重要的湖泊没有被纳入到保护区范围。反嘴鹬对保护区内湖泊的利用频次与保护区外湖泊的利用频次不存在显著性差异,保护区内反嘴鹬的种群数量显著大于保护区外。     

草原毛虫幼虫的食性及其空间格局

以禾草及嵩草在高寒草甸中的优势度为指标,研究草原毛虫(Gynaephora alpherakii)的食性、空间格局及其与植物群落的相关性.结果表明:草原毛虫的食性具有较强的选择性,其喜食程度排序为莎草科(Cyperaceae)＞禾本科(Gramineae)＞杂类草,特别对嵩草属(Kobresia Willd.)植物表现出强烈的偏好和倾向性;草原毛虫的分布型受制于其喜食植物的空间格局,在总体上呈聚集分布,但在小尺度下则常呈均匀分布;虫口密度依赖于喜食植物的丰富度和多样性,随着喜食植物的增加而显著上升,随着植物多样性的减少而显著下降;草原毛虫在高寒草甸生态系统中具有平衡物种关系、调控群落结构的功能;采用定向改变草地植物组成的农艺措施实现对草原毛虫数量的人工调控是实施虫害生态防治的有效途径.     

Determining spatial feed distribution in sea cage aquaculture using an aerial camera platform

Within this paper we describe an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based method to estimate the spatial feed pellet distribution in salmon fish-cages and exploit it within a case study to determine the radial pellet distribution for different rotor spreaders and blower configurations. Compared to previously used methods, capturing pellets thrown from a rotary feed spreader in rows of Styrofoam boxes, the UAV based method is simpler and faster to setup and allows to cover a larger portion of the sea cage surface area. We compare results obtained with the Styrofoam box method with results we obtained by an automatic analysis of aerial videos taken by the UAV during feeding experiments. The employed method helps to gain insight into the spatial feed pellet distribution in full-scale salmon fish-cages where the feeding pipe and actual fixation of the spreader may influence the dynamic behaviour of the feeding system. This can also be seen as a step towards a continuous measuring of the feed pellet distribution, particularly in view of possible future feeding systems that may allow to adapt the feed pellet distribution to the actual fish distribution.     

Spatial disparities in neighborhood public tree coverage: Do modes of transportation matter?

Urban green space has various environmental and ecological benefits, and uneven access to such amenities has drawn substantial attention from policy makers in developing sustainable community planning. In this study, we illustrate the spatial distribution of publicly owned and maintained trees in Edmonton, Canada and assess neighborhoods’ heterogeneous tree availability by using the container approach. Through spatial regression models, we further investigate the association of neighborhood public tree availability with socio-economic status (SES). We contribute to the existing literature by taking resident modes of transportation into consideration, in addition to many other commonly examined SES such as household income and ethnicity. Another unique contribution of this study is that we distinguish trees planted on different location types (i.e., boulevard, park, and buffer areas) when exploring the unequal coverage across neighborhoods and among different SES groups. Key results include: (1) a general examination without differentiating location types can lead to misleading results and thus provide inappropriate policy recommendations; (2) resident modes of transportation is a critical factor associated with a neighborhood’s public tree coverage; and (3) there exists evident spatial dependence on public tree availability between neighborhoods. The results from this study provide important information to better understand the issue and to allocate public resource (such as tree coverage) more efficiently and effectively to support sustainable community development.     

Measuring patterns and mechanism of greenway use – A case from Guangzhou,China

In the context of recent studies that have begun to establish a more quantifiable understanding of the use of urban greenways, this paper presents a preliminary investigation into the patterns in which a greenway is used and the mechanism behind the pattern of use of the greenway. Factors of the location, economic situation, environment and social background have been measured and analyzed in the use intensity model to interpret their impact on the use intensity of different sections of a greenway. The results suggest that use of the Waterfront Greenway in Guangzhou is highly impacted by population density, employment density, nearby service provision and the connectivity of the greenway to other parts of the city. In this case, the use intensity model with indicators such as location, economic, environmental and social factors has been shown to be applicable to the evaluation of the use of the greenways. Results from the case study suggest that providing greenways close to the residential zones, employment centers and key public services such as hospitals and schools will increase greenway use. The surrounding network system of a greenway must be carefully considered and designed to improve the linking of the greenway to other parts of the city, to increase the number of potential visitors to the greenway.     

中国冬小麦品质时空变异特征及关键气象因子分析

为精准解析中国冬小麦品质的变异特征及其影响因素，利用地理信息系统(GIS)研究中国冬小麦籽粒品质在2006-2019年的时空分布特征，探究影响冬小麦籽粒品质的关键气象因子，分析冬小麦品质与关键气象因子的空间异质性。结果表明，中国冬小麦籽粒蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值在空间上总体呈东北高西南低的变化趋势，各指标在时间上没有一致的变化特征。籽粒蛋白含量与开花至成熟期间最高气温大于30℃的天数呈极显著正相关，空间上具有一定正相关特征；湿面筋含量与开花至成熟期的平均气温呈极显著正相关，空间上具有一定正相关特征；沉淀值与开花至成熟期的日照时数呈显著负相关，空间上呈现出明显的负相关。因此，根据影响冬小麦品质形成的关键气象因子，合理布局冬小麦种植区划，制定冬小麦优质发展的气候适宜区，有利于冬小麦品质提升的气候资源高效利用。     

汤旺河林业局森林资源消长动态的GIS空间分析

以汤旺河林业局1988年和2008年两期林相图、地形图和森林经理调查数据为基础资料，利用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS9构建两期森林资源空间数据库，运用叠加分析法对6种地类、7种林型和2种起源的森林资源的空间消长情况进行研究的结果表明：1988--＇2008年，有林地作为该地区的优势景观要素，面积增加了9．38％；红松林...     

云南楚雄黑井古镇景观空间形态解析

黑井古镇在其特有的自然环境和历史发展过程中,形成了独特的自然景观、建筑文化及精神文化。基于黑井古镇的历史沿革,分析了黑井古镇自然景观、总体格局、人工建筑的总体景观特征,同时揭示出黑井古镇＂千年盐都＂的历史地位。从黑井古镇的自然环境空间,人工建筑（包括街巷、建筑、节点）空间,精神文化空间3个方面,描述与剖析了古镇的空间形态以及给人的感受。这将对认识黑井古镇,研究明清时期商业重镇的建设及发展有一定的参考价值。