水肥一体化技术在生姜生产中的应用

为了解决生姜生产中存在的费水、过度施肥、营养失衡、人工投入大、生姜产量低和品质不高的突出问题,本研究把水肥一体化技术和生姜生产实践结合起来,从生姜地块的土壤理化性状检测、设备选择与设计、水源选择、肥料选择以及生姜各生育期的水肥投入方案等方面,阐述了水肥一体化技术在生姜生产中的应用技术要点,形成了具有普遍指导性的水肥一体化技术规范。该技术要点体现了水肥一体化的技术优势,可为各生姜产区的生姜生产、广大农技推广人员农技推广服务和农业领域科研工作者提供技术指导和参考。     

滇中冷凉山区不同播期反季花椰菜产量效益分析

为摸索滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期以集成高效栽培技术推广应用,于2017—2018年选择海拔2250 m的云南省峨山县塔甸镇大西村地块进行9个播期的2年随机区组试验。结果表明,花椰菜生育期随播期推迟而延长,而花球采收期除播期7月10日外随播期推迟而逐渐增长;花椰菜株高、外叶数、开展度、球高、球径和单球重等农艺性状有随播期延迟呈现先逐渐减小而后又逐渐增大的趋势;莲座期黑腐病和霜霉病的病情指数随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐升高而后又逐渐下降的趋势;花椰菜小区产量随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐下降而后又逐渐提高的趋势,播期4月20日和4月30日与其余7个播期产量之间的差异达极显著水平。综合花椰菜在冷凉山区反季节栽培的生产实际和各播期产量产值及商品性表现,推荐滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期为4月20—30日。     

2019年度沙县优质稻品种示范试验

试验通过对野香优669、明Ⅰ优明占、田黄101等13个水稻品种进行展示示范,分析了各品种生育期、农艺性状、抗性以及产量结构,结果表明：野香优669、野香优967、明Ⅰ优明占、中浙优华香占4个参试品种综合性状表现较好,产量较高,建议在沙县推广种植。     

芜湖市5所公园地被植物应用状况分析

为进一步明确地被植物在城市公园中的景观应用,采用实地调研的方法,记录并分析安徽省芜湖市内的赭山公园、镜湖公园、九莲塘公园、滨江公园（一期）和雕塑公园的地被植物应用状况。结果显示,5所公园常用地被植物共有94种,其中草本41种、木本53种,麦冬等7种草本及洒金桃叶珊瑚等32种木本地被植物应用最多;各公园的滨水区域地被植物应用各具特色,常应用迎春花、火棘等地被植物作为衔接。笔者就芜湖市公园地被植物应用方面提出了思考与建议,为城市公园地被植物应用提供参考。     

Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.     

基于地形梯度的皖南地区土地利用分布特征

以安徽省皖南地区为例,利用GIS空间分析技术,通过计算高程、坡度和地形位指数等地形梯度上的土地利用分布指数,分析了3种地形梯度上不同土地利用类型的分布特征,探讨了该区土地利用分布特点与地形间的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区在高程0~600 m、坡度0~21°和地形位指数0~1.575 0区域内的面积占皖南地区总面积的93.10%、83.11%和93.89%,影响着该区的土地利用类型分布;(2)土地利用类型分布分层明显,耕地、水域和建设用地主要分布在海拔较低、坡度平缓和地形位指数较小的区域,相应的土地利用分布指数随地形梯度的增大而减少直至趋于0;林地、草地分布则与之相反;(3)依据土地利用和地形的关系,皖南地区土地利用格局趋于合理,但不合理的土地利用方式仍然存在,需要加强其土地利用的规划管理。     

采用声学方法研究2016年秋季布兰斯菲尔德海峡南极磷虾群昼夜垂直移动特征及其影响因素

近年来，南极磷虾渔业过于集中于布兰斯菲尔德海峡，这也使得该海区磷虾资源状况及其生态学特征日益受到关注。南极磷虾群具有较为明显的昼夜垂直移动特征，开展此方面的研究可为探索其渔场形成机制提供基础数据，并为磷虾渔业反馈式管理提供参考。基于磷虾渔船上Simrad EK80记录的相关声学数据，使用Echoview软件判别声学数据中的磷虾群体，对2016年秋季布兰斯菲尔德海峡南极磷虾群昼夜垂直移动特征进行分析，并进一步分析影响磷虾群昼夜垂直移动的因素。结果显示，3月和4月磷虾群深度基本维持在250 m以浅，虾群最大深度出现在日升时分的频次最高（22.9%），而最浅深度出现在夜间时分的频次最高（36.0%），同时在日升时分，虾群厚度达到最大值；白天磷虾群多集中在较深水层，夜间会上浮到较浅水层。随着月份的推移，磷虾群平均深度总体呈现加深的趋势。光强和海底深度是影响磷虾群深度变化的2个主要因素。     

Assessing the utility of topographic variables in predicting structural complexity of tree stands in a reforested urban landscape

The transformation of natural landscapes into impervious built-up surfaces through urbanization is known to significantly interfere with the ecological integrity of urban landscapes and accelerate climate change and associated impacts. Although urban reforestation is widely recognised as an ideal mitigation practice against these impacts, it often has to compete with other lucrative land uses within an urban area. The often limited urban space provided for reforestation therefore necessitates the optimization of the ecological benefits, which demands spatially explicit information. The recent proliferation of tree stands structural complexity (SSC) and topographic data offer great potential for determining the ecological performance of reforested areas across an urban landscape. This study explores the potential of using topographic datasets to predict SSC in a reforested urban landscape and ranks the value of these topographic variables in determining SSC. Tree structural data from a reforested urban area was collected and fed into a tree stand structural complexity index, which was used to indicate ecological performance. Topographic variables (Topographic Wetness Index, slope, Area Solar Radiation and elevation)- were derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and used to predict SSC using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression technique. Results show that SSC varied significantly between the topographic variables. Results also show that the topographic variables could be used to reliably predict SSC. As expected, the Topographic Wetness Index and slope were the most important topographic determinants of SSC while elevation was the least valuable. These results provide valuable spatially explicit information about the ecological performance of the reforested areas within an urban landscape. Specifically, the study demonstrates the value of topographic data as aids to urban reforestation planning.     

Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) abundance within the Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary,Scotland: recent trends and extrapolation to extinction

1. Aerial surveys have detected alarming declines in counts of harbour seals in several regions across Scotland.
2. Demographic data and simple models were used to examine the recent decline in the numbers of harbour seals counted in one population within a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) on the east coast of Scotland. The models suggest that the continuation of current trends would result in the species effectively disappearing from this area within the next 20 years.
3. While the cause of the decline is unknown, it must be reducing adult survival because the high rate of decline cannot be wholly accounted for by changes in other demographic parameters.
4. Recovery of the population to the abundance recorded at the time the SAC was designated (2005) is likely to take at least 40 years, even if the cause of the decline is immediately identified and removed.
5. The models suggest that partial removal of the cause can have only limited benefits to population recovery, and there are unlikely to be any long‐term benefits from introducing or reintroducing additional individuals while the underlying problem persists. Therefore, if the population of harbour seals in this area is to recover it is essential that the sources of the increased mortality are identified and measures are put in place to manage these.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

实际地形下地表太阳总辐射的简化算法及应用

为快速准确估算实际地形下地表太阳总辐射,针对辐射观测资料不足现状,通过考虑天文、大气和地理地形等因子对地表太阳总辐射的影响,构建了融合起伏地形天文辐射模型、地表太阳总辐射气候学公式和日照百分率优化插值方案的太阳总辐射简化算法。并以安徽省为例,对简化算法实施参数化和应用,采用2个辐射站观测资料统计回归得到气候学公式参数,参数化后的公式计算相对误差为7.65%。利用80个站点的日照百分率数据分析了不同插值方法适用性,逐点交叉检验结果表明,薄盘样条法对安徽省日照百分率具有更好的插值效果。基于简化算法计算得到实际地形下安徽省地表太阳总辐射平均为4500MJ·m~(-2)·a~(-1),总体呈北部高、南部低,山区南坡高、北坡低的分布特征,部分开阔南坡的太阳辐射超过同纬度水平地面。季节特征上地形对太阳辐射的影响随月份而异,在冬半年影响幅度更为明显,夏半年地形影响相对较弱,并多以削减为主。安徽省太阳能资源以3级为主,大别山和皖南山区的北坡多为4级,而在皖北低山丘陵的南坡存在零星的2级资源区。近年来由于日照百分率的下降,导致全省地表太阳总辐射普遍减少。